Formula List

TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
❖ GENERAL SOLUTION:
1) If sin θ = sin α ❖ HALF ANGLE FORMULAE:
Then θ = nπ + (-1)n α, where n ϵ Z 17) Semi-perimeter 𝐬 =
𝐚+𝐛+𝐜
𝟐

2) If cos θ = cos α
𝐀 (𝐒−𝐛)(𝐒−𝐜)
Then θ = 2nπ ± α, where n ϵ Z 18) 𝐬𝐢𝐧 = √
𝟐 𝐛𝐜

3) tan θ = tan α
𝐁 (𝐒−𝐚)(𝐒−𝐜)
then θ = nπ + α, where n ϵ Z 19) 𝐬𝐢𝐧 = √
𝟐 𝐚𝐜

4) sin θ = 0
𝐂 (𝐬−𝐚)(𝐬−𝐛)
then θ = nπ, where n ϵ Z 20) 𝐬𝐢𝐧 = √
𝟐 𝐚𝐛

5) cos θ = 0
𝛑 𝐀 𝐬 (𝐬−𝐚)
then θ = (2n + 1) 𝟐 , where n ϵ Z 21) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 = √
𝟐 𝐛𝐜

6) tan θ = 0 𝐁 𝐬 (𝐬−𝐛)
then θ = nπ, where n ϵ Z 22) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 = √
𝟐 𝐚𝐜

7) sin2 θ = sin2 α 𝐂 𝐬 (𝐬−𝐜)

then θ = nπ ± α, where n ϵ Z 23) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 = √
𝟐 𝐚𝐛

8) cos2 θ = cos2 α 𝐀 (𝐬−𝐛)(𝐬−𝐜)

then θ = nπ ± α, where n ϵ Z 24) 𝐭𝐚𝐧 = √
𝟐 𝐬 (𝐬−𝐚)

9) tan2 θ = tan2 α 𝐁 (𝐬−𝐚)(𝐬−𝐜)

then θ = nπ ± α, where n ϵ Z 25) 𝐭𝐚𝐧 = √
𝟐 𝐬 (𝐬−𝐛)

❖ SINE RULE: 26) 𝐭𝐚𝐧

𝐂
= √
(𝐬−𝐚)(𝐬−𝐛)
𝐚 𝐛 𝐜 𝟐 𝐬 (𝐬−𝐜)
10) = = = 𝟐𝐑
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐁 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐂

❖ AREA OF TRIANGLE:
❖ COSINE RULE: 27)
𝐛𝟐 + 𝐜 𝟐 − 𝐚𝟐 𝟏
11) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀 = I. 𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 = 𝐛𝐜 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀
𝟐𝐛𝐜 𝟐

𝐚𝟐 + 𝐜 𝟐 − 𝐛𝟐 𝟏
12) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐁 = II. 𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 = 𝐚𝐜 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐁
𝟐𝐚𝐜 𝟐

𝐚𝟐 + 𝐛𝟐 − 𝐜 𝟐 𝟏
13) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐂 = III. 𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 = 𝐚𝐛 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐂
𝟐𝐚𝐛 𝟐

❖ PROJECTION RULES:
14) a = b cos C + c cos B 28) heron’s formula
𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 = √𝐬 (𝐬 − 𝐚)(𝐬 − 𝐛)(𝐬 − 𝐜),
15) b = a cos C + c cos A

16) c = a cos B + b cos A

❖ INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC
42) cos-1(-x) = π - cos-1 x
FUNCTIONS:
43) tan-1(-x) = - tan-1 x

44) cot-1(-x) = π – cot-1 x

45) sec-1(-x) = π – sec-1 x

46) cosec-1(-x) = - cosec-1 x

❖ MIYA, BIWI, 90:

𝛑
47) sin-1 x + cos-1 x = 𝟐

𝛑
48) tan-1 x + cot-1 x = 𝟐

𝛑
49) sec-1 x + cosec-1 x = 𝟐
❖ JAANI DUSHMAN:

𝛑 𝛑 ❖ Tan-1 SPECIAL FORMULAE:

29) sin-1(sin x) = x, x ϵ [− 𝟐 , ] 𝒙+𝒚
𝟐
50) 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 𝒙 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝒚 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 (𝟏− 𝒙𝒚)
30) cos-1(cos x) = x, x ϵ [0, π] where x > 0, y > 0, xy < 1

𝛑 𝛑 𝒙+𝒚
31) tan-1(tan x) = x, x ϵ (− 𝟐 , ) OR = 𝝅 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 (𝟏− 𝒙𝒚)
𝟐
where x > 0, y > 0, xy > 1
32) cot-1(cot x) = x, x ϵ (0, π)
𝒙−𝒚
51) 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 𝒙 − 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝒚 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 (𝟏+ 𝒙𝒚) OR
𝛑
33) sec-1(sec x) = x, x ϵ [𝟎, 𝛑] − {𝟐} where x > 0, y > 0

𝛑 𝛑
34) cosec-1(cosec x) = x, x ϵ [− 𝟐 , ] − {𝟎}
𝟐

❖ ULTA FULTA: **********

𝟏
35) cosec-1 (𝒙) = sin-1 x

𝟏
36) sec-1(𝒙) = cos-1 x

𝟏
37) cot-1(𝒙) = tan-1 x

𝟏
38) tan-1(𝒙) = cot-1 x

𝟏
39) cos-1(𝒙) = sec-1 x

𝟏
40) sin-1 (𝒙) = cosec-1 x

41) sin-1(-x) = - sin-1 x