WEEK 3: TOPIC: Gaseous exchange
SUB-TOPIC: Ventilation of the lungs. Homeostatic control of breathing
ANSWERS for ACTIVITIES/WORKSHEETS/EXAM TYPE QUESTIONS
ACTIVITY 1
QUESTION 1
1.1 D
1.2 A
1.3 C (6)
QUESTION 2
2.1 Intercostal muscles ✓
2.2. Homeostasis ✓
2.3 Alveoli ✓ (3)
QUESTION 3
3.1 A only ✓✓
3.2 A only ✓✓
3.3 B only ✓✓ (6)
ACTIVITY 2
QUESTION 1
- Receptor cells in the carotid (artery in the neck/aorta are stimulated
- To send impulses to the medulla oblongata
- The medulla oblongata sends an impulse to the breathing muscles
- To contract more actively
- And increase the rate/depth of breathing
- An impulse is also sent to the heart
- To beat faster
- More carbon dioxide is taken to the lungs /exhaled
- The carbon dioxide levels return to normal Any (5)
1
QUESTION 2
2.1 The rate of breathing increased✓ and cellular respiration is
increased✓ due to the demand for oxygen and energy in the
(3)
muscles. ✓ More carbon dioxide accumulates in the blood.
−
2.2
The carbon dioxide level in the blood increased due to
increased rate of cellular respiration.
− The sensory cells in the carotid arteries are stimulated by
the high carbon dioxide in the blood
− The impulses are sent to the medulla oblongata
− Medulla oblongata stimulates breathing muscles (intercostal
muscles and diaphragm) and heart to breath faster.
− Breathing muscles increase the rate and depth of breathing, (5)
the heart beats faster.
(Mark any five)
2.3 20% - 16% = 4✓ %
4% of 1000 cm3 = 40✓ cm3 ✓ (3)
(11)
QUESTION 3
3.1 (a) Trachea
(b) Bronchi
(c) Lungs (3)
3.2 It has C-shaped cartilage rings protect trachea and keep it
open for easy movement of air (2)
3.3 (Diagram) A (1)
3.4 The balloons are inflated
Part D (diaphragm) is pulled down. (2)
3.5 - Diaphragm muscle contracts, it flattens
- External intercostal muscle contract
- Ribcage lifts upwards and pushes outwards
- Air pressure in the lungs decrease as the chest volume
increases
- Atmospheric pressure is greater than the pressure inside the
lungs and air flows in (Any FIVE) (5)
(13)
