INDIRA GANDHI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

SAGAR (M.Ρ.)

Session 2024-2025
Minor Project
Report On
“Fire Fighting Robot”
Submitted to the Rajiv Gandhi
Proudygiki Vishwavidyalaya
Bhopal (M.P.)
In Partial Fulfilment of Degree of
Bachelor of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Under the Guidance of submitted to:

Prof. Maniram Ahirwar Prof. A.A. Kujur

& Amit Shivhare H.O.D.
(Dept. of Electronics & comm. Engineering) (Dept. of Electronics & comm
I.G.E.C. Sagar (M.P.) I.G.E.C. Sagar (M.P.)
Submitted By:

Abhishek Dubey(0601EC221002)
Harsh Vishwakarma(0601EC221025)
Hariom Dangi (0601EC221024)
Salvi Kashyap (0601EC221058)
Payal Chaurasiya (0601EC22148)

5th SEMESTER
(Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Indira Gandhi Engineering College Sagar (M.P.)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my gratitude to all those who gave us the possibility to complete this
project. This is one of the best moments of our Degree Program to be publicly acknowledging
those who have contributed in many different ways to make my success a part of their own. The
completion of the project report depends upon the co-operation, coordination and combined
effort of several resources of knowledge, energy and time from various quarters.

I am deeply indebted to our guide Prof. Maniram Ahirwar Sir and also thank him for accepting
me to work under his valuable guidance, closely supervising this work over the past few months
and offering many innovative ideas and helpful suggestions, which lead to the successful
completion of this project. Our sincere thanks also to Prof. Amy Alice Kujur Mam, Head of
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering.

I am especially thankful Dr. Anurag Trivedi Sir, Principal, I.G.E.C. Sagar for their kind co-
operation and rendering all possible facilities.

I am thankful to all staff members of the Department of Electronics & Communication

Engineering and my friends for their timely help, co-operation, and suggestions during my work.
I am also thankful to my batch mates, college library staff for their help and support for the entire
duration of this project.

I would like to thank my parents whose love, teachings, and support have brought me this far.
Submitted By:

Abhishek Dubey(0601EC221002)
Harsh Vishwakarma(0601EC221025)
Hariom Dangi (0601EC221024)
Salvi Kashyap (0601EC221058)
Payal Chaurasiya (0601EC22148)
 INDIRA GANDHI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
SAGAR (M.Ρ.)

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the following document Minor Project Report on

"Firefighting Robot System" is an authentic work done by me. I undertake the
Project report as a part of the course curriculum of Bachelor of Engineering in
Electronics & Communication Engineering from Indira Gandhi Engineering
College, Sagar affiliated by Rajiv Gandhi Praudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal
(MP).

Submitted By:

Abhishek Dubey(0601EC221002)
Harsh Vishwakarma(0601EC221025)
Hariom Dangi (0601EC221024)
Salvi Kashyap (0601EC221058)
Payal Chaurasiya (0601EC22148)
Firefighting Robot Documentation
Index
1. Abstract .................................................. Page 1
2. Introduction ............................................ Page 2
a. Background ............................................... Page 2
b. Objectives ............................................... Page 2
c. Scope of the Project .................................. Page 2
3. Literature Review .................................... Page 3
a. Overview of Firefighting Robots ................... Page 3
b. Existing Technologies ................................ Page 3
c. Challenges and Limitations ......................... Page 3
4. System Design ....................................... Page 4
a. Functional Requirements ............................ Page 4
b. Design Architecture ................................... Page 4
i. Block Diagram ..................................... Page 4
ii. Circuit Diagram ..................................... Page 4
c. Mechanical Design ................................... Page 4
5. Hardware Components ............................ Page 5
a. Microcontroller/Processor .......................... Page 5
b. Sensors ................................................... Page 5
c. Actuators ................................................. Page 5
d. Power Supply .......................................... Page 5
e. Communication Modules ......................... Page 5
6. Software Development ............................. Page 6
a. Programming Language and Tools ........... Page 6
b. Algorithms for Navigation and Fire Detection .. Page 6
c. Control System Logic ................................. Page 6
d. User Interface ........................................... Page 6
7. Implementation ....................................... Page 7
a. Assembly of Components .......................... Page 7
b. Calibration and Testing of Sensors .............. Page 7
c. Integration of Software and Hardware ........ Page 7
8. Performance Evaluation ............................. Page 8
a. Testing Scenarios ..................................... Page 8
b. Results and Analysis .................................. Page 8
c. Comparison with Benchmarks .................... Page 8
9. Challenges and Limitations ......................... Page 9
a. Technical Challenges ................................. Page 9
b. Environmental Constraints ......................... Page 9
c. Cost and Scalability .................................. Page 9

10. Future Scope .......................................... Page 10

a. Improvements in Design ............................ Page 10
b. Integration of AI and Machine Learning .... Page 10
c. Application in Real-world Scenarios .......... Page 10

11. Conclusion ............................................ Page 11

12. References ............................................ Page 12

13. Appendices ............................................ Page 13

a. Code Snippets ........................................ Page 13
b. Detailed Diagrams ................................... Page 13
c. Testing Data ......................................... Page 13
ABSTRACT
Abstract: Firefighting robots are revolutionizing safety by tackling fires in hazardous
environments where human lives are at risk. This project aims to develop an advanced
autonomous or semi-autonomous robot, equipped with state-of-the-art sensors, precise
actuators, and robust control systems. These robots can efficiently detect and extinguish fires,
ensuring rapid response and minimizing damage.

Key Features:

 Sensors: Heat, smoke, and gas detection for precise fire location.
 Actuators: Advanced mechanisms to deploy fire suppressants effectively.
 Control Systems: Autonomous navigation and remote operation capabilities.
 Power Supply: Reliable battery systems for extended operations
2. Introduction
Background

Fire incidents cause severe damage to life and property. Robots can assist in firefighting by
accessing hazardous zones and extinguishing fires without risking human lives.

Objectives

 Detect fire and smoke accurately.

 Navigate autonomously in an indoor environment.
 Extinguish the fire effectively using a built-in system.

Scope of the Project

The project focuses on developing a prototype for small-scale indoor firefighting, primarily
targeting residential and office spaces.

Firefighting robots are designed to assist in firefighting operations, particularly in

hazardous environments where it would be unsafe for human firefighters to
enter.
3. Literature Review
Overview of Firefighting Robots

Firefighting robots are equipped with sensors, control systems, and extinguishing mechanisms.
They are employed in environments unsafe for human firefighters.

Existing Technologies

Current robots use advanced technologies like thermal imaging, water mist systems, and
remote control systems.

Challenges and Limitations

Existing systems face challenges such as limited mobility, sensor inaccuracies, and high costs.

4. System Design
Functional Requirements

 Fire detection capability.

 Autonomous navigation.
  Fire suppression system.

Design Architecture

Block Diagram

A basic block diagram consists of sensors, a microcontroller, actuators, and a power supply.

Circuit Diagram

The circuit integrates flame sensors, temperature sensors, motor drivers, and extinguishing
actuators.

5. Hardware Components
Microcontroller/Processor

A microcontroller like Arduino or Raspberry Pi is used to process sensor data and control
actuators.

Sensors

 Flame Sensors: Detects fire presence.

 Smoke Sensors: Identifies smoke particles.
 Temperature Sensors: Monitors heat levels.
Actuators

 Motors: Drive the robot’s movement.

 Extinguisher System: Operates the fire suppression mechanism.

Power Supply

A rechargeable battery powers the robot.

Communication Modules

(Optional) Wireless communication modules enable remote control.

6. Software Development
Programming Language and Tools

The robot is programmed using languages like C++ or Python, with tools like Arduino IDE.

Algorithms for Navigation and Fire Detection

The software includes obstacle avoidance algorithms and sensor data processing for fire
detection.

Control System Logic

The logic integrates sensor readings to navigate toward the fire and activate the extinguisher
system.

User Interface

A basic interface (if applicable) enables remote monitoring and control.

7. Implementation
Assembly of Components

All components are assembled on a robot chassis with proper wiring and connections.

Calibration and Testing of Sensors

Sensors are calibrated to ensure accuracy in fire detection and environmental monitoring.

Integration of Software and Hardware

The robot’s software and hardware are integrated for seamless operation.
8. Performance Evaluation
Testing Scenarios

The robot is tested in controlled environments with simulated fire and smoke.

Results and Analysis

Performance is analyzed based on accuracy, response time, and extinguishing capability.

Comparison with Benchmarks

Results are compared with industry standards and similar prototypes.

9. Challenges and Limitations

Technical Challenges

 Sensor malfunctions in extreme environments.

 Navigation issues in cluttered spaces.
Environmental Constraints

Performance may be affected by high humidity or complex layouts.

Cost and Scalability

Prototypes may be cost-effective but scaling up can increase expenses.

10. Future Scope

Improvements in Design

Enhance mobility, sensor accuracy, and extinguishing efficiency.

Integration of AI and Machine Learning

Use AI for advanced fire detection, path planning, and decision-making.

Application in Real-world Scenarios

Adapt robots for industrial use, forest fires, and large-scale disasters.
11. Conclusion
The firefighting robot prototype demonstrates the potential to assist in fire management. With
further improvements, it can serve as a reliable tool in hazardous environments.
12. References
1. Research papers on firefighting robots.
2. Sensor and actuator datasheets.
3. Industry standards for fire management robots.
13. Appendices
Code Snippets

Includes source code for the robot’s operation.

Detailed Diagrams

Provides block and circuit diagrams for reference.

Testing Data

Documents results from various testing scenarios.