Data and Information
Management with Python
Session-2
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Agenda
1. Basic data types bool (Boolean), int (Integer/Long), float, complex
2. Type conversions: into to float, float to int, etc.
3. Python Interpreter and its Environment
4. Numbers
5. Strings
6. Declaration of variables
7. Basic Operations in Python
8. String definition and manipulation commands
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Simple Data Types
Simple Data Types
• Numbers
– Integer, floating-point, complex!
• Strings
– characters are strings of length 1
• Booleans are False or True
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Numbers
• The usual notations and operators
12, 3.14, 0xFF, 0377, (-1+2)*3/4**5, abs(x), 0<x<=5
• C-style shifting & masking
1<<16, x&0xff, x|1, ~x, x^y
• Integer division truncates :-(
1/2 -> 0 # float(1)/2 -> 0.5
• Long (arbitrary precision), complex
2L**100 -> 1267650600228229401496703205376L
1j**2 -> (-1+0j)
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Strings and Formatting
i = 10
d = 3.1415926
s = "I am a string!"
print "%d\t%f\t%s" % (i, d, s)
print “newline\n"
print "no newline"
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Variables
• No need to declare
• Need to assign (initialize)
use of uninitialized variable raises exception
• Not typed
if friendly: greeting = "hello world"
else: greeting = 12**2
print greeting
• Everything is a variable:
functions, modules, classes
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Reference Semantics
• Assignment manipulates references
x = y does not make a copy of y
x = y makes x reference the object y
references
• Very useful; but beware!
• Example:
>>> a = [1, 2, 3]; b = a
>>> [Link](4); print b
[1, 2, 3, 4]
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Simple Data Types: Operators
• + - * / % (like C)
• += -= etc. (no ++ or --)
• Assignment using =
– but semantics are different!
a=1
a = "foo" # OK
• Can also use + to concatenate strings
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Strings
• "hello"+"world" "helloworld" # concatenation
• "hello"*3 "hellohellohello" # repetition
• "hello"[0] "h" # indexing
• "hello"[-1] "o" # (from end)
• "hello"[1:4] "ell" # slicing
• len("hello") 5 # size
• "hello" < "jello" 1 # comparison
• "e" in "hello" 1 # search
• New line: "escapes: \n "
• Line continuation: triple quotes ’’’
• Quotes: ‘single quotes’, "raw strings"
1
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0
Simple Data Types
• Triple quotes useful for multi-line strings
>>> s = """ a long
... string with "quotes" or anything else"""
>>> s
' a long\012string with "quotes" or anything else'
>>> len(s)
45
1
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1
Methods in String
• upper() • strip(), lstrip(), rstrip()
• lower() • replace(a, b)
• capitalize() • expandtabs()
• count(s) • split()
• find(s) • join()
• rfind(s) • center(), ljust(), rjust()
• index(s)
1
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2
Practical
What we have learned?
• Basic data types bool (Boolean), int (Integer/Long),
float,complex
• Type conversions: into to float, float to int, etc.
• Python Interpreter and its Environment
• Numbers
• Strings
• Declaration of variables
• Basic Operations in Python
• String definition and manipulation commands
14 ©2023 Grant Thornton India LLP. All rights reserved.
