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Operating System Notes

An Operating System (OS) is essential system software that manages hardware and software resources while providing services for programs. It encompasses functions such as process, memory, file system, and device management, along with security features and user interfaces. Various types of OS exist, including batch, time-sharing, distributed, real-time, and network OS, with architectures like monolithic, microkernel, and hybrid designs.

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15 views1 page

Operating System Notes

An Operating System (OS) is essential system software that manages hardware and software resources while providing services for programs. It encompasses functions such as process, memory, file system, and device management, along with security features and user interfaces. Various types of OS exist, including batch, time-sharing, distributed, real-time, and network OS, with architectures like monolithic, microkernel, and hybrid designs.

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amitshekhar1023
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Operating System - Two Page Summary

1. Introduction:
An Operating System (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware, software
resources, and provides services for computer programs. It acts as an intermediary between users
and the hardware.

2. Functions of OS:
- Process Management: Handles creation, scheduling, and termination of processes.
- Memory Management: Allocates and deallocates memory to processes.
- File System Management: Manages files, directories, and storage access.
- Device Management: Controls hardware devices through drivers.
- Security and Access Control: Protects data and resources.
- User Interface: Provides CLI (Command Line Interface) and GUI (Graphical User Interface).

3. Types of Operating Systems:


- Batch OS: Processes batches of jobs with minimal user interaction.
- Time-Sharing OS: Allows multiple users to share system resources simultaneously.
- Distributed OS: Manages a group of independent computers and makes them appear as a single
system.
- Real-Time OS: Provides immediate processing for time-critical tasks.
- Network OS: Supports servers and provides networking features.

4. Examples:
- Windows, macOS, Linux, UNIX, Android, iOS.

5. OS Architecture:
- Monolithic Kernel: All OS services run in kernel space.
- Microkernel: Only essential functions in kernel; rest in user space.
- Hybrid Kernel: Combination of monolithic and microkernel designs.

6. Process Scheduling:
- Scheduling Algorithms: FCFS, SJF, Round Robin, Priority Scheduling.
- Goal: Maximize CPU utilization, throughput, and minimize waiting time.

7. Memory Management Techniques:


- Paging, Segmentation, Virtual Memory.
- Prevents fragmentation and ensures efficient memory usage.

8. File System:
- Organizes data into files and directories.
- Handles file permissions, metadata, and storage allocation.

9. Security:
- Authentication, Authorization, Encryption.
- Prevents unauthorized access and data breaches.

10. Conclusion:
Operating Systems are the backbone of computing, enabling hardware-software interaction,
efficient resource management, and a user-friendly interface for interaction.

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