Milpark Reference Guide

Introduction

At Milpark, you will be expected to compile and submit various documents for tuition
and assessment purposes. In preparing for and compiling these documents, you will
need to consult, read, review, analyse, debate and paraphrase information from
various sources.

Each time you refer to an idea, concept, theory, model or explanation (from an
information source), you need to identify and acknowledge the source – both in the
text of your document and in a reference list at the end. The practice of acknowledging
sources is known as referencing.

You must provide a reference whenever you quote, paraphrase or summarise

someone else’s ideas, models, theories or data. You must also reference any graphic
information (such as graphs, pictographs, tables, illustrations etc.).

Not acknowledging other people’s work is intellectually dishonest, illegal and an act of
fraud. We refer to this act of dishonesty as plagiarism.

Plagiarism

Whenever you produce written work, such as assignments or answers to exam

questions, you must differentiate between your own ideas and those of others. You
must distinguish what you have written from what you are quoting directly or from
what you are referring to.

Using someone else’s ideas and not crediting those ideas properly (by referencing or
citing your sources) is plagiarism. Students found guilty of plagiarism will be
sanctioned.

To prevent accusations of plagiarism, it is essential that you provide references

whenever you quote (use the exact words), paraphrase (use the ideas of another
person, in your own words) or summarise (use the main points of another’s opinions,
theories or data) from a source or text. It does not matter how much of another
person’s or institution’s work you use (whether it is one sentence or a whole section),
or whether you do it unintentionally or on purpose: if you present the work as your
own without acknowledging that person/institution, you are committing plagiarism.
You are taking someone else’s work and passing it off as your own. Plagiarism is a
very serious offence and carries heavy penalties, especially in the education field.

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 Important
Students must accept the Declaration of Authenticity during the assessment upload
process on the relevant course page and, by doing so, acknowledge that the work
presented by them is their own original work, that they understand what plagiarism
is, and that they accept the consequences of plagiarism. If students fail to sign the
Declaration of Authenticity, their assessment will not be accepted as valid and will be
returned to them unmarked.

Students who commit plagiarism or commit any other misconduct relating to their
assessment will face disciplinary action.

Students are specifically warned against using the same shared electronic copy of
assessment answers as a basis from which to create so-called ‘individual’ answers
through superficial editing. Students must formulate and draft their own answers
independently at all times.

If students have worked with a group on an individual assessment, each member of

the group is required to draft and hand in a unique assessment. If a student hands in
the same assessment as other group members, they will be guilty of plagiarism and
subject to disciplinary action.

Copyright

When authors/developers/students/academics submit work, the same copyright/

plagiarism rules apply. No amount of any type of content should be used without
reference in a way that is not in line with accepted rules for academic work and as
referred to in authoring and reviewing contracts.

Note the following guidelines:

• Paraphrase, but be sure you are not just re-arranging a few words.
• Always use your own words. Never use someone else’s assignment and merely
paraphrase several words.
• A direct quote from another author’s work may not exceed 175 words, should
be in quotation marks and should be referenced properly.
• No amount of plain text may be copied from another publication other than
for referenced quotes as mentioned above.
• Authors can represent a diagram from another author with a reference. Such
a diagram should form an integral part of the academic argument provided to

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 the students. If the diagram is changed for the purposes of representation,
the original author should be acknowledged.
• Any presentation of photos and artwork can only be done with the permission
of the photographer or the original artist.
• As part of activities, links can be provided to free video clips in the public
domain for students to follow and watch as further enrichment, and as part of
exploration beyond the basic learning content.
• As part of activities, links can also be provided for the abovementioned
purpose to external websites. The content may not be used without reference
and/or permission.
• Practices such as in-linking or deep-linking (linking into a particular website
towards a specific target, or links that import images and other pieces of
content directly) are not allowed.

Milpark Education teaching materials and academic content are submitted to Turnitin,
a system that alerts one to problems in texts related to plagiarism and copyright.
Problematic texts will be sent back to the author.

Milpark Education owns the copyright on all its academic material. This means that
whoever wishes to use Milpark Education material for assignments may do so, as long
as they have properly referenced the material used.

Artificial intelligence (AI)

Milpark’s Good Conduct and Disciplinary Policy provides that the use of artificial
intelligence (AI) tools to assist in the formulation of any assessment answers is
considered misconduct, unless the use of such tools is permitted in the context of a
particular question/assessment. This prohibition applies to all AI tools (whether
generative, language/writing, or any other). It is, therefore, important that you read
the instructions provided on all assessments very carefully to ascertain whether the
use of AI tools is permitted. If permitted, make sure to check whether there are
parameters for use or whether the use is unlimited.

If the use of AI tools is permitted, always fact-check any information you receive from
an AI model. Text generated is not retrievable – in other words, chats are unique to
each user, so you cannot provide a URL for others to access your unique chats.

Please take note of the AI use declaration that is required for all submissions. Clear
instructions are provided on each assessment and the standard, acceptable format of
the AI use declaration is provided.

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 APA referencing system

Milpark uses the APA (American Psychological Association) style of referencing.

The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Seventh Edition is
the official source for APA style. Please consult the APA Style site for more detail.

The following article provides a useful introduction to APA:

APA Style for beginners: High school, college, and beyond

Refer to the following links for useful guidelines and examples on APA:

Reference guidelines and examples

APA Style Common Reference Examples Guide (PDF)
APA Style Reference Guide for Journal Articles, Books, and Edited Book Chapters (PDF)

Important
All authors/developers/students/academics are expected to use this referencing
method in order to comply with Milpark’s referencing requirements.

Free citation-generating websites

There are useful free-to-use citation-generating websites (referencing tools) available

to assist with referencing. This is not a comprehensive list. If you already have a
preference, please ensure the tool is set to APA 7, not APA 6.

Scribbr Citation Generator

MyBib Projects

Important
Please check your references generated with Scribbr/MyBib/other against the samples
available on the APA site (links provided earlier in this guide), as these tools may omit
important details such as the human author’s name or date of the source.

If you create an account for Scribbr or MyBib, your references will be stored for re-
use in the future. This is useful if, for example, the source is relevant to your field of
work/study. A search feature is also available: type in the name of your source or
copy and paste the URL and select the correct result. If not available, add it manually.

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 Quickfire guide: Common referencing types

The following short list contains only the most common reference types. Refer to the APA website for more information: Reference examples

Detail In-text referencing Reference list

Printed book Narrative Example (one author): Booth, J. K. (2001). Strategic interventions in leadership (2nd ed.). Jossey-Bass.
One author: Booth (2001)
Two authors: Smith and Stander (2001) Example (two authors): Smith, P., & Stander, S. (2001). Leadership in context (3rd ed.). Juta.
Three or more: Mohamed et al. (2019)
Example (three or more authors): Mohamed, T. C., Khan, D. S., & Nadal, R. M. (2019). Microaggression
Parenthetical
theory: Influence and implications (5th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119466656
One author: (Booth, 2001)
Two authors: (Smith & Stander, 2001)
Three or more: (Mohamed et al., 2019)
Ebook Narrative: Svender and Larsen (2020) Example: Svender, S., & Larsen, L. (2020). Marketing in the industrial age (3rd digital ed.).
Parenthetical: (Svender & Larsen, 2020) Routledge. https://routledge/marketing/industrial/age.dk
Same author and Narrative Example (first book): Berk, R. T. (2023a). Teaching in class versus teaching online (4th ed.). John Wiley &
year* First book: Berk (2023a) Sons.
Second book: Berk (2023b)
*Applies to all Example (second book): Berk, R. T. (2023b). Helping stakeholders understand teaching evaluation methods
referencing types Parenthetical
(2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
First book: (Berk, 2023a)
Second book: (Berk, 2023b)

If no date: n.d.-a and n.d.-b

No date provided Narrative: Berk (n.d.) Example: Berk, R. T. (n.d.). Teaching in class versus teaching online (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
Parenthetical: (Berk, n.d.)
Chapter in edited Narrative: Example: McGinty, L., & Evans, T. (2016). Learning methodologies. In R. Stone, K. Blom, & V. van der Hyver
book McGinty and Evans (2016, p. 16–21) (Eds.), The benefits of learning (5th ed., pp. 16–21). Pearson. https://doi.org/10.1002/978119684850395
Parenthetical:
(McGinty & Evans, 2016, p. 16–21)

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 Detail In-text referencing Reference list
Journal Narrative Example (one author): Jane, B. (2005, Spring). Alternate fuels for SA. Fuels International, 2(7), 40–66.
One author: Jane (2005) 10.5772/intechopen.85446
Two authors: Jane and Kiyana (2015)
Three or more: Bentley et al. (2010) Example (two authors): Jane, B., & Kiyana, N. (2015). Alternate fuels for SA. Fuels International, 2(7), 40–
66. 10.5772/intechopen.85446
Parenthetical
One author: (Jane, 2005) Example (three or more): Bentley, M., Peerenboom, C. A., Hodge, F. W., Passano, E. B., & Washburn, M. F.
Two authors: (Jane & Kiyana, 2015) (2010). Instructions in regard to preparation of examinations. Psychological Bulletin, 22(4), 57–
Three or more: (Bentley et al., 2010) 63. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0071467
Artificial Narrative: OpenAI (2024) Example: OpenAI. (2024). ChatGPT (October 15 version) [Large language model].
intelligence (AI) Parenthetical: (OpenAI, 2024) https://chat.openai.com/chat
Website Narrative: Pretorius (2019) Example: Pretorius, S. (2019, July 01). IFRS 16 and its impact on lessees. Moore South Africa.
(individual author) Parenthetical: (Pretorius, 2019) https://www.moore-southafrica.com/news/ifrs-16-and-its-impact-on-leases-and-lessees
Website Narrative: Capital One (2021) Example: Capital One. (2021, June 15). What are the 5 Cs of credit? https://www.capitalone.com/learn-
(organisation) Parenthetical: (Capital One, 2021) grow/money-management/five-cs-of-credit/
Website Narrative: American Psychological Example: American Psychological Association*. (2017, August 10). Use of sentence case in APA.
(group author, Association (APA, 2017) https://www.APA.org/title/case
abbreviated title) Parenthetical: (American Psychological
* Do not abbreviate group author name in Reference list. Write out full name.
Association [APA], 2017)
Blog Narrative: Weiner (2019) Example: Weiner, A. (2019, July 3). What is a blog? WIXBlog. https://www.wix.com/blog/what-is-a-blog
Parenthetical: (Weiner, 2019)
News website Narrative: Nkazi (2020) Example: Nkazi, K. (2020, May 20). The realities of the pandemic. News24.
Parenthetical: (Nkazi, 2020) https://www.news24.com/pandemic.html
Newspaper article Narrative: Booth (2009) Example: Booth, J. A. (2009, March 16). Xenophobic violence in Thokoza township. The Star, A6.
Parenthetical: (Booth, 2009) https://thestar.co.za/xenophobic-violence-thokoza.org
YouTube video Narrative: Khan Academy (2009) Example: Khan Academy. (2009, August 19). Introduction to the price-to-earnings ratio [Video]. YouTube.
Parenthetical: (Khan Academy, 2009) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cppxO67e6eo
Report Narrative: Agrawal and Fowler (2019) Example: Agrawal, M., & Fowler, S. (2019). Mining in the industrial sector (Report No. 223056). Council of
Parenthetical: (Agrawal & Fowler, 2019) Miners. https://www.councilofminers.org/mining-in-industrial-sector
Dissertation/thesis Narrative: Benjamin (2005) Example (published dissertation): Benjamin, G. S. (2005). Fraud in South African broadcast institutions: A
Parenthetical: (Benjamin, 2005) case study [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Cuckooland.

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 Detail In-text referencing Reference list
Example (unpublished dissertation): Benjamin, G. S. (2005). Fraud in South African broadcast institutions: A
case study (Publication No. 123456) [Doctoral dissertation, University of Cuckooland]
http://uclintra.ucl.ac.za/thesis/available-0312345
Conference Narrative: Tshibalo (2009) Example: Tshibalo, E. (2009, October 10–15). Geothermalise Africa? [Conference presentation]*. Thirteenth
presentation Parenthetical: (Tshibalo, 2009) International Geothermal Conference, Umdloti, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/3594377

* Describe conference type in square brackets (e.g. [Poster session], [Keynote address], [Paper presentation]).
Dictionary entries Narrative: Collins (n.d.) Example (print form): Collins. (n.d.). Income tax. In Collins English Dictionary (3rd ed., p. 12).
Parenthetical: (Collins, n.d.)
Example (online form): Oxford. (n.d.). Income tax. In Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries. Retrieved October 14,
2024 from https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/income-tax
PowerPoint slides Narrative: Shilowa (2017) Example (slides available online): Shilowa, T. (2017, August 5). The power of empathy in the workplace
Parenthetical: (Shilowa, 2017) [PowerPoint slides]. SlideShare. https://www.slideshare.net/shilowa/empathy

Example (slides from classroom/internal system/LMS): Shilowa, T. (2017). The power of empathy in the
workplace [PowerPoint slides]. Canvas. https://www.milpark.canvas.net/shilowa/empathy
Study guide Narrative: Milpark Education (2024) Example: Milpark Education. (2024). Accounting 1B ACCO1B (23a ed.) [Study guide]. Milpark Education.
(Milpark) Parenthetical: (Milpark Education, 2024)
Government Narrative: Department of Higher Example: Department of Higher Education and Training (South Africa). (2024, October 16). Higher Education
gazette Education and Training (2024) Act, 1997 (Act No. 101 of 1997): Extension of the appointment of the administrator for the Mangosuthu
Parenthetical: (Department of Higher University of Technology (Notice 5431). Government Gazette, 51402, p. 3.
Education and Training, 2024)
Legislation Write out the Act name in full the first List the legislation you referred to under the heading ‘Legislation’ at the end of the ‘References’ page.
time it is mentioned. Examples:
Example:
• Income Tax Act, 1962 (Act No. 58
of 1962) Legislation
• Labour Relations Act, 1995 (Act
Basic Conditions of Employment Act, 2002 (Act No. 11 of 2002) (BCEA)
No. 66 of 1995) (LRA).
Income Tax Act, 1962 (Act No. 58 of 1962)
Thereafter, refer to as follows:

• Income Tax Act, 1962

• LRA (only use acronym when Act
is commonly referred to this way).

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