merical Methods and Com,
wnsforms, Nut Pe
Laplace Tr
278
so. AX = (xh) -x? =(r-
Also Ak ce ne nee (r=Dh]
= (ehh) x (eM =
oe —x-(r-D A
eee Cup
=r)
-D)
Similarly, a2(a)"
r
AN) = mh”
Note : 1. fis an integer grenter tian pret them = 2 D=
2. For factorial notation, operator A is analogous to operator D. Hence
wy 1
(oy ieee
Example 1 : Prove that E
AO EV =A=VE (i SE! =A Gi) HD=log(1+ A) =—log(1—A) =sntyg
i 252 ay 1 = Now
(py) ur =(e32") ©) Bausts OD Eben
(i) panae An 5 L
ZOE! +54 (i) A= 38 +B)
| (@) VA=a-V=8 8) (+V)l-v)=1 Fron
7 al. Cee
! Gi) W=LA+V) Gt) Cee CLAP 44
0) psd
Solution: ( (EV), = E(Vp,
(He Han)
=Eu,- Eu, =
oo Has Hy = Any
j Also (VE), = V(Eut,) =Vh,,, =
be 1) = Vitek = Hee ~My =
| = VE=A tat 6% Sy
] Hence EV=A=VE a
| 4 iy 1
-E = oS
| Mest = Hash Hy = Ap, De (17) Interpolation
}
(iit) We know that e!? = p14.
Taking logarithm on both sides we get
Weg e= lott 4) = AD =tog+.a) iS
Also V=1- 5-1 =Et=1-y
fe, e™? = (1 ¥). Taking logarithms on both sides, we. get
hl =loR(1—V) > AD =—log-v) 2)
Also we have
2. [eke
acer ee 8
WD = sinh""(us) @)
stor D. i ‘
Hance 0 lu 8) -Iog-A) oh) from (),0)& 0)
io) 14128 14 PXE* | ox py,
: lr }
jaar E=E Ese
(EF) ea or (1)
log(1—A) = sinha)
(2)
279
Ty
a
ie Methods and Comply y,
ra
() avaQ-F ED = EHET-2-E
BLE'=2=8 3, VASA-V=8°
Also 4~
[eASE-LV=1-E']
(@) deayt-v)=All-G-E))=2E'=1
1
Gd Jasyasle-HH EI (B-E")= 16
(xi) We know that E=1+A )
(E12 +E V2)(14 0)!” = (EY? + EV)? using (1) é
al? gl? 4p? Bl? A? sin(px + 4) = 2
E+1=(1+4)-+1, using (1)
: + -|
[Example 2 : Prove that V=1- £7! [INTU (K) Dec. 2016 (Set Nal
os PI 1
Solution : We have Vy, = YY Note: 1f h=3.1
byt
This shows that the operators V and E~ (inverse shift operator) are connected
symbolic relation V=1-E! or B= (1-V)!
) tan = tan
Note : Prove that al = tan”
Sol. We have Ay, = Yosh —Ye = EY, — Pa = (B-D0s
inet
. goes 4 = tan”
Example 3 : Find A(e* logbx)_ [INTUCR) Feb. 2014, 2015 Set
By ee,
Solution: (6 logix) =e log (6(<+h))~ 4 logis etd gocern
=e ell log (bx + bh) —e™ logy = elas
= [4 log (bx + bh) —log br]
Alternate Method : Apply the property
AL/()gQ)]= (+ f).Ag(x) + 8()4F(%) (Refer Example 7) 3 and Complex.
Say
ey
281
cing. Then
Yin
sin using cosC cos formula
fae
cD)
(2) = log f+) — log J) = ve 8 i
ip sees logIoge- lox]
afta)
a
ip Sse +a) = sin p(x +1) + a) —sin p+ 0)
ah) ah +
=2.0s{ m+ q+ Hsin Bt [sinc-sind =2608 5?
c 2
Dh in ( 2 ph)
= 2sinPAsin( Es pe +g+ 2
maltese)
Satpeg)=2sin Ba] sn( rer a+ 416+ 70)]
PHY sin( peg 2 Ltx+ pt)
[asin] sin[ prt a+? ph)
GR ee 2016 (Set N02 :
=x, find A? sin (px+4)
Ye
ator) are connected by HBB) juan hy = tan I(x + A) — tan!
sens | ar(22)|
Cont) | et tan y= LT
Ire i is
stay] —* |
Tren]
eee
0)
ony cenrsins)
‘ stat)
NC
i
amigos
eri ome?
= ofarrb(eth 1)
Meh
using(
= At, Aho
Given f(x) = e*, wehave f(x +h) = e%*").
Here, h is the step size and ,, =x, +h
We have to show that A” f(x) = (e —1)",
This can be proved by mathematical induction,
First we shall prove that this is true for n = 1,
(ec — thot = oth, 0% — ot _ gahtar _ gax
= eH) — oA = F(x +) f(x) = AS (x) on
é ryt ny £%) nat
ve the result is true for nm =]
ye problem 8 tue for n
aes SUF) = ATV 1) ayy
Ba, Dee eth aye
=e? Ee a
al : mes | = enn IM! feartah
e%* = 19"! [ea (ga eee i - “1
a(t I oe a eh ay ge
are = ("De -
FINTU 2003) onding to first forward difference, (4) = de -4
eA = SAS _ Sin =f) filBins = 81)
Noa 88h
= Sifiss = 8ifi = Ain + BA _ Sif = F8inr
Bi -Bis1 Bi -8ist
= Sifin _ Agi fi fi
BS S-Bi Bia Bi
e ie — Si Afi = fA
gi B)-Bisi
Wy Neknow that Af, = fis ~ Si
tM = fin — SP = Sins +A) ier - 0
shan + (af [= 2-0 =(@-bie+))
af differencing is unity prove that .
et 1) (+2) +3). > NTU 2008 et Nod},
(41) @ +2) @*3)- Then '
bot H@+2 a+31-fe+) Here
Then we have
Aho nge+ 2y@r+3)]= (e+) @ +)
= (ctl) +2
ox+1) +243)
e+ — Vie
ye one ae
+3)[xt 4-4]
aye aE
Jew Haag
Aug +
eee ae
4
A
oe
yao
aco Transfor™S: numerical Methods and Complex
e iiss Veg ator
t
peeks ee me veto!
oe ae, 0 we fo
ce(ues eo ak oa. Je
x
ri ari a
2!
reaes
edt iy =e Mo [
a ettSuy =e"? Ho
Gee Jv
(ute Eo
ii 2! 3! s
Be ia Ba
Be Bi Bug aE
p +B + FB + Pla +
Solution
;
cigs tt
HW 3r =
>
Sy,
[: By, = Yen BN =I20E Ve = Ira |
BX, =Yuamor "F(a =f(r4nh) |
Solution : nae =x) (I-2x7) (32°) (1-43"*))
=A 2) 3) x" i
ae ) x!” + terms containing powers of x less than 10) cere i RR
6B + 6 WD
0
7-6 %* 15y,— 20y, + 15y3~ 6%, * 94
0,49, ~ 602 +99) +1505 +99) = 20y,=0
= -184 —6 (686) + 15 (1088) — 20 y,= 0, using given data
184 — 4116 + 16320-20y,= => 11420 -20y,= 0
st order divided difference between *0
_ fee) = feo)
A= Yo
4%
_ Sls) = fo)
%-%
etnd=u ba) ty,
m-%
Jv [9.1] + # [09%
y ~%0
boi]
vfs Bol
7%
sfos)=vhco , ar)=H420) 5)
os
Jv fal = ae Lplace Transforms, Numerical Methods and Complex my
fu Blvd =m Gol # Bol #4 EAI 77 ae
ff
% ~ Xo
tot" Lo]. Evol}
\ 5%
“ =-—L [pnt fll] = fl %i)
%
x
NTU mag
sisuaie| AY
E ~/ gxample 17:
Solution: 432 =(x+h)® -3°
Gal (x—f)] = x(2h) = 2h
fp in a factorial notation and hence
2) =(x+h)x—x(x-h)
Solution : Let y= 2x? 3x7 +3x—10
= 2x(x—1(x—2) + Bx(x—1) +Cx+D
Putting x=0,-10=D
Putting x=1,2-3+3-10=C+D
§-D=-8+10=
roe e 2,16-12+6-10=2B+2C+D
Seac-p)= 5-419 =3
Hence y=2x(x-Ie—2)+3x(r-1)+2x-10 = 213) +3[x} +2[x]-10
Qn HxP? +3x2Ax]+2. A?y = 6x Ix] +6,4",
2x4 1209 + 24x? -303+9,
= 24) +x 4 ox) pax 49
= 2x(x—Ir—2)(x—3) + bx(x—1)(x-2) + ex(x-1) + de +9
2x4 1200 +243? 30x49
where a,b,c are constants to be determined,
Put x=1 in (1), Then we get -7=4+9-a=-16
Put x=2 in (1), Then we get 2(16) ~12(8) +24(4) -30(2)+9 =2¢+2d+9
= 32-96+96-60 = 28-32
=c=4 e3in (1). Then we get b=—2 289
: yor? = 2x9) 44x — 16x)
Ci asta) = 8x9) 6x
seer =12x +8
soy=8s-12
‘o1-v [xy]}
+9 (Substituting the values of b, c,d in(1))
) 48x 1640
stya)=48
the difference between interpolation and extrapolation?
pplications of interpolation ?
1 difference table.
tthe operators A,V,E,E7. Prove that E=1+4.
erators E,8,n and show that wale,
J-10
ne eles)
prove that A= "Geel
[yNTU 2008 (Set No.4}
of differencing is unity.
nial x*—12° + 42x? -30x+9-
ce of the polyno!
42230349 with interval
JyNTU 2008 (Set No-2)T
-[)+de+9
jal x4 120° +
ce of the polyno™!
+2d+9
