Verbal Analogy (Class-10)

Verbal Analogy
COMMON RELATIONSHIPS
1. Country and capital :
Ex. Afghanistan : Kabul
Kabul is the capital of Afghanistan.
2. State and capital :
Ex. Maharashtra : Mumbai
Mumbai is the capital of Maharashtra.
3. Country and currency :
Ex. India : Rupee
Rupee is the currency of India.
4. Instrument and measurement :
Ex. Barometer : Pressure
Barometer is an instrument used to measure pressure.
5. Quantity and units :
Ex. Length : Metre
Metre is the unit of measuring length.
6. Individual and group :
Ex. Sailors : Crew
A group of sailors is called a crew.
7. Animal and young one :
Ex. Cow : Calf
Calf is the young one of cow.
8. Male and female :
Ex. Horse : Mare
Mare is the female horse.
9. Animal and movement :
Ex. Duck : Waddle
Waddle is the name given to the movement of the duck.
10. Animal/thing and sound :
Ex. Lion : Roar
Roar is the sound produced by a lion.
11. Individual/thing and class :
Ex. Lizard : Reptile
Lizard belongs to the class of Reptiles.

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Verbal Analogy (Class-10)

12. Individual and dwelling place :

Ex. Dog : Kennel
A dog lives in a kennel.
13. Animals/things and keeping place :
Ex. Car : Garage
A car is kept in a garage.
14. Games and place of playing :
Ex. Badminton : Court
Badminton is played on a court.
15. Worker and tool :
Ex. Blacksmith : Anvil
Anvil is the tool used by a blacksmith.
16. Tool and action :
Ex. Needle : Sew
A needle is used for sewing.
17. Worker and working place :
Ex. Chef : Kitchen
A chef works in a kitchen.
18. Worker and product :
Ex. Mason : Wall
A mason builds a wall.
19. Product and raw material :
Ex. Prism : Glass
Prism is made of glass.
20. Part and whole relationship :
Ex. Pen : Nib
Nib is a part of a pen.
21. Pair relationship :
Ex. Shoes : Socks
Shoes and socks go together.
22. Study and topic :
Ex. Ornithology : Birds
Ornithology is the study of birds.
23. Word and intensity :
Ex. Anger : Rage
Rage is of higher intensity than Anger.
24. Word and synonym :
Ex. Abode : Dwelling
Abode means almost the same as Dwelling. Thus, Dwelling is the synonym of Abode.
25. Word and antonym :
Ex. Attack : Defend
Defend means the opposite of Attack. Thus, Defend is the antonym of Attack.

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 Verbal Analogy (Class-10)

COMPLETING THE ANALOGOUS PAIR

In this type of questions, two words are given. These words are related to each other in some way. Another word is also
given. The candidate is required to find out the relationship between the first two words and choose the word from the
given alternatives, which bears the same relationship to the third word, as the first two bear.
Solved Examples
Ex.1 Botany : Plants :: Entomology : ?
(1) Snakes (2) Insects (3) Birds (4) Germs
Sol. Botany is the branch of science which deals with the study of plants. Similarly, Entomology is the branch of science which
deals with the study of insects. Hence, the answer is (2).
Ex.2 Vigilant : Alert :: Viable : ?
(1) Active (2) Hopeless (3) Feasible (4) Useful
Sol. 'Alert' is the synonym of 'Vigilant'. Similarly, the synonym of 'Viable' is 'Feasible'. Hence, the answer is (3).
CHOOSING THE ANALOGOUS PAIR
In the type of questions, a pair of words is given, followed by four pairs of words as alternatives. The candidate is required
to choose the pair in which the words bear the same relationship to each other as the words of the given pair bear.
Solved Examples
Ex.3 Energy : Joule
(1) Axe : Grind (2) Ammeter : Current (3) Power : Ampere (4) Resistance : Ohm
Sol. Joule is the unit of measuring energy. Similarly, Ohm is the unit of measuring resistance. Hence, the answer is (4).
Ex.4 Chimney : Smoke
(1) Tea : Kettle (2) Clay : Ceramic (3) House : Roof (4) Gun : Bullet
Sol. Smoke comes out of chimney and bullet comes out of gun. Hence, the answer is (4).
CHOOSING A SIMILAR WORD
In this type of questions, a group of three/four words is given, followed by four other words as alternatives. The candidate
is required to choose the alternative, which is similar to the given words.
Solved Examples
Ex.5 Lucknow : Patna : Bhopal : Jaipur
(1) Indore (2) Pune (3) Mysore (4) Shimla
Sol. Clearly, Lucknow, Patna, Bhopal and Jaipur are all capital cities of various Indian States (U.P., Bihar, M.P. and Rajasthan
respectively). Similarly, Shimla is the capital of Himachal Pradesh. Hence, the answer is (4).
Ex.6 Sitar : Guitar : Tanpura
(1) Trumpet (2) Violin (3) Harmonium (4) Mridanga
Sol. Sitar, Guitar and Tanpura are all string instruments. Violin is also a string instrument. Hence, the answer is (2).
MULTIPLE WORD ANALOGY
In this type of questions, a group of three or four inter-related words is given. The candidate is required to trace out the
relationship among these words and choose another group with similar relationship, from amongst the alternatives provided.
Solved Examples
Ex.7 Pen : Pencil : Ink
(1) Orange : Banana : Juice (2) Table : Chair : Wood
(3) Cow : Milk : Curd (4) Fish : Shark : Water
Sol. Clearly, pen contains ink and pencil belongs to the same category as pen i.e. stationary. Similarly, orange contains juice
and banana belongs to the same category as orange i.e. fruits. Hence, the answer is (1).

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 Verbal Analogy (Class-10)

Ex.8 Tehsil : District : State : Country

(1) Metropolitan : Megapolis : Town : City
(2) Block : Colony : Zone : City
(3) Province : District : State : Country
(4) Madhya Pradesh : Maharashtra : Mumbai : Victoria Terminus
Sol. The given group contains four items of a hierarchial system, in the order from lowest to highest levels. A similar relationship
exists among the components of (2). Hence, the answer is (2).
NUMBER ANALOGY
This section deals with four types of questions:
1. Choosing a number related to a given number in the same manner as the two numbers of another given pair are
related to each other;
2. Choosing a similarly related pair as the given number pair on the basis of the relation between the numbers in each
pair;

3. Choosing a number similar to a group of numbers on the basis of certain common properties that they possess;

4. Choosing a number set similar to a given number set.

Solved Examples

Ex.9. 3 : 11 :: 7 : ?

(1) 22 (2) 29 (3) 18 (4) 51

Sol. Clearly, 32 + 2 = 11, Now, 72 + 2 = 51. So, if the first number is x, the second number is x2 + 2.

Thus, the relationship is x : x2 + 2.

Hence, the answer is (4).

Ex.10. 11 : 1210
(1) 8 : 448 (2) 6 : 2160 (3) 7 : 1029 (4) 9 : 729
Sol. Clearly, the relationship is x : x2 (x – 1). This relationship exists in (1). Hence, the answer is (1).
Ex.11. Which number is like the given set of numbers ? Given Set : (3, 17, 31)
(1) 5 (2) 15 (3) 45 (4) 49
Sol. Clearly, the number in the given set are all prime numbers. 5 is also a prime number and so belongs to the same group.
Hence, the answer is (1).
Ex.12. Which set of numbers is like the given set ? Given Set : (48, 24, 12)

(1) (44, 22, 12) (2) (46, 20, 11) (3) (40, 20, 10) (4) (42, 20, 10)
Sol. Clearly, in the given set, the first number is twice the second and the second number is twice the third. A similar relationship
exists between the numbers in the group (40, 20, 10). Hence, the answer is (3).
ALPHABET ANALOGY
In this type of questions, two groups of letters related to each other in some way, are given. The candidate is required to
find out this relationship and then choose either a letter-group which is related in the same way to a third group provided
in the question or a pair consisting of similarly related letter-groups.

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 Verbal Analogy (Class-10)

Solved Examples
Ex.13. BEGK is related to ADFJ in the same way as PSVY is related to ....?....
(1) LOQT (2) ROUX (3) OTUZ (4) ORUX
Sol. Clearly, each letter of the first group in a pair is moved one step backward to obtain the corresponding letter of the second
group.
B E G K
–1 –1 –1 –1
A D F J
P S V Y
–1 –1 –1 –1
O R U X
Hence, the answer is (4).
Ex.14. ABCD : NPRT : : FGHI : ?
(1) KLMN (2) OQRT (3) RTUW (4) SUWY
Sol. Clearly, the first, second, third and fourth letters of the first group are moved 13, 14, 15 and 16 steps forward respectively
to obtain the corresponding letters of the second group.
A B C D
+13 +14 +15 +16
N P R T
F G H I
+13 +14 +15 +16
S U W Y
Hence, the answer is (4).

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