1. In a storm, a small ship was blown onto a beach.

Now it is calm and there is no

wind. A tugboat is trying to pull the ship off the beach.

(a) The tugboat pulls the ship with a force of 25 000 N.

The ship does not move because of the force of friction acting on it.

(i) Tick one box to show the size of the frictional force acting on the ship.

zero 25 000 N more than 25 000 N

more than zero but less than 25 000 N

1 mark

(ii) Add an arrow to the drawing to show the direction of the frictional force
acting on the ship.
1 mark

(b) When the tide is higher, the tugboat again pulls the ship with a steady force of 25
000 N. The ship begins to move.

Once the ship is off the beach, the tugboat continues to pull the ship with a force
of 25 000 N.
A frictional force due to the water acts on the ship.

(i) At first, the speed of the ship increases.

Tick one box to describe the frictional force acting on the ship while its
speed is increasing.

zero

more than zero but less than 25 000 N

25 000 N

more than 25 000 N

1 mark

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 (ii) After a short while, the ship reaches a steady speed. The tugboat continues
to pull with a force of 25 000 N.

Tick one box to describe the frictional force acting on the ship while it is
going at a steady speed.

zero

more than zero but less than 25 000 N

25 000 N

more than 25 000 N

1 mark

(iii) The ship is towed to the north. What is the direction of the frictional force
acting on the ship?

.............................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 5 marks

2. The lift in a tall building hangs from a strong cable. The movement of the lift is
affected by only two forces.
These forces are the tension in the cable and the weight of the lift.

tension
cable

lift

weight

(a) The lift is not moving. How do the sizes of the two forces compare?
Tick the correct box.

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 The tension is greater than the weight.

The tension equals the weight.

The tension is less than the weight.

It is impossible to know which is greater.

1 mark

(b) When the lift is moving upwards and its speed is increasing, how do the sizes
of the two forces compare?

..........................................................................................................................
1 mark

(c) When the lift is moving upwards at a constant speed, how do the sizes of the
two forces compare?

..........................................................................................................................
1 mark
(d) Near the top of the building the lift is moving upwards, but slowing down.
How do the sizes of the two forces now compare?

..........................................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 4 marks

3. The drawing shows a boy with a bow and arrow. He is holding the arrow and
pulling it back.

(a) Two horizontal forces act on the arrow. These are the force exerted by the
boy’s hand and the force exerted by the string. The arrow is not moving.

The boy pulls the arrow with a force of 150 N. What is the size of the force exerted by
the string on the arrow?

...................... N 1 mark
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 (b) When the boy lets go of the arrow, it starts to move forward.

Explain why it starts to move.

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
1 mark

(c) The arrow flies across a field and hits a target.

Two forces act on the arrow while it is in the air. Air resistance acts in the
opposite direction to the movement, and gravity acts downwards. These two
forces cannot balance each other, even when they are the same size. Why is
this?

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
1 mark
(d) The arrow has a sharp pointed end. When the arrow hits the target, the sharp
point exerts a very large pressure on the target.

Why does a sharp pointed end exert a larger pressure than a blunt end?

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 4 marks

4. The diagram shows the orbits of the Earth, Mars and Venus.
The position of the Earth is shown.

orbit of Venus
Sun

Earth orbit of the Earth

orbit of Mars

not to scale

A person on the Earth observes Mars and Venus.

(a) (i) On the diagram above, draw two more dots to show the positions of Mars
and Venus when they are closest to the Earth.

Label the dot for Mars with a letter M and the dot for Venus with a letter V.
1 mark
camden bulk lea 4
 (ii) Why is it easiest to see Mars when it is closest to the Earth?

……………..……………………………….…………………..……….……

……………..……………………………….…………………..……….……
1 mark

(b) What force keeps the Earth in its orbit and stops it flying off into space?

……………..……………………………….…………………..……………………
1 mark
(c) From the Earth, the Moon always looks approximately the same size.
What can you conclude from this about the orbit of the Moon around the Earth?

……………..……………………………….…………………..……………………

……………..……………………………….…………………..……………………
1 mark

(d) The diagram shows the Earth in its orbit around the Sun.

Britain
Sun

not to scale

What season is it in Britain? Explain your answer.

……………..……………………………….…………………..……………………

……………..……………………………….…………………..……………………

……………..……………………………….…………………..……………………

……………..……………………………….…………………..……………………
2 marks
Maximum 6 marks

camden bulk lea 5

5. Anil sits on a mat at the top of a helter-skelter and then slides down a chute
around the outside.

chute

mat

(a) (i) Name two of the forces acting on Anil as he slides from point A to point B.

1. ....................................................................

2. ....................................................................
2 marks

(ii) As Anil slides from point A to point B, the forces acting on him are balanced.

Describe Anil's speed when the forces acting on him are balanced.

.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(b) Anil goes back for a second go. This time he sits on a smooth cushion
instead of a mat.

He goes much faster on the cushion. Give the reason for this.

.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c) On his third go Anil lies back on the cushion with his arms by his side.

What happens to his speed? Give the reason for your answer.

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................
2 marks
Maximum 6 marks

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6. (a) Megan was doing time-trials on her bike around a 400 metre horizontal track.

(i) She took 32 seconds to travel 400 m.

What was her average speed? Give the unit.

.............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................. 1 mark

(ii) Compare the forward force on the bike with the backward force on the bike
when Megan was travelling at a constant speed.

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(b) Megan then crouched down over the handlebars to make herself more
streamlined, as shown below.
She continued to pedal with the same force as before.

Compare the forward and backward forces on Megan and her bike now.

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................
1 mark

Explain your answer.

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 4 marks

7. A remote-controlled car was timed over a period of 10 seconds.

A graph of distance against time is shown below.

camden bulk lea 7

 20

16

12
distance, in
metres
8

0
0 2 4 6 8 10
time, in seconds

(a) Describe the motion of the car between:

(i) 2 seconds and 6 seconds;

.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) 9 seconds and 10 seconds.

.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(b) Calculate the average speed of the car between 0 and 10 seconds.
Give the unit.

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................
2 marks
(c) The diagram below shows two of the forces acting on the car when it is moving.

(i) When the motor was switched off, the car slowed down and then stopped.

While the car was slowing down, which of the following as true? Tick the
correct box.

camden bulk lea 8

 Friction was zero and the forward
force was greater than zero.
The forward force was zero and
friction was greater than zero.
Friction was zero and the forward
force was zero.
The forward force and friction were
both greater than zero.
1 mark

(ii) Use the graph to find the time when the car started to slow down.

The car started to slow down after ............ s.

1 mark
Maximum 6 marks

camden bulk lea 9

8. The diagram shows a crane lifting a load. The counterweight and the load are balanced.

arm

counterweight pivot

load

(a) The load is moved away from the pivot, to the right.

(i) What happens to the turning moment produced by the load?

.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) What should happen to the counterweight to keep the arm balanced?

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(b) A load of 5000 N is placed 8 m from the pivot.
8m

arm
counterweight

pivot
10 000 N

load

5000 N

(i) What is the turning moment of the load? Give the unit.

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................
2 marks

camden bulk lea 10

 (ii) How far from the pivot must the 10000 N counter weight be placed in order
to balance the load?

......................................................................................................... m
1 mark

(iii) The counterweight is placed 3 m from the pivot.

What load could now be balanced 8 m from the pivot?

.............................................................................................................

......................................................................................................... N
1 mark
Maximum 6 marks
9. Karen wants to pump up her car tyre.
Her pump has a piston with an area of 7 cm2.

175 N

area = 7 cm 2

Karen pushes the handle down with a force of 175 N.

(a) What pressure does she exert on the air in the pump?

.....................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................... N/cm2
1 mark

(b) The air pressure in the tyre is 27 N/cm2.

What pressure would be needed in the pump in order to pump more air into the
tyre?

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................
1 mark

(c) Another of Karen’s car tyres exerts a pressure of 30 N/cm2 on the road. The area
of the tyre in contact with the road is 95 cm2
What is the force exerted by the tyre on the road?

................................................................................................................. N
1 mark
Maximum 3 marks
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10. Regulus is a bright star in the constellation Leo. In February, an astronomer visited
a country close to the equator. While she was there she observed Regulus.

(a) During the night, Regulus appeared to move across the sky.

(i) Why do stars appear to move across the sky?

..........................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) Choose from the words below to complete the sentence.

north east south west

Regulus appeared to move across the sky from

................................................ to ....................................................
1 mark

(b) The diagram below shows the position of the Earth and the Sun when the
astronomer made her observations. She noticed that Regulus was directly
overhead at midnight. On the diagram, draw an arrow from the Earth to show the
direction in which she looked to see Regulus.

Sun

position of the orbit of

Earth in February the Earth

1 mark

(c) Six months later, in August, Regulus cannot be seen at any time.

Explain why.

....................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 4 marks

camden bulk lea 12