Name : LIEV Tanghann
Id : e20220524
Class : I3 – GCA – C
GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY
Assignment 4
1. Match the following bacterial morphology designations with their description:
• Coccus: → (c) Round spheres
• Bacillus: → (a) Rod-shaped
• Spirillum: → (d) Corkscrew shaped
• Vibrio: → (e) Comma-shaped
• Staph: → (b) Grapelike clusters
• Strep: → (f) Curved rows
2. Differences Between Gram-positive and Gram-negative Bacteria:
➢ Cell Wall Structure: Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan
layer, while Gram-negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer and
an outer membrane.
➢ Staining: Gram-positive bacteria stain purple with crystal violet, while
Gram-negative bacteria stain pink with safranin.
➢ Lipopolysaccharide (LPS): Present in Gram-negative bacteria, absent in
Gram-positive.
➢ Sensitivity to Antibiotics: Gram-positive bacteria are generally more
susceptible to antibiotics that target peptidoglycan, while Gram-negative
bacteria are more resistant due to their outer membrane.
3. Names of Bacteria:
▪ Escherichia coli (E. coli)
▪ Staphylococcus aureus
▪ Streptococcus pneumoniae
▪ Bacillus anthracis
▪ Salmonella enterica
4. Bacterial Movement:
Some bacteria can move using structures called flagella. These whip-like tails can
rotate, propelling the bacteria forward. Other mechanisms include:
• Cilia: Short hair-like structures that can help in movement.
• Gliding: Some bacteria can move without flagella through secretion of slimy
substances.
5. Types of Flagella That Make Bacteria Move Faster
The type of flagella that can enhance bacterial movement includes:
• Polar Flagella: Located at one or both ends of the bacterium. They can rotate
rapidly, allowing for quick movement in a specific direction.
• Peritrichous Flagella: These are distributed all around the bacterial surface. They
work together to create a coordinated movement, which can also lead to faster
swimming.
• Lophotrichous Flagella: A tuft of flagella at one or both ends of the bacterium.
This arrangement can provide rapid propulsion when the flagella rotate in unison.
6. Taxonomy of 5 Different Kinds of Bacteria
Here are five different bacteria along with their taxonomic classifications:
1. Escherichia coli
o Domain: Bacteria
o Phylum: Proteobacteria
o Class: Gammaproteobacteria
o Order: Enterobacterales
o Family: Enterobacteriaceae
o Genus: Escherichia
o Species: E. coli
2. Staphylococcus aureus
o Domain: Bacteria
o Phylum: Firmicutes
o Class: Bacilli
o Order: Bacillales
o Family: Staphylococcaceae
o Genus: Staphylococcus
o Species: S. aureus
3. Bacillus anthracis
o Domain: Bacteria
o Phylum: Firmicutes
o Class: Bacilli
o Order: Bacillales
o Family: Bacillaceae
o Genus: Bacillus
o Species: B. anthracis
4. Salmonella enterica
o Domain: Bacteria
o Phylum: Proteobacteria
o Class: Gammaproteobacteria
o Order: Enterobacterales
o Family: Enterobacteriaceae
o Genus: Salmonella
o Species: S. enterica
5. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
o Domain: Bacteria
o Phylum: Actinobacteria
o Class: Actinobacteria
o Order: Mycobacteriales
o Family: Mycobacteriaceae
o Genus: Mycobacterium
o Species: M. tuberculosis
