Assignment - 1 (Part-2)
THEORY OF ELASTICITY - ME 620
August 9, 2025
Indian Institute of Technology Goa
1. Show the following identities:
(a) (a ⊗ b − b ⊗ a)u = u × (a × b)
(b) T (a ⊗ b) = (T a) ⊗ b
(3)
2. Given that Tij = 2µEij + λEkk δij , show that:
(a) W = 12 Tij Eij = µEij Eij + λ2 (Ekk )2
(b) P = Tij Tij = 4µ2 Eij Eij + (Ekk )2 (4µλ + 3λ2 )
(3)
3. Prove the following, given that T is an arbitrarily chosen tensor of order 2:
(a) If S is a symmetric, second-order tensor, then S : T = S : T T = S : 12 (T + T T ).
(b) If W is a skew-symmetric, second-order tensor, then W : T = −W : T T = W : 12 (T − T T ).
(3)
4. Determine the principal directions (eigenvectors) and principal values (eigenvalues) of second order
tensor T whose matrix representation is
3 −1 0
[Tij ] = −1 3 0
0 0 1
(2)
5. Determine the transformation matrix relating the orthonormal basis vectors (e1 , e2 , e3 ) and (e′1 , e′2 , e′3 )
when e′i is given by:
(a) e′1 is along the vector e1 − e2 + e3 and e′2 is perpendicular to the plane 2x1 + 3x2 + x3 − 5 = 0
(−e1 + e2 + 2e3 )
(b) e′1 is along the line segment connecting point (1, −1, 3) to (2, −2, 4) and e′3 = √
6
(2)
6. Determine the components of the tensor T that transforms any vector a into a vector b = (a · n)m,
√ √
where m = (e1 + e2 )/ 2 and n = (e1 − e3 )/ 2. Write the tensor T as a dyadic product.
1
(3)
7. Determine the components of the tensor D that transforms any vector a into a vector b = a + a × g,
√
where g = (e1 + e2 − e3 )/ 3.
(2)
8. Let A, B, C be arbitrary second order tensors. Show that
A : (B C) = (B T A) : C = (A C T ) : B
(2)
9. Use indicial notation to prove:
(a) ∇ · x = 3
(b) ∇ × x = 0
(c) a · ∇x = a
where x is the position vector and a is a constant vector.
(3)
10. Prove the following identities, involving scalar field ξ and η, vector fields u and v, and tensor field
T , using indicial notatation:
(a) ∇(ξη) = (∇ξ)η + η(∇ξ)
(b) ∇2 (ξη) = ξ∇2 η + η∇2 ξ + 2∇ξ · ∇η.
(c) ∇ · (ξu) = (∇ξ) · u + ξ(∇ · u)
(d) div(T v) = (div T T ) · v + T : (∇v)T .
(e) ∇(u · v) = (∇u)T v + (∇v)T u
(f) ∇ × (∇ × u) = ∇(∇ · u) − ∇2 u
1
(g) u × (∇ × u) = ∇(u · u) − u.∇u
2
(7)
