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CS239 - Lecture 24 - Abstraction, V2

The document discusses the concept of abstraction in Java, focusing on data abstraction, abstract classes, and abstract methods. It explains that abstract methods are declared without a body and must be implemented by subclasses, while abstract classes cannot be instantiated and can contain both abstract and concrete methods. An example is provided to illustrate how abstract methods enforce implementation in subclasses, using an 'Animal' class with specific animal sounds for subclasses like 'Cow' and 'Cat'.

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7 views9 pages

CS239 - Lecture 24 - Abstraction, V2

The document discusses the concept of abstraction in Java, focusing on data abstraction, abstract classes, and abstract methods. It explains that abstract methods are declared without a body and must be implemented by subclasses, while abstract classes cannot be instantiated and can contain both abstract and concrete methods. An example is provided to illustrate how abstract methods enforce implementation in subclasses, using an 'Animal' class with specific animal sounds for subclasses like 'Cow' and 'Cat'.

Uploaded by

simply.iqra3105
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

Starting Out with Java

From Control Structures through Objects

Lecture No. 24 (Chapter 10:) Abstraction

May 18, 2021

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Abstraction

Data Abstraction: Hiding implementation details and showing


only essential information (e.g. functionality) to the user.

Abstraction achieved with:

Abstract Class

Interface

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Abstract Methods

Abstract Method: A method without body (i.e. no


implementation).

Abstract method must always be declared in an abstract class.

An abstract method has only a header and no body.

AccessSpecifier abstract ReturnType MethodName(ParameterList);

An abstract method is a method that appears in a superclass,


but expects to be overridden in a subclass.

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Abstract Methods
Notice: Keyword abstract appears in the header, and that the
header ends with a semicolon.

public abstract void setValue(int value);

Any class that contains an abstract method is automatically


abstract.

If a subclass fails to override an abstract method, a compiler


error will result.

Abstract methods are used to ensure that a subclass


implements the method.
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Abstract Classes
Abstract Class: A class must declared with an abstract
keyword.

It can have abstract and non-abstract methods (a.k.a.


concrete methods).

An abstract class cannot be instantiated.

It can have constructors, nal methods, and static methods.

Syntax:
public abstract class ClassName{
...
}
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Why we need an Abstract Class

Lets say we have a class Animal that has a method


animalSound () and the subclasses of it like Cow, Cat, Lion
etc.

Since the animal (e.g. cat, lion) sound diers from one animal
to another, there is no point to implement this method in
Animal class.

Thus, making Animal class's animalSound method abstract


would be the good choice as by making this method abstract
we force all the subclasses (e.g. Cat, Lion) to implement this
method with its own implementation details.

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Example: Abstract Class and Methods

// Abstract class
abstract class Animal {
// Abstract method (does not have a body)
public abstract void animalSound();
// Regular method
public void sleep() {
System.out.println("Zzz");
}
}

// Subclass (inherit from Animal)


class Cow extends Animal {
@Override
public void animalSound() {
System.out.println("The cow says: moo moo");
}
}
class Cat extends Animal {
@Override
public void animalSound() {
System.out.println("The cat says: meow meow");
}
}

Remark: animalSound is an abstract method and it is


implemented by Cat and Cow class.
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Example: Abstract Class

Example is provided in the lecture!

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Credit

Tony Gaddis, Starting out with Java: From Control Structures


through Objects, 6th Edition, Pearson 2016.

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