Modifiers
িবগত বছেরর Analysis কের ৩ ধরেনর Modifier স ে ধারণা পাওয়া যায় :
i)Modifier with Noun
ii)Modifier with Verb
iii)Modifier with Adjective
Pre =পূেব ; Post = পের
Modifier with noun
Rule-1: Pre-modify the noun/ Use adjective to pre-modify the noun
Note: ….…. + adjective + noun
For example:
i)He was a great/ famous poet. [RB, CumB, CB, BB: 2018; SB: 2017]
ii)Television has become the most common and widespread/ popular source or
entertainment in the present world. [DB, DinB, JB, SB: 2018]
iii) Arsenic is a harmful/ dangerous/ poisonous substance. [DB. 2019]
Rule-2: Use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun
Note: …...... + noun + noun
For example:
i) Television programs are very entertaining. [DB, DinB, JB, SB: 2018]
ii) His literary works have enriched Bengali literature. [RB, CumB, CB, BB: 2018; SB:
2017]
iii) Most of our village people drink tube well water. [DB. 2019]
Rule-3:Use an appositive to post modify the noun
Note: Subject + কমা + noun/noun phrase + কমা+.....
For example:
i. Nazrul, our national poet, the rebel poet, won the attention of everyone in his early
childhood. [RB, CumB, CB, BB: 2018; SB: 2017]
ii. Motor vehicles also pollute the air, the most vital element of the environment. [JB:
2019]
iii. Pakistan, the mostly military ruled country, cannot come out of its military
influences. [CB: 2017]
Rule-4:Post-modify the noun/ Post-modify the noun with past participle adjective
Note: Noun + adjective + .........
For example:
i. Courses run by the Open University are shown on BTV. [DB, DinB, JB, SB: 2018]
Rule-5:Use a determiner to pre-modify the noun/noun phrase
Note: ........ + article/ demonstrative (this/ that/ these/ those)/ some/ any/ many/ few etc.
+ noun
For example:
i. Some dishonest businessmen use poisonous chemicals in food and fruits to make
illegal and quick money. [RB: 2019]
Rule-6:Use an article to pre-modify the noun
Note: …...... + a/ an/ the + noun
For example:
i. However, watching TV has become an addiction for many. [DB, DinB, JB, SB: 2018]
ii.He was a secular poet. [RB, CumB, CB, BB: 2018; SB: 2017]
Rule-7: Use possessive to pre-modify the noun
Note: ..... + my/ our/ his/ her/ their/ its etc.+ noun
For example:
i. He wrote ceaselessly until the death of his poetic flair. [RB, CumB, CB, BB: 2018;
SB: 2017]
ii. There are many villages in our country. [DB: 2019]
iii. But they do not think about our health. [RB: 2019]
Rule-8: Use demonstrative to pre-modify the noun
Note: ….…. + this/ that/ these/ those + noun
For example:
i. People should be refrained from drinking water of those/ these tube wells. [DB:
2029]
ii. On our way to the island, we watched those sea gulls. [CumB: 2016]
iii. To erase that history is not easy because history continues to follow all of us.
[CB:17]
Rule-9: Use quantifier to pre-modify the noun
Note: …..... + some/ many/ much/all/ a lot of/ few/ several etc. + noun
For example:
i. A wide range of programs of varied interest is telecast on many channels. [DB,
DinB, JB, SB: 2018]
ii.There are many/numerous/some/several/ a lot of villages in our country. [DB: 2019]
iii.In fact, all living beings need to take food. [RB: 2019]
Modifier with verb
Rule-1: Post-modify the verb/ Use an adverbial phrase
Note: i. ..... + verb + ..... + adverb +.....
ii. ..... + verb + অেনক েলা শে র সম েয় adverb
For example
i. The Government, the NGOs and the educated section of the society should work
together in this regard. [DinB: 24]
ii. Without trees, the balance of eco-system will be greatly/irreparably lost. [RB: 24]
iii. As a dire consequence, the global temperature is rising alarmingly.
iv. He sang the song of equality throughout his life.
Rule-2: Use an adverb to pre-modify the verb/Pre-modify the verb
Note: …... + adverb + main verb + …...
i. People mainly/ largely depend on agriculture. [DinB: 2019]
ii.They can hardly/ nearly/ merely put their signature in Bengal. [BB: 2019]
iii.This problem is widely/ usually/ nowadays/ generally found in North Bengal. [DB:
2019]
Rule-3: Post-modify the verb with an infinitive phrase
Note: …... + verb +.....+ to + v1 + extension
For example:
i. Most of them agreed with the cunning fox to cut off their tails. [DB: 24]
ii. We can easily engage landless people to plant the saplings and ensure their safe
growth. [DinB: 24]
iii. Man has an inborn curiosity to know the unknown and to see the unseen. [CuB
2024]
Rule-4: Use a participle to post-modify the verb / Use a present participle phrase
Note: ..... + verb +.....+ ing যু verb + extension
For example:
i. Government is trying to mark the tube wells having arsenic painting with red colour.
[DB: 2019]
ii. Eating/ Taking adulterated food, people get sick. [RB: 2019]
iii.We also contaminate water throwing wastes into it. [JB: 2019]
iv. He wrote letters to Kolkata admiring English society. [DB: 2016]
Modifier with adjective
Rule-1:Use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective/ Pre modify the adjective
Note: …. + adverb + adjective + ….
For example:
i. His songs are melodious. [RB, CumB, CB, BB: 2018; SB: 2017]
ii. It is very dangerous for human health. [DB: 2019]
iii.Television programs are very/ greatly entertaining. [DB, DinB, JB, SB: 2018]
iv. Language is ever/ always present in our life. [CB: 2019]
Rule-2: Post-modify the adjective with an infinitive
Note: …. + adjective + to + v1 + ….
For example:
i. Now, we are able to raise/ to explore/ to extract natural gas from underground.
[DinB: 2019]
ii.It is essential for us to lead/ to maintain a healthy life. [CumB: 2017]
Extra Discussion
Rule-1:Use a prepositional phrase
Note: …. + noun + preposition + extension + …
For example:
i.The books cater to the need and interests of the students and teachers. [SB: 2019]
Rule-2:Post-modify the adjective
Note: …. + adjective + enough (উে খ , এে ে adjective –এর পের একমা
“enough”ই adverb িহেসেব বেস।)
For example:
i. Soon it was high enough for the crow to drink. [RB: 2016]
Rule-3:Use a gerund
Note: …. + verb + ing (যা noun- এর সােথ যু থােক বা িনেজই noun হয়) + noun + ….
For example:
i. So, ensuring/ maintaining food safety is a must today. [RB: 2019]
