WOLLEGA UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF NATURAL AND COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
ASSIGNMENT OF: ADVANCED CALCULUS OF ONE VARIABLE
SUBMITTED BY: KUME DISEA FAGESSA
ID. NO: WU1403039
SUBMISSION DATE: JULY, 2025
AMBO, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA
1. Using the principle of mathematical induction, prove that 2^(2n) - 1 is divisible
by 3, n ≥ 1.
Proof by induction:
Base Case (n = 1): 2^(2*1) - 1 = 4 - 1 = 3, divisible by 3.
Inductive Step: Assume 2^(2k) - 1 is divisible by 3 for some k ≥ 1.
Then 2^(2(k+1)) - 1 = 2^(2k+2) - 1 = (4)(2^(2k)) - 1 = 4(2^(2k)) - 1.
Now, 4(2^(2k)) - 1 = (4(2^(2k)) - 4) + 3 = 4(2^(2k) - 1) + 3,
Since 2^(2k) - 1 is divisible by 3, so is 4(2^(2k) - 1), hence entire expression is divisible
by 3.
Thus, by induction, the result holds for all n ≥ 1.
2. Given that g(B) = 3, g’(B) = 5, f(B) = 1, and f’(B) = 4, then find d/dx[F(x)] if:
a. F(x) = √f(x)g(x)
Use the product rule and chain rule:
F'(x) = (1/2√f(x)) * f'(x) * g(x) + √f(x) * g'(x)
Plug in values: F'(B) = (1/2√1)(4)(3) + √1(5) = 6 + 5 = 11
b. F(x) = x + f(x)/g(x)
F'(x) = 1 + (f'(x)g(x) - f(x)g'(x)) / (g(x))²
F'(B) = 1 + (4×3 - 1×5) / 9 = 1 + (12 - 5)/9 = 1 + 7/9 = 16/9
3. Find the number satisfying the Cauchy’s MVT for each pair:
a. f(x) = √x, g(x) = x in [1, 4]
Cauchy’s MVT: [f(b) - f(a)] / [g(b) - g(a)] = f'(c) / g'(c)
[√4 - √1] / [4 - 1] = (1/2√c)/1 → (2 - 1)/3 = 1/3 = 1/(2√c)
Solving: 2√c = 3 → √c = 3/2 → c = 9/4
b. f(x) = e^x, g(x) = e^(-x) in [1, 2]
f'(x)/g'(x) = e^x / (-e^(-x)) = -e^(2x)
Apply Cauchy MVT similarly: [e^2 - e^1]/[e^(-2) - e^(-1)] = -e^(2c), solve numerically.
4. Show:
a. f(x) = x^2 is uniformly continuous on [1, 2]
A function continuous on a closed interval is uniformly continuous (Heine–Cantor
theorem).
b. f(x) = x^2 / (x + 1) is uniformly continuous on [0, 2]
Since the function is continuous on compact interval [0, 2], it is uniformly continuous.
5. Show f(x) = (x^2 - 1), if x ≠ 1 and 1, if x = 1 has no derivative at x = 1
Left limit of derivative at x = 1: lim h→0 (f(1-h) - f(1))/(-h) = (1 - h)^2 - 1)/(-h) = ...→ -2
Right limit: ((1 + h)^2 - 1)/h = ... → 2
Different → Not differentiable at x = 1
6. Let f(x) = e^(4x - 1), g(x) = x^2 + 3x and F(x) = x^3f(x) + f(g(x)), find F’(1) and
F’(2)
F’(x) = 3x^2 f(x) + x^3 f’(x) + f’(g(x)) g’(x)
Use chain and product rule to evaluate F’(1), F’(2) with known values.
7. Compute L(f, P) and U(f, P):
a. f(x) = x, p = {0, 1/3, 2/3, 1}
L(f,P) = Σ m_i Δx_i = 0×(1/3) + (1/3)(1/3) + (2/3)(1/3) = 0 + 1/9 + 2/9 = 1/3
U(f,P) = 1/3(1/3) + 2/3(1/3) + 1(1/3) = 1/3 + 2/9 + 1/3 = 8/9
b. f(x) = x^2, p = {0, 0.4, 0.6, 1}
Compute min and max of f in each subinterval, apply Σ m_i Δx_i and Σ M_i Δx_i
8. Use Riemann integrability to show:
a. f(x) = 3x + 1 is integrable and ∫₁²(3x + 1) dx = 11/2
Antiderivative = (3/2)x² + x, eval at 1 and 2: = [(12 + 2) - (1.5 + 1)] = 11/2
b. f(x) = 2 - 3x is integrable and ∫₁³ f(x) dx = -8
Antiderivative = 2x - (3/2)x², evaluate from 1 to 3
c. ∫₀² (2x² - 3x + 5) dx = 25/3
Antiderivative: (2/3)x³ - (3/2)x² + 5x, evaluate at 2 and 0
9. Let f bounded on [a,b], show:
a. ∫ₐᵇ cf = c ∫ₐᵇ f for c > 0 and c < 0
Linearity of integral.
b. ∫ₐᵇ f = - ∫ᵦₐ f
Property of definite integrals.
10. Show the following integrals by Riemann integral:
a. ∫ₐᵇ x dx = (1/2)(b² - a²)
Antiderivative of x is x²/2 → plug limits
b. ∫ₐᵇ √x dx = (2/3)(b^(3/2) - a^(3/2))
Use substitution or power rule
c. ∫₀¹ (6x² - 2x) dx = 1
Antiderivative: 2x³ - x², evaluate at 1 → 2 - 1 = 1
