C 1100CHT305122103 Pages: 4

Reg No.:_______________ Name:__________________________

APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Fifth Semester B.Tech Degree Examination December 2021 (2019 scheme)

Course Code: CHT305

Course Name: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING
Max. Marks: 100 Duration: 3 Hours
(2019 – Scheme)
PART A
(Answer all questions; each question carries 3 marks) Marks

1 Differentiate elementary and non-elementary reactions. 3

2 The rate constants of a certain reaction are and (s-1) at 3
10°C and 30°C. Calculate the activation energy, E?
3 Discuss and compare plug flow reactor and continuous stirred tank reactor with 3
relevant points.
4 Define (a) Space time and (b) Holding time. 3
5 Define recycle ratio and mention its significance. 3
6 A process plant has two mixed reactors of unequal size for producing a specified 3
product that forms by homogeneous first order reaction. How should these
reactors be connected to achieve a maximum production rate?
7 Define standard heat of reaction (ΔH°R) and how it is calculated from ΔH°f? 3
Mention the significance of (ΔH°R).
8 Define equilibrium state and mention the important characteristics of chemical 3
equilibrium.
9 State any four reasons for the non-ideality in real reactors. 3
10 Define residence time distribution (E) and list the desirable properties of a tracer 3
used in RTD studies?
PART B
(Answer one full question from each module, each carries 14 marks)

Module -1
11 a) The first order homogeneous gaseous phase reaction is studied in an 7
isothermal batch reactor at 2 atm pressure with 20 mole % inerts present, and the
volume increases by 60% in 20 min. If the same reaction is carried out in a
constant volume reactor, determine the time required for the pressure to reach 8
atm if the initial pressure is 5 atm, 2 atm of which consists of inerts?

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 1100CHT305122103

b) Derive an expression for concentration-time relationships for the irreversible 7

unimolecular type first order reactions in parallel and series.
12 a) A liquid phase reaction proceeds as follows 7

Time, 0 36 65 100 160 ∞

min
CA, 0.1823 0.1453 0.1216 0.1025 0.0795 0.0494
mol/l

With CA0= 0.1823mol/l, CR0= 0 and CS0= 55mol/l, Find the rate expression for
this reaction.
b) Explain the procedure for the analysis of data by differential method for a varying 7
volume reaction system and for a constant density system
Module -2
13 a) Derive the design equation for plug flow reactor for a constant density system and 7
varying volume reaction system.
b) Assuming a stoichiometry for a first order gas phase reaction, the size 7
(volume) of a plug flow reactor for 99% conversion of pure A is calculated to be
32 litres. In fact, however the reaction stoichiometry is . With this
corrected stoichiometry, what is the required volume of the reactor?
14 a) Derive the design equation for mixed flow reactor for a constant density system 7
and varying volume reaction system.
b) Find the rate equation for the gas phase decomposition occurring 7
isothermally in a mixed flow reactor from the following data. XA values are given
for CA0= 0.002 mol/l

Run number 1 2 3 4 5
τ based on inlet feed 0.423 5.10 13.5 44 192
conditions in seconds
XA 0.22 0.63 0.75 0.88 0.96
Module -3
15 a) Derive the performance equations/ relationships for the steady state ideal flow 7
reactors of different types in series with neat model graphs.
b) Derive the performance equation for the recycle plug flow reactor 7
16 a) Reactant A with CA0 = 26 mol/m3 passes in steady state flow through 7
four equal size mixed flow reactors in series (τtotal= 2 min). When the steady state

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 1100CHT305122103

is achieved the concentration of A is found to be 11, 5, 2 and 1 mol/m3 in the four

units. For this reaction, what must be the τplug so as to reduce CA from CA0 =26 to
CAf = 1 mol/m3?
b) Laboratory measurements of rate as a function of conversion for isothermal 7
gaseous decomposition A ↔ 3B (reversible reaction) are given below. The data
was collected at 149°C and total presure of 10 atm with the initial charge an
equimolar mixture of A and inerts.
XA (-rA), mol/(l.s)
0 0.0053
0.10 0.0052
0.20 0.0050
0.30 0.0045
0.40 0.0040
0.50 0.0033
0.60 0.0025
0.70 0.0018
0.80 0.00125
0.85 0.00100

(i) Find out the total volume of two CSTRs in series necessary to achieve 80%
overall conversion of A entering the reactor system if the conversion of A in
first CSTR is 50%?
(ii) Find out the total volume of two plug flow reactors in series necessary to
achieve 80% overall conversion of A entering the reactor system if the
conversion of A in first PFR is 50%?
The volumetric flow rate to each sequence will be 6 l/s
Module -4
17 a) A first order liquid phase reaction is carried out in a mixed flow reactor. The 7
concentration of reactant in feed is 3 kmol/m3 and volumetric flow rate is
m3/s. The density and specific heat of reaction mixture are constant at
kg/m3 and J/ (kg. K) respectively. The volume of reactor is
m3. The reactor operates adiabatically. If feed enters at 298K, what are
steady state conversions and temperatures in the product stream?

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 1100CHT305122103

Take ΔHR = -2.09

and rate = 4.48 exp ( ) kmol/(m3.s)

C is the concentration of reactant. T is in K and E is in J/mol.

b) Derive the energy balance equation for adiabatic operations of reactors 7
18 a) The elementary liquid phase reaction is carried out in a mixed flow 7
reactor. An equal molar feed in A and B enters the reactor at 27°C and the
volumetric flow rate is 2 l/s . Calculate the volume of the reactor to achieve 85%
conversion when the reaction is carried out adiabatically.
Standard heat of formation at 25oC, ΔH°f for A = - 20 kcal/mol, for B = - 15
kcal/mol and for C= - 41 kcal/mol
Initial concentration of A, CA0 = 0.10 kmol/m3,
Specific heats CpA = CpB = 15cal/(mol. K), CpC = 30 cal/(mol.K)

k = 0.01( ) at 300K

E= 10000 cal/mol
b) Explain optimum temperature progression with suitable model graphs 7
Module -5
19 a) Explain the pulse tracer experiment to characterize the non ideality of chemical 7
reactors and derive the expression for residence time distribution E.
b) The data given below represent a continuous response to a pulse input into a 7
closed vessel which is to be used as a chemical reactor. Calculate the mean
residence time of fluid in the vessel ̅, and tabulate and construct E curve
t, min 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
C pulse, g/l (tracer
output concentration) 0 3 5 5 4 2 1 0

20 a) Describe step tracer experiment and derive the relationship between residence 7
time distribution E(t) and cumulative distribution function F(t).
b) Explain the following models for non-ideal flow (i) Dispersion model (ii) Tank 7
in series model
***

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 01
C Pages: 3
1100CHT305122201

Reg No.:_______________ Name:__________________________

APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Fifth Semester B.Tech Degree Regular and Supplementary Examination December 2022 (2019 Scheme)

Course Code: CHT 305

Course Name: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING
Max. Marks: 100 Duration: 3 Hours

PART A
(Answer all questions; each question carries 3 marks) Marks

1 For a certain nth order reaction A→R, on doubling the concentration of reactant, 3
the rate of reaction triples. Find the reaction order.
2 Differentiate between elementary and non-elementary reactions, with examples. 3
3 Determine the fractional change in volume for the reaction A→3R starting with 3
60% A and 40 % inerts.
4 Define space time and space velocity. 3
5 Discuss on recycle reactor and recycle ratio. 3
6 Explain the significance of Damkohler number in the reactor performance. 3
7 Explain how can we maintain isothermal condition in a non-isothermal batch 3
reactor.
8 Explain heat of reaction, and how can it be calculated from heat of formation. 3
9 Discuss any three reasons for the non-ideality in real reactors. 3
10 Explain macro fluids and microfluids. 3
PART B
(Answer one full question from each module, each question carries 14 marks)

Module -1
11 a) The primary reaction occurring in homogeneous decomposition of nitrous oxide is 7
found to be
1
𝑁2 𝑂 → 𝑁2 + 𝑂2
2
1𝑘 [𝑁2 𝑂]2
with a rate −𝑟𝑁2𝑂 = 1+𝑘
2 [𝑁2 𝑂]

Device a mechanism to explain the observed rate.

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01
1100CHT305122201

b) Derive the concentration-time equation for the irreversible second order reaction 7
2𝐴 → 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑠, using integral method
12 a) The following kinetic data are obtained in a constant volume batch reactor at 7
273 K using pure gaseous A.
Time, min 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Partial pressure of A (mm Hg) 760 600 475 390 320 275 240 215
The stoichiometry of the decomposition of A is: 𝐴 → 2.5 𝑆. Find a rate equation
which will satisfactorily fits the data.
b) Define autocatalytic reaction. Develop the expression for autocatalytic reactions 7
by integral method of analysis.
Module -2
13 a) Derive the performance equation for a plug flow reactor. 7
b) A high molecular weight hydrocarbon stream A is continuously fed to a mixed 7
flow reactor, where it thermally cracks into lower molecular materials, collectively
called R, as per the stoichiometry 𝐴 → 5𝑅. It is a homogeneous gas phase reaction.
Different extents of cracking obtained by varying the feed rate to the reactor are as
follows.
FAo, millimole/h 300 1000 3000 5000
CAout, millimole/litre 16 30 50 60
The reactor volume is V= 0.1 litre, and the feed concentration at the temperature
of the reactor is CA0= 100 millimole/litre. Find a rate equation which satisfactorily
represents the cracking reaction.
14 a) In an isothermal batch reactor, the conversion of a liquid reactant A is 70% in 13 7
minutes. Find the space time and space velocity necessary to effect this conversion
in a plug flow reactor and in a mixed flow reactor. Consider first order reaction
kinetics.
b) The elementary first-order gas phase reaction 𝐴 → 𝐷 is carried out in an isothermal 7
reactor. The Damkohler number, Da of the reactor is 4. Find the conversion of A
(i) If the reactor is a plug flow reactor.
(ii) If the reactor is a mixed flow reactor.
Module -3
15 a) Explain the graphical method of determining the conversion in the case of unequal 7
sized mixed flow reactors connected in series.

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1100CHT305122201

b) At present, the conversion is 66.67% for an elementary second order reaction 7

2𝐴 → 2𝑅 , when operating in an isothermal PFR with a recycle ratio of 2.
Determine the conversion if the recycle stream is shut off.
16 a) Explain the quantitative treatment of product distribution in a mixed flow reactor 8
and plug flow reactor for parallel reactions.
b) Evaluate the performance of two equal sized mixed flow reactors in series for 6
carrying out a first order reaction.
Module -4
17 a) Explain optimum temperature progression with suitable model graphs. 7
b) Derive the mass and energy balance equations for an adiabatic mixed flow reactor. 7
18 a) Outline the general graphical design procedure for single reactions in non- 6
isothermal reactors.
b) Derive the mass and energy balance equations for a non-adiabatic plug flow 8
reactor.
Module -5
19 a) Write a short note on Dispersion model. 7
b) The data given below represent a continuous response to a pulse input into a closed 7
vessel which is to be used as a chemical reactor. Calculate the mean residence time
of fluid in the vessel 𝑡̅, and tabulate and construct E curve.
t, min 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Cpulse, g/liter 0 3 5 5 4 2 1 0

20 a) Describe step tracer experiment and derive the relationship between residence 7
time distribution E(t) and cumulative distribution function F(t).
b) A sample of the tracer hytane at 313 K was injected as a pulse to a closed vessel 7
which is to be used as a chemical reactor. The effluent concentration was measured
as a function of time, and resulting in the data shown in table.
t, min 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
C, g/m3 0 1 5 8 10 8 6 4 3 2.2 1.5
Construct the C and E curves and determine the fraction of material leaving the
vessel that has spent between 3 and 6 min.
***

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 C 1100100CHT305122202 Pages: 4

Reg No.:_______________ Name:__________________________

APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Fifth Semester B.Tech Degree Regular and Supplementary Examination December 2023 (2019 Scheme)

Course Code: CHT 305

Course Name: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING

Max. Marks: 100 Duration: 3 Hours

PART A
(Answer all questions; each question carries 3 marks) Marks

1 Define reaction rate, rate constant, molecularity and order of a reaction. 3

2 Explain pseudo steady state hypothesis and write its applications. 3
3 Compare and contrast the ideal steady state flow reactors 3
4 Define space time and space velocity. 3
5 Explain instantaneous fractional yield and selectivity. 3
6 Explain the significance of Damkohler number in the reactor performance. 3
7 Explain autocatalytic reactions with examples. 3
8 Describe product distribution of multiple reaction in non-isothermal reaction with 3
respect to change in temperature.
9 List the desirable properties of a tracer used in RTD studies 3
10 Explain Dispersion number. What is its significance. 3
PART B
(Answer one full question from each module, each question carries 14 marks)

Module -1
11 a) At 500 K, the rate of a bimolecular reaction is 10 times the rate at 400 K. 7
Determine (i) the activation energy of the reaction from Arrhenius law and
collision theory, (ii) the percentage difference in the rate of reaction at 600 K,
predicted by above theories.
b) The reaction between CO and NO2 is found to be 7
𝑘
𝐶𝑂 + 𝑁𝑂2 → 𝑁𝑂 + 𝐶𝑂2
with a rate −𝑟𝑁𝑂2 = 𝑘[𝑁𝑂2 ]2
Suggest a mechanism to explain the observed rate.

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 1100100CHT305122202

12 a) Reactant A decomposes in a batch reactor as follows 7

𝐴 → 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑠
The composition of A in the reactor is measured at various times with results
shown in table below.
Time, s 0 20 40 60 120 180 300
CA, mol/liter 10 8 6 5 3 2 1
Find a rate equation to represent the data using differential method.
b) Derive the concentration-time equation for testing the irreversible bimolecular 7
second order reaction using integral method.
Module -2
13 a) Pure gaseous A at about 3 atm and 30 oC is fed to a mixed flow reactor of one liter 7
volume at various flow rates. In the reactor, it decomposes, and the exit
concentration of A is measured at each flow rate. A decomposes as per the reaction
𝐴 → 3𝑅 with CA0= 120 milli mol /litre. Find a rate equation to represent the
kinetics of decomposition of A from the following data.
v0, litre/min 0.06 0.48 1.5 8.1
CA, milli mol/litre 30 60 80 105
b) Derive the performance equation for an ideal batch reactor for constant density and 7
variable density systems.
14 a) The homogeneous gas phase decomposition of phosphine 7
4𝑃𝐻3 (𝑔) → 𝑃4 (𝑔) + 6𝐻2
proceeds at 649 oC with the first-order rate
−𝑟𝑃𝐻3 = (10/ℎ𝑟) 𝐶𝑃𝐻3
What size of plug flow reactor operating at 649°C and 460 kPa can produce 80%
conversion of a feed consisting of 40 mol of pure phosphine per hour?
b) Derive the performance equation for a mixed flow reactor. Show that, for the same 7
conversion, the volume required for a mixed flow reactor will be greater than that
of a plug flow reactor for all positive nth order reactions
Module -3
15 a) A homogeneous liquid-phase reaction, 8
𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝐴 + 𝐵 → 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑠, −𝑟𝐴 = (100 𝑚𝑜𝑙.𝑚𝑖𝑛)𝐶𝐴 𝐶𝐵

is to take place in a reactor. Under the following conditions

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 1100100CHT305122202

Volumetric feed rate, υ0= 1 liter/min

Concentrations of the reactants in feed, CA0 =CB0= 0.05 mol/liter
(i) Calculate the fractional conversion, if a plug flow reactor with volume of
the reactor, V= 2 liters is employed
(ii) Calculate the fractional conversion, if two mixed flow reactors with
volume of one litre each are employed
b) Evaluate the performance of two equal sized mixed flow reactors in series for 6
carrying out a first order homogeneous liquid phase reaction.
16 a) Derive the performance equation of a recycle reactor and graphically represent the 8
performance equation.
b) Derive the condition for optimum recycle ratio in a recycle reactor 6
Module -4
17 a) Derive energy balance equations for an adiabatic flow reactor. State the 7
assumptions
b) For the elementary aqueous phase reversible reaction 7
AR
ΔGo298 = -14 kJ/mol,
ΔHo298 = -60.2 kJ/mol
Specific heats CpA = CpR = 75 kJ/mol.
Derive the expression relating equilibrium conversion and temperature

18 a) Derive the mass and energy balance equations for non-adiabatic mixed flow 7
reactor. State the assumptions
b) Explain optimum temperature progression with suitable model graphs. 7
Module -5
19 a) A sample of tracer was injected as pulse into a reactor and the effluent 7
concentration is measured as a function of time. The data collected is given below.
t, min 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
C, g/m3 0 1 5 8 10 8 6 4 3 2.2 1.5
Construct C curve and E curve and determine the fraction of material leaving the
reactor that has spent between 6.75 and 7.25 minutes in the vessel.

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 1100100CHT305122202

b) Explain the pulse tracer experiment to characterize the non ideality of chemical 7
reactors and derive the expression for residence time distribution E.
20 The data given below represent a continuous response to a pulse input into a closed 14
vessel which is to be used as a chemical reactor.
t, min 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Cpulse, g/liter 0 3 5 5 4 2 1 0

Construct E curve and find the number of ideal CSTRs in tanks in series model.
***

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