Prepared by ☺

Miss. Manar Saad

 ‫ارؾؾواماظعؾممعنماٌفدمإديماظؾقد ‪Never too old to learn‬‬

‫الوحدة ( ‪ 3‬ث )‬ ‫الوحدة ( ‪ 2‬ث )‬ ‫الوحدة ( ‪ 1‬ث )‬ ‫الصفحة‬ ‫الدرس‬ ‫م‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫أغواعماىؿل م‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫عّ‪١‬غ اٌّشاؽً‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫األصعالماٌلاسدة م‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪11‬‬ ‫األصعالماظـاضصة م‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫اٌضارعماظؾلقط م‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫اٌضارعماٌلؿؿر م‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪28‬‬ ‫اٌضارعماظؿام م‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪43‬‬ ‫اٌضارعماظؿامماٌلؿؿر م‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪47‬‬ ‫اٌاضيماظؾلقط م‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪51‬‬ ‫اٌاضيماٌلؿؿر م‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪55‬‬ ‫اٌاضيماظؿام م‬ ‫‪11‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪59‬‬ ‫اٌاضيماظؿامماٌلؿؿر م‬ ‫‪11‬‬

‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪71‬‬ ‫األصعالماظلؾؾقة م‬ ‫‪12‬‬

‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪81‬‬ ‫اٌؾينمظؾؿففول م‬ ‫‪13‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3-8‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪88‬‬ ‫أذؽالماٌلؿؼؾل‬ ‫‪14‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2-9‬‬ ‫‪93‬‬ ‫عؼارغةماظصػاتم م‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪98‬‬ ‫اظظروف‬ ‫‪16‬‬

‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪113‬‬ ‫اظصػاتماٌرطؾة‬ ‫‪17‬‬

‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪116‬‬ ‫‪ Phrasal Verbs‬م‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫‪119‬‬ ‫روابطماظـؿقفةم م‬ ‫‪19‬‬

‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪113‬‬ ‫تعؾرياتماظؿفزئةم م‬ ‫‪21‬‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪125‬‬ ‫اظضرورةمواإلظزام م‬ ‫‪21‬‬

‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪131‬‬ ‫االدؿـؿاج م‬ ‫‪22‬‬

‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪137‬‬ ‫اٌصدر‬ ‫‪23‬‬

‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪142‬‬ ‫ضؿائرماظوصل م‬ ‫‪24‬‬

‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪153‬‬ ‫اظؽالمماظغريمعؾاذر م‬ ‫‪25‬‬

‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪171‬‬ ‫‪IF‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪191‬‬ ‫أدواتماظؿعرؼفمواظـؽرة م‬ ‫‪27‬‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪196‬‬ ‫األمساءماظيتمتعدموالمتعد م‬ ‫‪28‬‬

‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪212‬‬ ‫األدؽؾةماٌذؼؾة م‬ ‫‪29‬‬

‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪215‬‬ ‫‪ seem / be meant / be supposed‬م‬ ‫‪31‬‬
‫‪219‬‬ ‫اظروابط م‬ ‫‪31‬‬
‫‪216‬‬ ‫اظضؿائر‬ ‫‪32‬‬
‫‪218‬‬ ‫‪Wish‬‬ ‫‪33‬‬
‫‪221‬‬ ‫اظلوابق م‬ ‫‪34‬‬
‫عّ‪١‬غ اٌّشاؽً‬ ‫‪222‬‬ ‫بعضماظـؼاطماظؾغوؼةماهلاعةمجداً م‬ ‫‪35‬‬

‫‪Miss. Manar Saad‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

 ♣ The English Principles
principle
‫خ‬٠‫ض‬١ٍ‫بد اٌٍغخ اإلٔغ‬١‫أعبع‬ ‫ ِثذأ‬/ ‫أعاط‬
He is a man of principles.
‫ء‬ٞ‫ ِثاد‬ٚ‫ سظً ر‬ٛ٘

words ‫وٍّبد‬ grammar ‫اػذ‬ٛ‫ل‬

*************************************************************************************
‫ م‬:‫أغواعماىؿلميفماظؾغةماإلنؾقزؼةم‬
‫مذيؾةمأعرؼة م‬-3‫ممممممممممممممممممممم‬ ‫م‬ ‫مذيؾةمادؿػفاعقة‬-2‫ممممممممم‬ ‫م‬ ‫م‬ ‫مذيؾةمخربؼة‬-1
*************************************************************************************

‫خ‬٠‫ٓ اٌغٍّخ اٌخجش‬٠ٛ‫رى‬

ً‫اٌفبػ‬ + ً‫اٌفؼ‬ + ٗ‫ي ث‬ٛ‫اٌّفؼ‬
subject verb object
S V O

‫ صفح‬+ ُ‫ش اع‬١ّ‫ ( ظ‬Pro ) ُ‫ ( اع‬N ) ‫ صفح صفح‬+ ُ‫ش اع‬١ّ‫ظ‬ ُ‫اع‬

a clever boy I Ali nice a tall girl me Mona

Subject Pronouns Object Pronouns

‫) ضؿائرماظػاسل ( اظضؿائرماظشكصقةمممممممممممم‬ ‫ضؿائرماٌػعولمبهم‬
‫أٔب‬ I (He saw me) me

ً‫ ٌٍّزوش اٌؼبل‬ٛ٘ He ( I saw him ) him

ً‫ ٌٍّإٔش اٌؼبل‬ٟ٘ She ( I saw her ) her
ً‫ش اٌؼبل‬١‫ ٌغ‬ٟ٘ ٚ‫ أ‬ٛ٘ It ( I saw it ) it

ُ‫ أٔز‬/ ‫أٔذ‬ You ( He saw you ) you

ٓ‫ٔؾ‬ We ( He saw us ) us
ُ٘ They ( I saw them ) them
*************************************************************************************
Pay attention :
The lions killed the man then ( they - it ) ate him.

Miss. Manar Saad 3

 ♣ The Verb

‫خ‬١‫أفؼبي أعبع‬ ‫أفؼبي ٔبلصخ‬ ‫أفؼبي ِغبػذح‬

Main verbs Modal verbs Helping verbs

V. to do V. to have V. to be

V. to be ْٛ‫ى‬٠ ً‫فؼ‬

Subject Present Past Past participle

‫صاسل‬ ‫عضارع‬ ‫عاضي‬ ‫أدمماٌػعول‬
I am was
He, She, It is was been
We, They, You are were

 It is an apple.
 He is a doctor. ‫مأيمذيؾةمالمبدمأنمهؿويمسؾىمصعل‬:‫اظؼاسدةماظذػؾقةم‬
 She was a nurse.
 We are farmers.
ٖ‫ّىٓ ػذ‬٠ ٞ‫ لجً االعُ اٌّفشد اٌز‬a/an ‫ظغ‬ٚ ُ‫ز‬٠ ٗٔ‫الؽع أ‬
*************************************************************************************

V. to do ً‫فؼ‬٠ ً‫فؼ‬

Subject Present Past Past participle

‫صاسل‬ ‫عضارع‬ ‫عاضي‬ ‫أدمماٌػعول‬
I, you, we, they do
did done
He, She, It does

 I did my work yesterday.

 She does her homework every day.
*************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 4

 V. to have ‫ٍّه‬٠ ً‫فؼ‬

Subject Present Past Past participle

‫صاسل‬ ‫عضارع‬ ‫عاضي‬ ‫أدمماٌػعول‬
I, you, we, they have got
had had
He, She, It has got

 I've got a nice car. (Br) // I have a nice car. (Am)

 Mona has got a cat. (Br) // Mona has a cat. (Am)
 They had a big farm. (Br) // They had a big farm. (Am)

*************************************************************************************
Translate into English :
‫ ثبٌٕمطخ‬ٟٙ‫اْ رٕز‬ٚ ‫ش‬١‫أْ رجذأ اٌغٍّخ ثبٌؾشف اٌىج‬ٚ ‫ٓ اٌىٍّبد‬١‫ أخز ِغبفخ ث‬ٟ‫ساػ‬

‫ م‬.‫معـىمممرضةموػـدمدطؿورة‬-1

............................................ ...................................... ................................................................................. ..................................

‫ م‬.‫مأغامعدرسموأخيمعزارع‬-2

............................................ ...................................... ............................................... ....................................................................

‫ م‬.‫معـىمصعؾتمواجؾفامأعس‬-3

............................................ ...................................... ...................................................................................................................

‫ م‬.‫مأغامرؾقبموسـديمسقادةمطؾرية‬-4

............................................ .........................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................. ...................................................................................................................

‫ م‬.‫محننمطـامعزارسنيموطانمظدؼـامعزرسةمطؾرية‬-5

............................................ ...................................... ...................................................................................................................

............................................ ...................................... ................................................................................................... ................

*************************************************************************************

The longest day has an end ‫ذإنذععذاظعدرذؼدرا‬

Miss. Manar Saad 5

 ‫ األفؼبي اٌّغبػذح‬ٟ‫♣ ٔف‬
. ‫ ) خٍف اٌفؼً اٌّغبػذ ِجبؽشح‬not ( ‫ األفؼبي اٌّغبػذح ٔعغ وٍّخ‬ٟ‫ٌٕف‬

 He is a doctor. He isn’t a doctor.

 I'm a teacher. I'm not a teacher. Don't say or write :
 I've got a cat. I haven’t got a cat. amn't
 She was a nurse. She wasn’t a nurse.
*************************************************************************************

ً٘ ٕٝ‫ٓ عإاي ثّؼ‬٠ٛ‫♣ رى‬

. ً‫ ً٘ ٔعغ اٌفؼً اٌّغبػذ لجً اٌفبػ‬ٕٝ‫ٓ عإاي ثّؼ‬٠ٛ‫ٌزى‬

 He is a doctor. Is he a doctor ? Yes, he is. // No, he isn’t.

 I'm a teacher. Are you a teacher ? Yes, I am. // No, I'm not.
 I've got a cat. Have you got a cat ? Yes, I have.// No, I haven’t.
 She was a nurse. Was she a nurse ? Yes, she was. // No, she wasn’t.
*************************************************************************************
Translate into English :
‫ ثبٌٕمطخ‬ٟٙ‫اْ رٕز‬ٚ ‫ش‬١‫أْ رجذأ اٌغٍّخ ثبٌؾشف اٌىج‬ٚ ‫ٓ اٌىٍّبد‬١‫ أخز ِغبفخ ث‬ٟ‫ساػ‬

‫ م‬.‫معـىمظقلتمممرضة‬-1

.................................................................................. ...................................................................................................................

‫مػلمأغتمعفـدسم؟ م‬-2

............................................ ...................................... ...................................................................................................................

‫مػلمسـدكمدقارةم؟ م‬-3

............................................ ...................................... ...................................................................................................................

‫ م‬.ً‫مأغامظلتمعدرداًموأخيمظقسمعزارسا‬-4

............................................ ...................................... ............................................................................................................. ......

*************************************************************************************

Speech is silver but silence is gold ‫إنمطانماظؽالممعنمصضهمصاظلؽوتمعنمذػب‬

Miss. Manar Saad 6

 ‫♣متدرؼؾاتمسؾىماألصعالماٌلاسدةم(‪)1‬م♣‬
‫‪1) Translate into English :‬‬
‫‪-1‬مػلمأغتميفماٌـزلم؟ م‬

‫‪.................................................................................. ...................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪-2‬ممػممظدؼفممعزرسةمطؾرية‪ .‬م‬

‫‪............................................ ...................................... ...................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪-3‬ممػلمعـىمتؾؿقذةمجمؿفدةم؟ م‬

‫‪............................................ ...................................... ...................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪-4‬مأغامأريدموسـديمدقارةمذيقؾة‪ .‬م‬

‫‪............................................ ...................................... ................................................................................................................ ...‬‬

‫‪-5‬مأبيمرؾقبموسـدهمسقادةمطؾرية‪ .‬م‬

‫‪............................................ ...................................... ..................................................................................... ..............................‬‬

‫‪-6‬مسؾيمظقسمدطؿور‪.‬مإغهمعدرسمظؾغةماإلنؾقزؼة‪ .‬م‬

‫‪............................................ ...................................... ....................................................................... ............................................‬‬

‫‪-7‬مػاغيمطانمعدرداً‪.‬ماآلنمػومعزارعموظدؼهمعزرسةمطؾرية‪ .‬م‬

‫‪............................................ ...................................... .................................................................. .................................................‬‬

‫‪............................................ ...................................... ...................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪-8‬مأغامسـديمضؾممأريرموأخيمسـدهمضؾممأزرق‪.‬مأغامعدرسموأخيمتؾؿقذ‪ .‬م‬

‫‪............................................ ...................................... ...................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪............................................ ...................................... ...................................................................................................................‬‬

‫*************************************************************************************‬

‫‪Miss. Manar Saad‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

 ‫♣متدرؼؾاتمسؾىماألصعالماٌلاسدةم(‪)2‬م♣‬
‫‪1) Translate into English :‬‬
‫‪-1‬مػلمأغتمشينمأممصؼريم؟ م‬

‫‪.................................................................................. ...................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪-2‬مػلمسـدكمطؾبمأممضطةم؟ م‬

‫‪............................................ ...................................... ...................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪-3‬ممػلمواظدؼكمميؾؽونمدقارة‪ .‬م‬

‫‪............................................ ...................................... ...................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪-4‬مػومالمذيءمألغهمضؾقلماألدب‪ .‬م‬

‫‪............................................ ...................................... ................................................................................................................ ...‬‬

‫‪-5‬ممػلمأخؿكمسـدػامحملمعالبسم؟ م‬

‫‪............................................ ...................................... .................................................................................... ...............................‬‬

‫‪-6‬مأبيمرجلمأسؿالموظؽنمظقسمظدؼهمذرطة‪ .‬م‬

‫‪............................................ ...................................... ............................................................... ....................................................‬‬

‫‪-7‬مسـديمطوعؾقوترموأخيتمسـدػامالبمتوب‪ .‬م‬

‫‪............................................ ...................................... ........................................... ........................................................................‬‬

‫‪-8‬مإغفممحمظوزونمألنمظدؼفممصقالميفماظلاحلماظشؿاظي‪ .‬م‬

‫‪............................................ ...................................... ................................... ................................................................................‬‬

‫‪............................................ .........................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫*************************************************************************************‬

‫‪Miss. Manar Saad‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

 ‫♣مبعضماظـؼاطماهلاعةمسؾىماألصعالماٌلاسدةمظؾطؾؾةماٌؿػوضني م‬

V. to do + V1 ‫ذ‬١‫غخ رغزخذَ ٌٍزأو‬١‫ص‬

- I do love you. ‫ أٔا فؼال أؼثه‬// He did kill him. ٍٗ‫ذ لر‬١‫ أو‬ٛ٘

V. to be + to +V1 ‫ؾخ‬١‫غخ رغزخذَ ٌٍٕص‬١‫ص‬

- You are to see a doctor. ‫ة‬١‫اسج اٌطث‬٠‫ه ص‬١ٍ‫عة ػ‬٠

V. to be + yet + to +V1 ٟ‫مخ ٌٍٕف‬٠‫غخ رغزخذَ وطش‬١‫ص‬

- He is yet to come. ‫أخ تؼذ‬٠ ٌُ ٛ٘

*************************************************************************************
- Now, I don't speak Chinese, but I do speak a little Korean. What is the function of
the underlined word "do" ? ( 2025 ٞ‫) االِرؽاْ االعرششاد‬
a) Deduction b) Contrast
c) Rhetoric d) Emphatic
............................................ ...................................... ...................................................................................................................

............................................ ...................................... ...................................................................................................................

............................................ ...................................... ............................................................................................................. ......

............................................ ...................................... ................................................... ................................................................

............................................ ............................... ..........................................................................................................................

.................................................................................. ...................................................................................................................

............................................ ...................................... ...................................................................................................................

............................................ ...................................... ........................................................................... ........................................

............................................ ...................................... ...................................................................................................................

......................................... ......................................... ...................................................................................................................

............................................ ...................................... ...................................................................................................................

............................................ ...................................... .................................................................................................... ...............

............................................ ...................................... .......................................... .........................................................................

............................................ .........................................................................................................................................................

............................................ ...................................... ...................................................................................................................

............................................ ...................................... ...................................................................................................................

Miss. Manar Saad 9

 ‫♣ األفؼبي إٌبلصخ‬
( can / could / will / would / shall / should / may / might / must /

had to / ought to / needn’t / daren't )

 I can carry this fridge on my own.

 Manar will travel tomorrow.
 I daren’t tell him the truth.
 You needn't take a taxi.

‫ف شاٌس‬٠‫ا ذصش‬ٌٙ ‫ظ‬١ٌ ‫ األفؼاي إٌالصح‬/ V1 ‫ اٌّصذس‬ٟ‫ا اٌفؼً ف‬ٙ‫رثؼ‬٠ ْ‫ٔالؼع أْ األفؼاي إٌالصح ال تذ أ‬
*************************************************************************************

‫ األفؼبي إٌبلصخ‬ٟ‫♣ ٔف‬

) ‫ ٌزٍه األفؼبي‬ٟ‫مخ إٌف‬٠‫ ( الؽع غش‬.‫ ) خٍف اٌفؼً إٌبلص ِجبؽشح‬not ( ‫ األفؼبي إٌبلصخ ٔعغ وٍّخ‬ٟ‫ٌٕف‬
 He can play tennis. He can't ( cannot ) play tennis.
 He could carry the box. He couldn’t carry the box.
 I will travel tomorrow. I won't travel tomorrow.
 He would kill the king. He wouldn't kill the king.
 We shall go to the zoo. We shan't go to the zoo.
 You should sleep early. You shouldn't sleep late.
 I may sleep. I may not sleep.
 He might go to prison. He might not go to prison.
 You must wear helmets. You mustn't touch the wire.
 You ought to sleep early. You ought not ( oughtn't ) to sleep late.
*************************************************************************************

ً٘ ٕٝ‫ٓ عإاي ثّؼ‬٠ٛ‫♣ رى‬

ً‫ ً٘ ٔعغ اٌفؼً إٌبلص لجً اٌفبػ‬ٕٝ‫ٓ عإاي ثّؼ‬٠ٛ‫ٌزى‬
 I will travel tomorrow. Will you travel tomorrow ? // No, I won't.
 Mona can play the piano. Can Mona play the piano ? // No, she can't.
*************************************************************************************
Miss. Manar Saad 10
1) Translate into English :
) ً‫ اٌّغزمج‬ٟ‫ ٌٓ ٌٕف‬/ ‫ اٌّعبسع‬ٟ‫ ال ٌٕف‬/ ٟ‫ اٌّبظ‬ٟ‫أزجٗ ( ٌُ ٌٕف‬

. ‫خ غذا‬٠‫ اإلعىٕذس‬ٌٝ‫ ٔؾٓ ٌٓ ٔز٘ت ئ‬-1

............................................ ...................................... ...................................................................................................................

. ً ‫عب ً عذا‬٠‫ٕبَ اٌجبسؽخ ألٔٗ وبْ ِش‬٠ ْ‫غزطغ أ‬٠ ٌُ ٍٟ‫ ػ‬-2

............................................ ...................................... ...................................................................................................................

............................................ ...................................... ...................................................................................................................

. ‫ اٌّذسعخ غذا‬ٌٝ‫ف أر٘ت ئ‬ٛ‫ ع‬ٟٔ‫غت أْ أٔبَ ِجىشا ً أل‬٠ -3

............................................ ...................................... ...................................................................................................................

............................................ ...................................... ................................................................................................................ ...

*************************************************************************************

♣ Some vocabulary
a can (n) ‫ػٍثح‬ a will (n) ‫ّح‬٠‫ ػض‬/ ‫ إسادج‬/ ‫ح‬١‫ص‬ٚ
canned food ‫غؼاَ ِؼٍة‬ a must (n) ‫سج‬ٚ‫ظش‬
an engineer ‫ٕذعح‬ِٙ ٚ‫ٕذط أ‬ِٙ sing – sang – sung ٟٕ‫غ‬٠
The North Coast ٌٟ‫اٌغاؼً اٌشّا‬ beat – beat – beaten ‫ك‬٠‫ فش‬ٚ‫ضَ شخص أ‬ٙ٠
a clinic ‫ادج‬١‫ػ‬ dance ( -d ) ‫شلص‬٠
a teacher of English ‫ح‬٠‫ض‬١ٍ‫ِذسط ٌغح إٔع‬ stay (at) home ‫ إٌّضي‬ٟ‫ّىس ف‬٠
song ‫ح‬١ٕ‫أغ‬ tell the truth - told ‫مح‬١‫ي اٌؽم‬ٛ‫م‬٠
at chess ‫ اٌشطشٔط‬ٟ‫ف‬ hit – hit - hit ‫عشب‬٠
sick = ill ‫ط‬٠‫ِش‬ rude = impolite ‫ً األدب‬١ٍ‫ ل‬/ ‫لػ‬ٚ
last night ‫ٍح أِظ‬١ٌ soon ً ‫ثا‬٠‫لش‬
because = as ْ‫أل‬ but ٓ‫ٌى‬ٚ
so ‫ٌزٌه‬ early # late ‫ ِرأخش‬# ً ‫ِثىشا‬
very heavy ٍّٗ‫ّىٓ ؼ‬٠ ٓ‫ٌى‬ٚ ً١‫شم‬ too heavy ٍّٗ‫ّىٓ ؼ‬٠ ‫ال‬ٚ ً١‫شم‬

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Miss. Manar Saad 11

 ‫♣ تدريبات على األفعال المساعدة والناقصة ( ‪) 1‬‬
‫‪1) Translate into English :‬‬
‫‪ٍ١ٌ -1‬خ أِظ ٌُ أعزطغ إٌ‪.َٛ‬‬

‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪٠ -2‬غت أْ رزؾٍ‪ ٝ‬ثاسادح ل‪٠ٛ‬خ‪.‬‬

‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪ -3‬أٔذ ال رغشؤ أْ رعشثٕ‪.ٟ‬‬

‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪ٕ٘ -4‬ذ ٌُ رغزطغ أْ رٕبَ أِظ‪.‬‬

‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪ ُ٘ -5‬وبْ ٌذ‪ِ ُٙ٠‬ضسػخ وج‪١‬شح‪.‬‬

‫‪..................................................................................................................................................................................... ................‬‬

‫‪ٌ ٛ٘ -6‬ذ‪ ٗ٠‬ػ‪١‬بدح ألٔٗ غج‪١‬ت‪.‬‬

‫‪....................................................................................................................................................... ..............................................‬‬

‫‪ -7‬أٔب ع‪ٛ‬ف أٍِه ع‪١‬بسح لش‪٠‬جب ً‪.‬‬

‫‪............................................................................................................................ .........................................................................‬‬

‫‪ ِٕٝ ً٘ -8‬رغزط‪١‬غ أْ رغٕ‪ٚ ٟ‬رشلص ؟‬

‫‪................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪ٔ -9‬ؾٓ ٌذ‪ٕ٠‬ب ِضسػخ ألٕٔب ِضاسػ‪.ْٛ‬‬

‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪ -10‬وبْ ٌذ‪ِ ٞ‬ضسػخ ألٔ‪ ٟ‬وٕذ ِضاسع‪.‬‬

‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪ -11‬ع‪ٛ‬ف أعبفش ئٌ‪ ٝ‬اإلعىٕذس‪٠‬خ غذاً‪.‬‬

‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪ -12‬أِظ وٕذ ِزأخشا ً ٌزٌه اظطشسد أْ آخز ربوغ‪.ٟ‬‬

‫‪.................................................................................. ...................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪............................................ ...................................... ...................................................................................................................‬‬

‫*************************************************************************************‬

‫‪Miss. Manar Saad‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬

 ‫♣ تدريبات على األفعال المساعدة والناقصة ( ‪) 2‬‬
‫‪Translate into English :‬‬
‫‪ ً٘ -1‬رغزط‪١‬غ أْ ر‪ٙ‬ضِٕ‪ ٟ‬ف‪ ٟ‬اٌؾطشٔظ ؟‬

‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪ -2‬ال رغشؤ ػٍ‪ ٝ‬ئخجبس ‪ٚ‬اٌذر‪ ٟ‬اٌؾم‪١‬مخ‪.‬‬

‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪........................................................................................................................................................................ .............................‬‬

‫‪ -3‬ع‪ٛ‬ف أو‪ ْٛ‬عؼ‪١‬ذا ً ألٔ‪ ٟ‬ع‪ٛ‬ف أو‪ِ ْٛ‬ؼه‪.‬‬

‫‪.................................................................................................................................................... .................................................‬‬

‫‪.......................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪ ٌُ -4‬أعزطغ أْ أؽًّ اٌصٕذ‪ٚ‬ق ‪ .‬ئٔٗ صم‪ ً١‬عذاً‪.‬‬

‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪..................................................................................................................................................................................... ................‬‬

‫‪ ٌٓ -5‬أٔبَ ا‪ ْ٢‬ألٔ‪ ٟ‬ع‪ٛ‬ف أؽب٘ذ اٌزٍفبص‪.‬‬

‫‪................................................................................................................................................................... ..................................‬‬

‫‪......................................................................................................... ............................................................................................‬‬

‫‪٠ -6‬غت أْ رى‪ِ ْٛ‬إدثب ً ف‪ ٟ‬اٌؾفٍخ‪.‬‬

‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪......................................................................................................................................................................... ............................‬‬

‫‪ -7‬أِظ وٕذ ِش‪٠‬عب ً ٌزٌه اظطشسد أْ أِىش ف‪ ٟ‬إٌّضي‪.‬‬

‫‪................................................................................................................................................................ .....................................‬‬

‫‪...................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................‬‬

‫‪ -8‬أٔب ع‪ٛ‬ف أعبفش غذا ‪ٚ‬أٔذ ع‪ٛ‬ف رّىش ف‪ ٟ‬إٌّضي ألٔه ِزؼت‪.‬‬

‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

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‫*************************************************************************************‬

‫‪Miss. Manar Saad‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬

 ‫♣مبعضماظـؼاطماهلاعةمسؾىماألصعالماظـاضصةمظؾطؾؾةماٌؿػوضني م‬

: ٟ٘ٚ Modals ‫خ‬١‫غ‬١‫ٕ٘بن أفؼبي ٔبلصخ سئ‬

can/could / will/would / may/might / shall/should / must

: ٟ٘ٚ Semi-modals ‫شاد ؽجٗ ٔبلصخ‬١‫رؼج‬ٚ ‫ٕ٘بن أفؼبي‬ٚ

ought to / had to / used to / be going to / have to / has to / had better / would rather / needn't / daren't

‫ اٌّصذس ثؼذ٘ب‬ٟ‫ فؼً ف‬ٌٝ‫رؾزبط ئ‬ٚ ‫ ثّفشد٘ب‬ٕٝ‫ ِؼ‬ٞ‫ؽجٗ إٌبلصخ ال رإد‬ٚ ‫الؽع أْ األفؼبي إٌبلصخ‬

You should study your lessons hard. // Sama is going to join university.

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Miss. Manar Saad 14

 ♣Tenses ♣
 The Present Simple Tense ‫المضارع البسيط‬
‫تكوينه – استخدامه – الكلمات الدالظ عليه – نغيه – تكوين السؤال – المبني للمجهول‬

‫م م‬: ‫متكوينه‬-1
I , You , We , They V1
He , She , It V1 + s / es
‫م‬
‫ذ ذ‬He , She , It‫ذععذضؿائرذاظػاسلذاطػردذ‬es‫ذأوذ‬s‫ذوظؽـهذؼتؿقزذبإضاصةذ‬V1‫ؼتؽونذاطضارعذاظبدقطذعنذذؽلذاظػعلذيفذاطصدرذ‬
‫ ذ‬.‫ ذ‬Khalid , Norhan , the sky‫أوذادمذحيلذحملذاظضؿريذ‬
‫ذ‬es‫ذؼضافذظؾػعلذ‬ss , sh , ch , x , o ‫سـدعاذؼـتفيذاظػعلذبـذ‬ 
I cross / He crosses / I rush / He rushes
‫ذعباذرةذظؾػعل ذ‬s‫ (ذغضقفذ‬a – e – o – u – I )‫ذضبؾفاذحرفذعتحركذ‬y‫األصعالذاظيتذتـتفيذحبرفذ‬ 
I obey / He obeys / I say / He says
‫ذ‬es‫ذثمذغضقفذ‬i‫ذضبؾفاذحرفذداطنذزولذإىلذ‬y‫األصعالذاظيتذتـتفيذحبرفذ‬ 
I carry / He carries / I hurry / He hurries
*************************************************************************************

‫ ذ‬: ‫ماستخدامه‬-2
‫م م‬Facts & Habits‫أ)مظؾؿعؾريمسنمايؼائقمواظعاداتمم‬
1- The sun rises in the east. 2- The sun sets in the west. 3- The earth is round.
4- The sun orbits the earth. 5- I get up early. 6- Mona goes to school on foot.
‫م م‬.‫ب)مسـدموصفماألذكاصمواألذقاءم‬
1- He is tall and thin. 2- The weather is nice. 3- My room is tidy.
‫ م‬.‫ج)مظؾؿعؾريمسنماٌلؿؼؾلميفمحاظةماٌواسقدماجملدوظةم‬
The train arrives at 7 am. // The film starts at night . // The planes take off in the morning.
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‫ ذ‬: ‫مالكلنات الدالة‬-3

usually ‫ سادة‬, always ً‫ دائؿا‬, sometimes ً‫ أحقاغا‬, often ً‫ شاظبا‬, not often ً‫ظقسذشاظبا‬, every ‫ ( طـلذ‬year , day , month ), rarely
‫ غـادراًذ‬, generally ‫ سؿوعـاًذ‬, frequently ‫ عـراراًذ‬, seldom = scarcely ‫ غـادراًذ‬, on Sundays , Fridays … , twice a week
(a year , a month ), hardly ‫ باظؽاد‬, ever ‫ دبقذ‬, never ً‫ أبدا‬, occasionally = from time to time ‫ذعنذحنيذآلخر‬.

Note :
v. to be V. to have/do
modal verbs / always / never / usually / main verbs

‫ ذ‬:‫ذ‬to be‫ذبقـؿاذتأتيذبعدذصعلذ‬to have‫وزروفذاظتؽرارذػذهذتأتيذضبلذاألصعالذاألدادقةذوطذظكذصعلذ‬ 

She is never late to school. // Khalid always wears a dark suit.
‫ ذ‬:‫ػـاكذزروفذزعانذتأتيذيفذبداؼةذاشؿؾةذأوذيفذأخرػاذ‬ 
Every day, I have a walk by the river. // On Sundays , I go to the zoo with my family.

Miss. Manar Saad 15

 ‫ م‬:‫ ميؽنمادؿكداممزعنماٌضارعماظؾلقطمأوماٌضارعماظؿاممععماظروابطماآلتقةمظؾؿعؾريمسنماٌلؿؼؾلم‬

‫معلؿؼؾلم‬+‫مم‬as soon as / after / once / when / until – till / before‫ممم‬+ ‫عضارعمبلقطمأومعضارعمتامم‬

‫ م‬Or
‫مممممصعلمأعرمعـؾتمأومعـػي م‬+‫مممماظروابطممممم‬+ ‫عضارعمبلقطمأومتاممممم‬

He will phone her when she arrives.

We won't leave until / till he comes back.
Turn off the lights when you leave the room.
She will go to the bed after she finishes her homework.

‫ ذ‬:‫منفيه‬-4

‫ذخؾفذاظػعلذاطداسدذأوذاظـاضص ذ‬not‫باظـدبةذظألصعالذاطداسدةذأوذاظـاضصةذؼتمذغػقفاذبوضعذ‬ 

He is a doctor. -- He isn’t a doctor. Take care ٗ‫أزج‬

have # don't have
He can swim well. -- He can't swim well. has # doesn't have
She has got a cat. -- She hasn't got a cat. had # didn't have

(‫ذ‬don’t + V1 )‫ذ‬I‫م(ذوععذضؿائرذاشؿعذواظضؿريذ‬doesn’t + V1 )‫باظـدبةذظألصعالذاألدادقةذععذضؿائرذاطػردذ‬ 

I eat # I don’t eat He eats # He doesn’t eat We go # We don't go

)‫ ذ‬never , seldom , hardly , rarely‫وميؽنذغػقهذبؽؾؿاتذعثلذ(ذ‬ 

We never go to school by taxi .

She never goes to school on foot .

1- Mona has a cat . ………………………………..…………………………………………….….…………

2- They have a car . ………………………………..……………………………………………...……..……

3- Mona has got a cat . ………………………………..…………………………………...…………………

4- Mona will travel tomorrow . ………………………………..…………………………..……….………

5- Mona eats meat every month . ………………………………..……………………………..….………

6- They go to the club by taxi . ………………………………..……………………………..……………

7- I went to the zoo yesterday . ………………………………..……………………….…….……………

*************************************************************************************
Miss. Manar Saad 16
 ‫ ذ‬:‫متكوين السؤال‬-5

‫تكوين الجملة االستفهامية في زمن المضارع البسيط‬

‫سالعةماالدؿػفاممممتؽؿؾةماىؿؾةممماظػعلماألداديم(ماٌصدرم)ممماظػاسلممماظػعلماٌلاسدمممممممممممطؾؿةماالدؿػفامم م‬
‫اظـاضصمممممممممممممممممممممممم م‬
What ‫ِارا‬ ‫مممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممأوم‬
Where ٓ٠‫أ‬ ‫إرا ٌُ ٔعذ‬ٚ V1
When ٝ‫ِر‬ َ‫ٔغرخذ‬ ْٚ‫ي د‬ٚ‫ شىٍٗ األ‬ٟ‫اٌفؼً ف‬
Who ِٓ do ‫ إظافاخ‬ٞ‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬
How ‫ف‬١‫و‬ does go - play - have - do
Why ‫ٌّارا‬ did ‫ذ‬
Whose ٌّٓ
How old ‫ذ‬
How much do / does / did ‫ اٌغؤاي‬ٟ‫ظذٔا ف‬ٚ ‫ إرا‬: ‫خ‬١‫لبػذح ر٘ج‬
How many ‫ اٌّصذس‬ٟ‫ فؼً ٔالص فال تذ أْ ٔعذ اٌفؼً ف‬ٚ‫ذ أ‬
What time Where did Manar go yesterday ?
What languages can you speak ? ‫ذ‬

* Mr. Sameh goes to work on foot. // How does Mr Sameh go to work ?

* Omar went to the zoo yesterday. // When did Omar go to the zoo ?

* Khaled can swim and sing easily. // What can Khaled do easily ?

* Manar drinks milk every day. // Who drinks milk every day ?

* She has got a doll. // What has she got ? (Br)

* She has a doll. // What does she have ? (Am)

* She had a doll. // What did she have ? (Am/Br)

1- Mona has a cat. ………….......……………………..…………………………………………….…….………

2- They have a car. …………………….......…………..……………………………………………..……..……

3- Manar has got a cat. ………………………….......…..……………………………………………..………

4- Mona will travel tomorrow. ………………….......……………..……………………..…………..………

5- Mona eats meat every month. ……………….......………………..……………………………….………

6- They go to the club by taxi. ………………………………..………………….......………..…...…………

7- I went to the zoo yesterday. ………………………………..……………….......…………….……………

*************************************************************************************
Miss. Manar Saad 17
 ‫ ذ‬:‫ماملبين للنجهول‬-6
ٗ‫ي ث‬ٛ‫ اٌّفؼ‬O + am / is / are + P.P ( by + S ً‫)اٌفبػ‬

*************************************************************************************
:‫عؾقوزةمػاعةمجدامخاصةمبزعنماٌضارعماظؾلقطم‬
‫مذطرغامدابؼاُمأنماظؽؾؿاتماظداظةمتأتيمبعدماألصعالماٌلاسدةمأوماظـاضصةم م‬-

Mr. Sameh is always interested in teaching the English language.

‫وظؽنمذرطمأنمتؽونماىؿؾةمطاعؾةموظؽنمإنمملمتؽنمطاعؾةمصإنماظؽؾؿاتماظداظةمتأتيمضؾلماظػعلماٌلاسدمأوماظـاضصم م‬

Yes, he is always interested in teaching the English language.

(or) Yes, he always is.
‫م‬

- Is Mr. Ahmed usually fond of watching action movies ? ( 2025 ٞ‫) االِرؽاْ االعرششاد‬
a) Yes, he is usually. b) Yes, he usually is.
c) No, he is never. d) No, he isn't ever.
*************************************************************************************

A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush

‫ اٌؾغشح‬ٍٝ‫ش ِٓ ػؾشح ػ‬١‫ذ خ‬١ٌ‫ ا‬ٟ‫س ف‬ٛ‫ػصف‬

Miss. Manar Saad 18

  Have = have got

‫ذطػعلذعداسدذوصعلذأصؾيذوػوذعنذاألصعالذاظيتذطثرياًذعاذؼدتخدعفاذاظـارقذباإلرؾقزؼةذإالذأنذػــاكذاخـت فذرػقـفذ‬have‫*ذميؽنذادتخدامذ‬

‫ذذيفذحـنيذأنذ‬has got / have got‫ذشاظبـاًذتدـتخدمذ‬British English‫بـنيذاطتحـدثنيذباظؾفجـةذاظاؼطاغقـةذواألعرؼؽقـةذصـجـدذأنذ‬

‫ ذ‬.‫ذذصؼطذ‬have / has ‫ذتدتخدمذ‬American English

‫ذ‬

♪ British English ♪ American English

 I have got a new computer.  I have a new computer.
 Noran has got a good camera.  Noran has a good camera.
 They haven’t got any novels.  They don’t have any novels.
 Have you got a new car ?  Do you have a computer ?
Yes, I have. // No, I haven’t. Yes, I do. // No, I don’t.

‫ممصؼطم م‬had ‫موظؽنمتلؿكدمم‬got ‫*مأعاميفمزعنماٌاضيمصالمتلؿكدمم‬

- He had a new camera last month.
- He didn’t have a new camera last month.
- Did you have a new camera last month ?
Yes, I did. // No, I didn’t.

‫م م‬:‫عالحظةم‬
‫م م‬do , does , did‫ممطػعلمأداديميفماألدؽؾةمواظـػيمغلؿكدمم‬have / has ‫*ميفمحاالتمادؿكدامم‬
‫م‬

- I have a swim every day. I don’t have a swim.

- Do you have a swim every day ?
*************************************************************************************

A friend in need is a friend

indeed

‫ك‬١‫لذ اٌع‬ٚ ‫ك‬٠‫اٌصذ‬

Miss. Manar Saad 19

‫‪ Talk about yourself :‬‬
‫عرحؾاًم‪.‬مأغامأريد‪.‬مسـديم‪17‬مدـةم‪.‬أغامتؾؿقذميفماٌرحؾةماظـاغوؼةم‪.‬سـديمضطةمذيقؾةموظؽنمظقسمسـديمطؾبم‪.‬مأهؾىم‬

‫بإرادةمضوؼة‪.‬مسـديمثالثمأخواتم‪.‬مواظديمسؾىماٌعاشموواظدتيمعدردةم‪.‬مأحبمظعبمطرةماظؼدمم‪.‬مالمأحبماظلبؾاحةم‪.‬م‬

‫أدؿطقعمأنماردمموأشينموظؽينمالمأدؿطقعماظلؾاحةم‪.‬مجيبمسؾيّمأنمأصعلمواجيبمطلمؼومم‪.‬مععماظلالعةم‪ .‬م‬

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‫) ِغ اٌغالِخ ‪ /Goodbye‬ع اٌّؼبػ ‪ / retired‬ئسادح ل‪٠ٛ‬خ ‪ / a strong will‬رٍّ‪١‬ز صبٔ‪ِ / a secondary student ٞٛ‬شؽجب ‪( Hello‬‬
‫********************************************************************************************‬

‫‪ ً٘ -1‬وٕذ ف‪ ٟ‬إٌّضي أِظ ؟‬

‫‪............................................................................................ .........................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪ ً٘ -2‬أٔذ ف‪ ٟ‬إٌّضي ا‪ ْ٢‬؟‬

‫‪............................................................................................ .........................................................................................................‬‬

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‫‪Miss. Manar Saad‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬

 ) 1 ( ‫ تدريبات على المضارع البسيط‬
1- Choose :
1- I ( like – likes ) coffee. 5- She ( is – have – has ) got a cat.

2- Ali ( get up – gets up ) in the morning. 6- We ( are – have – is ) doctors.

3- Ahmed ( watch – watches ) TV every day. 7- I ( is / am / was ) born in Cairo.

4- Cows ( give – gives ) us milk. 8- You should ( sleeps – sleeping – sleep ) early.

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2- Use ( Do – Does – Are - Is ) :
1- …………… she a nurse ? 6- ………. he eat meat ?

2- …………… Seif like coffee ? 7- ………… Menna like coffee ?

3- …………… the children like fish ? 8- ………… the children happy ?

4- …………… tourists like Egypt ? 9- ………… a tourist like Egypt?

5- …………… a guide help tourists ? 10- ………… a teacher clever ?

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3- Negative the following :
1- Omar has a cat. ………………………………………….....................……………………………..

2- Dalia likes maths. ………………………………………….....................……………………………..

3- The men drink tea. ………………………………………….....................……………………………..

4- They speak English. ………………………………………….....................……………………………..

5- Mai always comes late. ………………………………………….....................……………………………..

6- Khalid will play tennis. ………………………………………….....................……………………………..

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4- Make a question :
1- Ahmed is playing tennis. …………………………………………...................……………………………..

2- Mona bought a new dress. …………………………………………...................……………………………..

3- Gehad eats apples every day. …………………………………………...................……………………………..

4- Dalia wrote a letter last month. …………………………………………...................……………………………..

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Miss. Manar Saad 21

 ) 2 ( ‫ تدريبات على المضارع البسيط‬
1- Find the mistakes :
1- Elephants eats grass. ……………………

2- He never go to work by bus. ……………………

3- Are you speak English well ? ……………………

4- She usually is honest and polite. ……………………

5- Do you happy to be back with us ? ……………………

6- We aren’t go to school on Friday. ……………………

7- He often visit us when he is free. ……………………

8- She goes never to school on foot. ……………………

9- She isn’t like living with her relatives. ……………………

10- The Earth go round itself every twenty four hours. ……………………

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2- Choose the correct answer :
1- She never ( stay – stays – stayed – staying ) up late.

2- He ( doesn’t – didn’t – never – won't ) gets up early.

3- Mr Sameh ( is always invited – always invites ) to the party.

4- Dalia often ( gets – get – got – is getting ) up early in the morning.

5- Some people ( are grow – are grown – grow ) vegetables in their gardens.

6- Cats usually ( chase – chasing – chased – chases ) mice . They are not friends.

7- Khalid and Omar ( visits – are visiting – visit – have visited ) their friends every Friday.

8- ( How often – How many – When – How long ) do you go to school library ? – Twice a week.

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Necessity is the mother of invention ‫اٌؾبعخ أَ االخزشاع‬

Miss. Manar Saad 22

  ) 1 ( ‫ امتحان على المضارع البسيط‬
Choose the correct answer :
1- Meat ( eat - eats - is eaten - was eaten ) yesterday.

2- What hobbies ( did - does - are - do ) you interested in ?

3- My homework ( do - did - is done - was done ) yesterday.

4- Don't go out until your work ( does - did - will do - is done ).

5- A cow ( sells - sell - is sold - was sold ) at the market every Thursday.

6- I'll leave as soon as the babysitter ( arrive - will arrive - arrives - arrived ).

7- A letter ( write - writes - is written - was written ) every day by Mr. Sameh.

8- A lot of rubbish ( collect - are collected - is collected - collects ) every week.

9- Pens ( buy - is bought - are bought - were bought ) for the bookshop yesterday.

10- Egyptian cotton clothes ( are selling - to sell - are sold - sold ) all over the world.

11- The company ( run - runs - is run - doesn't run ) by this manager. ( run ‫ش‬٠‫ذ‬٠ / ٞ‫عش‬٠ )

12- Candies ‫اخ‬٠ٍٛ‫ ( ؼ‬eat always - always eat - always are eaten - are always eaten ) by kids.

13- How much time ( are spending - you spend -is spent - does you spend ) on social media ?

14- Mr Sameh ( liked - does like - is liking - doesn't like ) football. He's so enthusiastic ‫ ِرؽّظ‬about it.

15- Mona ( comes always - always comes - always come - never comes ) late for school. She is careless.

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A cat has nine lives

‫مثل القطط بسبع أرواح‬

Miss. Manar Saad 23

  ) 2 ( ‫ امتحان على المضارع البسيط‬
1- Choose the correct answer :
1- She doesn't ( is - has - have - does ) a cat.

2- Where is she ( go - goes - went - going ) ?

3- You are ( see - saw - sees - to see ) a doctor.

4- " We" ( are - is - has - have ) a telecom company.

5- He ( doesn't - didn't – isn’t - never ) gets up late.

6- My parents ( live - lives - is - was ) in Mit Ghamr.

7- Where did she ( go - goes - went - going ) yesterday ?

8- Wood ( is floated – floating – floats – float ) on water.

9- Most cars in Egypt ( run - ran - is run - runs ) on petrol.

10- What languages can he ( spoke - speak - speaks - spoken )?

11- Trees ( use – is used – have used – are used ) in paper making.

12- We won't leave till he ( come - came - comes - is coming ) back.

13- The secondary exams ( starts - is - are - will start ) on July 2022.

14- I will call her when she ( will arrive - arrives - arrive - have arrived ).

15- The team's plane ( will arrive - arrive - arrives - has arrived ) at 7 a.m.

16- Turn off the lights when you ( will leave - leaves - leave - left ) your room.

17- Dalia and Mona often ( gets - get - got - is getting ) up early in the morning.

18- I ( have always - always have - am always - always am ) a coffee every day.

19- Strange things ( is happened – are happen – happens – happen ) every day.

20- My sister is overweight . She ( weigh - weighs - weighes - is weighing ) 100 kg.

21- Some people ( are grow - are grown - grow - grew ) vegetables in their gardens.

22- She did ( knows - know - knew - to know ) the truth concerning her father's death.

23- My mother ( gets up always - get up always - always get up - always gets up ) early.

24- Khaled and Omar ( visits - visit - are visiting - have visited ) their friends every Friday.

25- Air conditionings ( damage – damages – is damaged – are damaged ) the environment.
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Miss. Manar Saad 24
  The Present Continuous Tense ‫المضارع المستمر‬

‫ذ ذ‬: ‫متكوينه‬-1
I am
He , She , It is + V-ing
You , We , They are
‫ذ‬ing‫ذذحنذصفاذوغضقفذ‬e ‫سـدعاذؼـتفيذاظػعلذبـذ‬ 
write = writing come = coming
‫ذعباذرة‬ing‫ذذغضقفذ‬y ‫سـدعاذؼـتفيذاظػعلذبـذ‬ 
study = studying cry = crying
‫ سـدعاذؼتؽونذاظػعلذعنذعؼطعذواحدذوؼـتفيذحبرفذداطنذؼدبؼهذحرفذعتحركذغضاسفذاصرفذاألخريذ‬
hit = hitting run = running stop = stopping
cut = cutting sit = sitting swim = swimming
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‫ ذ‬: ‫ماستخدامه‬-2
‫ذ ذ‬.‫أ)ذظؾتعبريذسنذحدثذحيدثذاآلنذأوذعواضفذعدتؿرةذزدثذحولذاطضارعذوظقسذباظضرورةذاآلنذأوذسـدذوصفذصورةذ‬
It's raining now. // Ali is taking the final exams these days. // Are you still working in London ?
‫ذ ذ‬.‫ب)ذععذاظػرتاتذاطؤضتةذ‬
I'm living with some friends until I find a place of my own.
‫ج)ذظؾتعبريذسنذحدثذؼػعؾهذاظـاسذعرةذبعدذعرةذ(ذاظتعبريذسنذاظضققذ) ذ‬
Why is he always making so such noise ? // They're always complaining.

‫ ذ‬.‫ذ)ذواظدػرذواظزؼاراتذواالجتؿاساتذ‬arrange , prepare , book or get tickets‫(ذ‬.‫د)ذؼدتعؿلذصدثذدوفذحيدثذيفذاطدتؼبلذختططذظهذعدبؼاًذ‬

‫ذ‬

He is traveling to Paris tomorrow. // I'm giving my birthday next week.

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‫ ذ‬: ‫مالكلنات الدالة‬-3

now ‫ اآلن‬, at this moment ‫ يفذػذهذاظؾحظة‬, at present ‫ يفذاظوضتذاصاضر‬, still ‫ الذؼزال‬, look‫ أغظرذ‬, listen‫ادتؿعذ‬
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‫ ذ‬:‫منفيه‬-4
He is playing now. # He isn’t playing now.
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‫ ذ‬:‫متكوين السؤال‬-5
Is your mom sleeping ? // Where are you going ? // Are you studying ?
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‫ ذ‬:‫ماملبين للنجهول‬-6
O + am / is / are + being + P.P ( by + S )

The carpenter is fixing the chairs. = The chairs are being fixed ( by the carpenter ).
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Miss. Manar Saad 25

 ‫بعضماٌالحظاتماهلاعةماًاصةمبزعنماٌضارعماٌلؿؿرم‪ :‬م‬
‫‪-1‬مالمؼُلؿكدممزعنماٌضارعم اٌلؿؿرموالماألزعـةماٌلؿؿرةمبوجهمساممععمأصعالماظشعورموايسمواإلدراكمواٌؾؽقةموؼُلؿكدممبدلمعـهماٌضارعماظؾلقط م‬

‫)‪ : see , hear , notice , enjoy , miss , (seem/taste/look/sound/smell + adj‬أصعالماظشعور ‪A. Verbs of senses‬‬

‫‪ : think , feel , realize , know , understand , mean , suppose , believe ,‬أصعبالمماألراء ‪B. Verbs of thinking‬‬

‫‪expect , remember , forget , recall , recollect , trust , mind , matter , depend , concern , need ,‬‬
‫‪impress , satisfy , please , prefer , recognize , exist , resemble , appear , deny , agree , depend‬‬
‫‪ : want , desire , refuse , forgive , wish , care , hate , love , like ,‬أصعبالماظعارػبةم ‪C. Verbs of emotion‬‬

‫‪dislike , detest , adore , miss‬‬

‫‪ : consist of, contain , conclude , cost , fit , deserve , measure ,‬أصعبالمماظؼقباسم ‪D. Verbs of measurement‬‬

‫‪suit , weigh‬‬
‫‪ : own , belong , possess , [Link] have , owe‬أصعالماٌؾؽقة ‪E. Verbs of possessing‬‬

‫‪-2‬مالحظمادؿكدامماألصعالماآلتقةم‪ :‬م‬

‫*ذاظػعل ‪look‬ذإذاذأُتبعذبصػةذصؿعـاهذؼؾدوذوالذؼُدتخدمذععذاألزعـةذاطدتؿرةذوظؽنذمبعـىذؼـظر أومؼؾقثذميؽنذأنذغدتخدعهذععذاألزعـةذاطدتؿرة ذ‬

‫)‪ He is looking at me. // He looks happy. (NOT: He is looking happy‬‬
‫*ذاظػعلذ ‪see‬ذذإذاذجاءذمبعـىذاظرؤؼةذالذؼُدتخدمذععذاألزعـةذاطدتؿرةذوظؽنذإذاذجاءذمبعـىذاظزؼارةذميؽنذأنذغدتخدعهذععذاألزعـةذاطدتؿرة ذ‬
‫‪ I see a bird in the sky now. // I'm seeing the dentist tonight.‬‬
‫*ذاظػعلذ ‪think‬ذإذاذجاءذمبعـىذاظرأيذالذؼُدتخدمذععذاألزعـةذاطدتؿرةذوظؽنذإذاذجاءذمبعـىذاظؿػؽريذميؽنذأنذغدتخدعهذععذاألزعـةذاطدتؿرة ذ‬
‫? ‪ I think she is intelligent. // What do you think of this man‬‬
‫? ‪ We are thinking about travelling abroad. // What are you thinking about‬‬
‫*ذاظػعل ‪taste‬ذإذاذأُتبعذبصػةذصؿعـاهذعذاضهذوالذؼُدتخدمذععذاألزعـةذاطدتؿرةذوظؽنذإذاذجاءذمبعـىذؼؿذوقذميؽنذأنذغدتخدعهذععذاألزعـةذاطدتؿرة ذ‬
‫‪ This food tastes delicious. // She is tasting the soup to see if it needs more salt.‬‬
‫*ذاظػعل ‪smell‬ذإذاذأُتبعذبصػةذصؿعـاهذذومرائقةذوالذؼُدتخدمذععذاألزعـةذاطدتؿرةذوظؽنذإذاذجاءذمبعـىذؼشمذميؽنذأنذغدتخدعهذععذاألزعـةذاطدتؿرة ذ‬
‫‪ This food smells good/bad. He is smelling the flowers in the vase.‬‬
‫*ذاظػعل ‪enjoy‬ذإذاذجاءذمبعـىذؼلؿؿؿعذبوجهذسامذالذؼُدتخدمذععذاألزعـةذاطدتؿرةذوظؽنذإذاذمتذختصقصذاالدتؿتاعذميؽنذأنذغدتخدعهذععذاألزعـةذاطدتؿرة ذ‬
‫‪ I enjoy living in Sharm Sheikh. // I am enjoying my holiday in Sharm Sheikh.‬‬
‫*ذاظػعل ‪weigh‬ذإذاذجاءذمبعـىذؼزنموزغهذذالذؼُدتخدمذععذاألزعـةذاطدتؿرةذوظؽنذمبعـىذؼؼزمذبوزنذميؽنذأنذغدتخدعهذععذاألزعـةذاطدتؿرة ذ‬
‫‪ This apple weighs 70 grams. // The butcher is weighing the meat.‬‬
‫*ذاظػعل ‪feel‬ذإذاذجاءذمبعـىذؼعؿؼدمأومؼعطيمعؾؿسذالذؼُدتخدمذععذاألزعـةذاطدتؿرةذوظؽنذمبعـىذؼشعرذميؽنذأنذغدتخدعهذععذاألزعـةذاطدتؿرة ذ‬
‫‪ I feel he is right. // The floor feels smooth. // I’m feeling hot. // She is feeling better.‬‬
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‫‪Miss. Manar Saad‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬
 ♣ ‫♣ تدريبات على المضارع المستمر‬
1- Choose :
1- Nada ( is being - is - was - are ) ill now.

2- Look ! they ( are running – ran – were running – run ).

3- What ( does – was – has – is ) Soha doing at the moment ?

4- My room ( is cleaning – is cleaned – is being cleaned ) now.

5- He ( is seeming – seem – was seeming – seems ) very happy now.

6- Stories ( are loving - are being loved - are loved - love ) by children.

7- This shirt ( is fitting - isn't fitting - fits - doesn't fit ) you. Try another one.

8- Listen ! the maid ( sing – was singing – has sung – is singing ) in the kitchen.

9- Hala ( comes – come – is coming – has come ) to my birthday party next Friday.

10- I won't buy this car because it ( is costing - costing - costs - cost ) too much money.

11- I have to go now by taxi as my car ( is being fixed – is fixing – is fixed – fixes ) now.

12- Rehab ( realises - doesn't realise - is realising - realise ) everything clearly. She is intelligent.

♣ ‫♣ أسئلة كراسة املفاهيم‬

1- The chicken ( is smelling - smell - smells ) delicious.

2- That pencil ( belongs - is belonging - belong ) to me.

3- I ( enjoy - am enjoying - enjoys ) living in Barcelona, Spain.

4- I ( enjoy - am enjoying - enjoys ) my holiday in Barcelona, Spain.

5- I ( am thinking - thinks - thought - think ) Alex is a beautiful city.

6- I ( am wanting - wants - wanted - want ) to study abroad when I'm older.

7- I ( am thinking - thinks - thought - think ) about spending my holiday in the village.

8- We ( are missing - missed - misses - miss ) our parents when we are far away from them.

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Beggars can’t be choosers ‫زأِش‬١‫ث‬ٚ ‫ؽؾبد‬

Miss. Manar Saad 27

  The Present Perfect Tense ‫المضارع التام‬

‫ذ ذ‬: ‫متكوينه‬-1
He , She , It has
+ P.P
I , You , We , They have
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‫ ذ‬: ‫ماستخدامه‬-2
‫)ذظؾتعبريذسنذحدثذيفذاطاضيذملذحيددذزعـهذ ذ‬1
He has bought a new flat.
just , already , recently , lately ‫)ذؼعاذسنذحدثذاطتؿلذاآلنذوؼدتخدمذععذ‬2
He has just gone out. // I have finished my lesson lately/ recently.
‫ذ) ذ‬two/three/many/a few / several / a lot of ‫)ذسـدذذطرذسددذعراتذاظػعلذأوذاظؽمذوذظكذععذوجودذطؾؿاتذعثلذ(ذ‬3
I have sent him five letters.
ever ‫)ذسـدذاظدؤالذسنذاضرياتذواظتجاربذاظدابؼةذوؼدتخدمذععذ‬4
Have you ever travelled to America ?
never , yet ‫)ذؼعاذسنذأحداثذملذزدثذحتىذاآلنذوؼدتخدمذععذ‬5
We haven’t met yet. // Omar has never travelled abroad.
‫ ذ‬since , for ‫)ذحدثذوضعذيفذاطاضيذوعدتؿرذإىلذاآلنذوميؽنذأنذؼدتؿرذظؾؿدتؼبلذوؼدتخدمذععذ‬6
I have lived in Cairo since 2000.
*************************************************************************************

‫ ذ‬: ‫مالكلنات الدالة‬-3

just ً‫ توا‬, already ‫ باظػعل‬, yet ‫ بعد‬, recently ً‫ = حدؼثا‬lately ً‫ عؤخرا‬, ever ‫ صقؿاذدبق‬, never ً‫ أبدا‬,

so far = up till now‫ حتىذاآلنذ‬, over the years ‫ سؾىذعرذاظدـني‬, since ‫ عـذذ‬, for ‫طدةذ‬

just / already
‫م يفمآخرماىؿؾةماٌـؾؿة م‬already ‫ؼأتقانميفمودطماىؿؾةماٌـؾؿةموضدمتأتيم‬
 I have just finished studying.
 My mum has already finished cooking. // She’s played in two concerts already.

yet
‫تأتيميفمآخرماىؿؾةماٌـػقةمواالدؿػفاعقة‬
 Have you finished yet ?
 I haven’t finished yet.
 Not yet. ‫ظقسذبعدذ(ذظدهذ)ذ‬

never
‫تأتيميفمودطماىؿؾةماٌـؾؿةمظؿـػقفام‬
 I have never seen a lion.

Miss. Manar Saad 28

 ever
‫تأتيميفمودطماىؿؾةماالدؿػفاعقة‬ ever ‫ؽبٌخ خبصخ ٌـ‬
 Have you ever seen a lion ? : ‫ ذثذأ تـ‬ٟ‫ ِغ اٌعًّ اٌر‬ٟ‫ذأذ‬
No one / No body / Nothing
‫مممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممموممؽنمأنمت أتيميفماىؿؾةماٌـؾؿةميفمحاظةمصقغةماظؿػضقلماظؼصوىمممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممم‬
- Nothing like this has ever
 This is the tallest boy I have ever met. happened to me.
 This is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen.

for
)‫ٌدةم(مالمؼأتيمخؾػفامذيؾةمأبداًموإمنامصرتةمزعـقةم‬
a / an / s ‫ اىؿع‬/ the / long / as long as I can remember / ever / a while

for a year / for an hour / for years / for ten years / for the last week / for long / for a long time

since
)‫عـذم(مؼأتيمخؾػفامذيؾةمأومصرتةمزعـقةم‬
the ( ‫ ) ععمصرتاتماظقوم‬/ the last time + ‫ ذيؾة‬/ the age of 10 / then / ‫ماظلـني‬/‫ماظشفورم‬/‫اظلاساتم‬

since the morning , the afternoon , the evening / sine then ‫ عـذذذظكذاصني‬/ since last week / since 6 o'clock /

since May / since Saturday / since I was young / since yesterday / since 2016 / since his death
*************************************************************************************
‫عضارعمتامممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممم‬
‫عضارعمتاممعلؿؿرممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممم‬ since + S + V2
It's + ‫صرتةمزعـقة‬

 I have been waiting for him. It's

 It's two years since I saw Farida. : ‫ اخرصاس ٌـ‬ٟ٘
It is (or) It has been
 I haven't seen my friend since I was a child.
*************************************************************************************
have / has been to + ْ‫ػبد ( ِىب‬ٚ ‫) ر٘ت‬
have / has gone to + ْ‫ؼذ ( ِىب‬٠ ٌُٚ ‫) ر٘ت‬

 My brother has gone to Paris . He is still there.

 My dad has been to London . He is in Cairo now.
hint
Choose :
1- Have you ( gone - been ) to Paris, Omar ?
2- He has been training really hard ( since - for ) the last Olympic Games.
3- Sameh ( has gone - has been ) to the store, but he is at the chemist's now.
4- Have you ( been to - gone to - been in ) Mit Ghamr since you were born ?
*************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 29

 ‫ ذ‬:‫منفيه‬-4
‫ ذ‬to have‫ذخؾفذاظػعلذاطداسدذ‬not‫ؼتمذغػقهذبوضعذ‬ 

He has just finished his homework . = He hasn’t finished his homework yet .
‫ذيفذاظـػي‬never‫ميؽنذادتخدامذ‬ 

He has never learnt English .

*************************************************************************************

‫ ذ‬:‫متكوين السؤال‬-5
)‫ذسؾىذاظػاسلذظتؽوؼنذدؤالذمبعـىذ(ذػلذ‬to have‫ؼتمذتؼدؼمذاظػعلذاطداسدذ‬ 
Has
+ S + P.P + ……… ?
Have

He has finished his homework . # Has he finished his homework ?

*************************************************************************************

‫ ذ‬:‫ماملبين للنجهول‬-6
O + has / have + been + P.P ( by + S )
He has played football . # Football has been played ( by him ) .
The carpenter has fixed the chairs. # The chairs have been fixed ( by the carpenter ) .
*************************************************************************************

Prevention is better than cure

‫ش ِٓ اٌؼالط‬١‫خ خ‬٠‫لب‬ٌٛ‫ا‬

Miss. Manar Saad 30

 َ‫ اٌّعبسع اٌزب‬ٍٝ‫ ( ٔمطخ ٘بِخ ػ‬20 ( ♣
(1) Since when ٝ‫ ِٕز ِز‬............... ( َ‫ ) ِعبسع رب‬...............?

- Since when have you lived in Mit Ghamr ?

(2) How long ‫ ِب ِذح‬.................. ( َ‫ ) ِعبسع رب‬...................?

- How long have you lived in Mit Ghamr ?

(3) For how long have you studied English ?

= How long have you studied English for ?

(4) It's/This is the first time ....... ( َ‫ ) ِعبسع رب‬.......

- This is the first time I have traveled to U.S.A.

(5) ...... ( َ‫ ) ِعبسع رب‬...... before/before now ? ‫خ‬٠‫ خجش‬ٚ‫خ أ‬١ِ‫ب‬ٙ‫خ عٍّخ اعزف‬٠‫ب‬ٙٔ ٟ‫ف‬

- Have you travelled to Paris before ?

(6) for the last week = in the last week ( َ‫) ِعبسع رب‬

- I have been to Mexico in the last year .

(7) I can't remember the last time, S V2 O

- I can't remember the last time , I went to the theatre .

(8) ( ‫ػ‬١‫ ثغ‬ٟ‫ ) ِبظ‬in / until 2010 ُ٠‫خ لذ‬٠‫ ربس‬ٞ‫أ‬

- Ahmed didn’t start writing until 2000 .

(9) She left home in 2020 and hasn't been seen since / ever since / since then.

(10) The people who built this temple have long since died.

= The people who built this temple died a long time ago.

(11) Since + V-ing, ( َ‫) ِعبسع رب‬

- Since writing his first novel, he has become a literary star.

Miss. Manar Saad 31

 (12) Since ْ‫ أل‬we have no money , it's no good thinking about a holiday.

(13) A: Have you finished the exercise yet ? B: - Not yet.

- Have you finished the exercise already ? You have been quick.

(14) My brother has been in/at the U.S.A. for 3 years. ٟ‫ؼ ف‬١‫ؼ‬٠

(15) ..... ‫ػ‬١‫ ثغ‬ٟ‫ ِبظ‬..... + since then + ..... َ‫ ِعبسع رب‬.....

- I travelled abroad since then I haven't seen my friends.

(16) ...... ( َ‫ ) ِعبسع رب‬...... since + time + ago

- I haven't seen Farida since ten years ago.

(17) Never + have/has + S + P.P

- Never have I eaten sushi.

(18) She lived in Cairo for 3 years. Then she moved to Alex.

- He worked as a driver for 5 years . Now he works as a seller.

(19) I have read a novel. // She has sent a letter. ‫ذ صِٓ اٌؾذس‬٠‫ٔغزخذَ اٌّعبسع اٌزبَ ػٕذ ػذَ رؾذ‬

(but) The pharaohs built the pyramids. // Taha Hussein wrote many novels.

ٟ‫ اٌّبظ‬ٍٝ‫ب ػ‬ٙ‫ رار‬ٟ‫ٌىٓ اٌغٍّخ رذي ف‬ٚ ‫زوش صِٓ اٌؾذس‬٠ ٌُ ٗٔ‫ِغ أ‬

(20) Adam hasn't studied well this term/this week/this year/this month/today.

‫ذ‬ٙ‫اظؾب ً أْ اٌفزشح أز‬ٚ ْ‫ أِب ئرا وب‬, ‫ب‬ٙ‫بئ‬ٙ‫ػذَ أز‬ٚ ‫خ‬١ِٕ‫خ ٘زٖ اٌفزشاد اٌض‬٠‫ ؽبٌخ اعزّشاس‬ٟ‫ٔغزخذَ اٌّعبسع اٌزبَ ف‬

- I met Ali earlier this morning .‫ػ‬١‫ اٌجغ‬ٟ‫ٔغزخذَ اٌّبظ‬

************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 32

♣ Extra Notes :
First Experience
: ‫ي ِشح‬ٚ‫ رغشثخ أل‬ٚ‫لف أ‬ّٛ‫س ث‬ٚ‫ش ػٓ اٌّش‬١‫خ ٌٍزؼج‬١ٌ‫ت اٌزب‬١ٌ‫* الؽع اعزخذاَ األعب‬
- Ahmed has never visited Paris before (now).

- This is the first time for Ahmed to visit Paris .

- This is the first time Ahmed has ever visited Paris .

A different Experience
: ‫الف عبثمخ‬ِٛ ٓ‫ رغشثخ ػ‬ٚ‫لف أ‬ِٛ ‫ض‬١١ّ‫خ ٌز‬١ٌ‫ت اٌزب‬١ٌ‫* الؽع اعزخذاَ األعب‬
- I have never seen such a clever student .

- We have never eaten such delicious food .

- I have never seen a clever student like this .

- We have never eaten delicious food like that .

- I have never seen a student cleverer than this .

- We have never eaten food more delicious than that.

- This is the cleverest student I have ever seen .

- That is the most delicious food we have ever eaten .

Last Experience
: ‫ اٌزغشثخ‬ٚ‫لف أ‬ٌٍّٛ ‫س‬ٚ‫ش ػٓ آخش ؽذ‬١‫خ ٌٍزؼج‬١ٌ‫ت اٌزب‬١ٌ‫* الؽع اعزخذاَ األعب‬
- Sameh hasn't done out since Monday .

- Sameh last went shopping on Monday .

- The last time Sameh called me was at five .

- The last time Sameh went shopping was on Monday .

- Sameh last met his grandmother when he was in Cairo .

- Sameh hasn't met his grandmother since he was in Cairo .

*************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 33

 ‫♣ تدريبات على المضارع التام‬
1- Choose the correct answer from ( since – for ) :
1- I haven’t seen him …………… long.

2- I haven’t seen him …………… then.

3- I haven’t seen him …………… ages.

4- I have waited you …………… a week.

5- I have been here …………… an hour .

6- Ali stayed in China …………… six days.

7- He has been in Cairo …………… a month.

8- Hani has studied …………… five o'clock.

9- We have lived in Cairo …………… years .

10- I haven’t seen him …………… a long time .

11- My father has worked in Tanta …………… 1980 .

12- Nancy has written a letter …………… the morning.

13- They have been in Aswan …………… last Monday .

14- Khalid has lived in Saudi Arabia …………… January .

15- They have been in Aswan …………… the last Monday .

16- Mr. Sameh has lived in Egypt …………… five years ago.

*************************************************************************************
2- Choose the correct answer :
1- It's a long time ( for – when – since – ago ) I last saw him .

2- she ( has gone – is going – will go – has been ) to London . Now she is in Cairo .

3- The injured woman ( takes – has taken – has been taken – will take ) to hospital .

4- No one has come to see us since we( has bought – bought – buy – had bought )that house .

5- Amir is my best friend . I ( knew – know – will know – have known ) him since we met in 1995.

6- I ( enjoy – am enjoying – had to enjoy – have enjoyed ) reading novels since I was a young child .

*************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 34

 ‫بنك األسئلة‬
‫املزيد من التدريبات على‬

‫زمن املضارع التام‬

‫) ‪- My friend ( 95 choice‬‬
‫) ‪- A1 Treasure ( 60 choice‬‬

‫‪Miss. Manar Saad‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬

Miss. Manar Saad 36
Miss. Manar Saad 37
Miss. Manar Saad 38
Miss. Manar Saad 39
Miss. Manar Saad 40
Miss. Manar Saad 41
Miss. Manar Saad 42
  The Present Perfect Continuous ‫المضارع التام المستمر‬
‫ذ ذ‬: ‫متكوينه‬-1
He , She , It has
+ been + V-ing
I , You , We , They have

‫ ذ‬: ‫ماستخدامه‬-2
‫ذ ذ‬.‫)ذظؾتعبريذسنذحدثذبدأذيفذاطاضيذوالذؼزالذعدتؿراًذ‬1

I've been waiting for an hour .

‫ ذ‬.‫)ذؼدتعؿلذػذاذاظزعنذععذاألصعالذاظيتذؼدلذععـاػاذسؾىذحدثذعدتؿرذعثلذ‬2

live , wait , stay , read , sleep , study , work

‫ ذ‬.‫)ذالذؼدتخدمذاطضارعذاظتامذاطدتؿرذععذأصعالذاظشعورذواصسذواإلدراكذوصعلذميؾكذوالذؼدتخدمذأؼضاًذيفذحاظةذإذاذذطرذسددذاطراتذاظيتذمتذصقفاذاظػعلذ‬3

I have known her for 3 years now.

I have had this house for 10 years now.
She has written five letters this afternoon.

‫ ذ‬: ‫مالكلنات الدالة‬-3

all ( this morning , this week , day , this year ) , for …..now , since , for , ever since
 They have been living here since 1970 .
 I have been waiting for you all morning .
 She has been sleeping for three hours now .

‫ ذ‬:‫منفيه‬-4
‫ ذ‬to have‫ذخؾفذاظػعلذاطداسدذ‬not‫ؼتمذغػقهذبوضعذ‬ 
It has been raining hard . = It hasn’t been raining hard .

‫ ذ‬:‫متكوين السؤال‬-5
)‫ذسؾىذاظػاسلذظتؽوؼنذدؤالذمبعـىذ(ذػلذ‬to have‫ؼتمذتؼدؼمذاظػعلذاطداسدذ‬ 
Has
+ S + been + V-ing + ……… ?
Have

Has she been sleeping for three hours now ?

‫ ذ‬:‫ماملبين للنجهول‬-6
‫ ذ‬.‫الذؼدتخدمذاطضارعذاظتامذاطدتؿرذيفذاطبينذظؾؿجفولذوؼدتخدمذبدالًذعـهذاطضارعذاظتامذ‬
*************************************************************************************

People who live in glass houses

should not throw stones
Miss. Manar Saad 43
 ‫♣ الفارق بين المضارع التام والمضارع التام المستمر ♣‬

‫************************************************************************‬

‫‪Miss. Manar Saad‬‬ ‫‪44‬‬

 ♣ ‫♣ تدريبات على المضارع التام المستمر‬
1- Choose the correct answer :

Miss. Manar Saad 45

Miss. Manar Saad 46
 ‫الماضي البسيط ‪ The Past Simple‬‬
‫‪-1‬متكوينه ‪:‬ذ ذ‬

‫ذ ذ‬ ‫‪V2‬‬ ‫ؼتؽونذاطاضيذاظبدقطذعنذذؽلذاظػعلذيفذاظتصرؼفذاظثاغيذ‬
‫) ‪Regular ( d / ed / ied‬‬ ‫‪Irregular‬‬
‫‪- I visited Luxor last year.‬‬ ‫‪– I bought a car two years ago.‬‬
‫‪- We studied our lessons yesterday.‬‬ ‫‪– She cut herself while cooking last night.‬‬
‫*************************************************************************************‬

‫‪-2‬ماستخدامه ‪ :‬ذ‬
‫أ)ذظؾتعبريذسنذحدثذيفذاطاضيذاطتؿلذيفذوضتذحمددذ‪.‬ذ ذ‬
‫‪I met him yesterday.‬‬
‫ب)ذؼعاذاطاضيذاظبدقطذسنذسادةذيفذاطاضيذواغتفتذ‪.‬ذ‪S + used to + V1‬‬
‫‪My dad used to smoke.‬‬
‫ج)ذميؽنذادتخدامذزروفذاظتؽرارذ‪always / usually / often‬ذوذظكذسـدعاذغؼصدذسادةذيفذاطاضيذاظبدقط‪ .‬ذ‬
‫‪I often went to the sea when I was in Alex.‬‬
‫*************************************************************************************‬

‫‪-3‬مالكلنات الدالة ‪ :‬ذ‬

‫‪ ,‬ذاتذؼوم ‪ , one day‬ذاتذعرة ‪ , once‬عـذذضؾقلذ‪ , just now‬عضى ‪ , last ( night – week – year – month ) , ago‬أعس ‪yesterday‬‬

‫‪ ,‬عؤخراًذ‪ , the other day‬عـذذصرتةذروؼؾة ‪ , a long ago‬عتى ‪ , How long ago‬دابؼاً ‪ , Previously‬يفذاطاضي ‪in the past‬‬

‫أيذتارؼخذضدؼم ‪ , in 2008‬يفذاظعصورذاظغابرةذ ‪in the ancient times‬‬

‫عؾقوزةذ‪:‬ذميؽنذادتخدامذ(ذ ‪for‬ذ)ذععذزعنذاطاضيذاظبدقطذظتدلذسؾىذصرتةذزعـقةذعـتفقةذيفذاطاضيذ‪ :‬ذ‬

‫‪ I wrote short stories for five years . Now I write novels .‬‬
‫*************************************************************************************‬

‫‪-4‬منفيه‪ :‬ذ‬
‫‪ ‬باظـدبةذظألصعالذاطداسدةذأوذاظـاضصةذؼتمذغػقفاذبوضعذ‪not‬ذخؾفذاظػعلذاطداسدذأوذاظـاضص ذ‬
‫‪He was a doctor.‬‬ ‫‪# He wasn’t a doctor.‬‬
‫‪ ‬باظـدبةذظألصعالذاألدادقةذ) ‪didn’t + V1‬ذ(‬
‫‪I ate # I didn’t eat‬‬ ‫‪He went # He didn’t go‬‬
‫*************************************************************************************‬

‫‪-5‬متكوين السؤال‪ :‬ذ‬

‫‪ ‬باظـدبةذظألصعالذاطداسدةذأوذاظـاضصةذؼتمذتؼدميفمذسؾىذاظػاسلذظتؽوؼنذدؤالذمبعـىذ(ذػلذ) ذ‬
‫‪He was a doctor.‬‬ ‫)‪# Was he a doctor ? ( Yes , he was. // No , he wasn’t.‬‬
‫‪ ‬باظـدبةذظألصعالذاألدادقةذظتؽوؼنذدؤالذمبعـىذ(ذػلذ)ذ‬
‫) ? ‪Did + S + V1 + ……..‬م( م‬
‫‪He spoke English.‬‬ ‫? ‪# Did he speak English‬‬
‫*************************************************************************************‬

‫‪Miss. Manar Saad‬‬ ‫‪47‬‬

 ‫ ذ‬:‫ماملبين للنجهول‬-6
O + was / were + P.P ( by + S )
He played football yesterday. # Football was played yesterday ( by him ).
The carpenter fixed the chairs. # The chairs were fixed ( by the carpenter ).
*************************************************************************************
‫ م‬:‫بعضماٌالحظاتماهلاعةماًاصةمبزعنماٌاضيماظؾلقطم‬
‫ممععماألحداثماظيتمحدثتمعرةمواحدةمصؼط م‬used to ‫مؼُلؿكدمماٌاضيماظؾلقطموظقسم‬-1

 They spent the summer holiday in Alexandria in 2018. (NOT: used to spend ....)

‫ممععماألحداثماظيتمحدثتميفمصرتةمزعـقةمضصريةموعلمعنماظصعبمأنمؼؽونمايدثمسادة م‬used to ‫مؼُلؿكدمماٌاضيماظؾلقطموظقسم‬-2

 She visited her grandmother last month. (NOT: used to visit ....)
‫ م‬:‫مإدرسماىؿلماآلتقةمبعـاؼةم‬-3

1- I used to be naughty but now I ( wasn't - am not - don't - doesn't ).

2- I used to get up early but now I ( wasn't - am not - don't - doesn't ).

3- My dad used to smoke but now he ( isn't - doesn't - didn't - wasn't ).

4- My dad used to be a smoker but now he ( isn't - doesn't - didn't - wasn't ).

‫مؼُلؿكدمماٌاضيماظؾلقطمبعدماظؿعؾرياتماآلتقةمظؾؿعؾريمسنمذيءمشريمعؿقؼقميفماظواضعم م‬-4
‫م‬

I wish / It's time / I'd rather + S + V2 .....‫ِعبسع‬

- I wish I were/was a doctor. I don't earn enough money as an engineer.

- I would rather you didn't call me so late. I go to bed early.

I wish / It's time / I'd rather + S + had P.P ......ٟ‫ِبظ‬

- I wish I had taken a rest yesterday.

‫م سـدمادؿكداممزروفماظؿؽرارماظيتمهؿلمععـىماظـػيمبداؼةماىؿؾةمصالمبدمعنمادؿكداممصعلمعلاسدمضؾلماظػاسلموػذامععمذيقعماألزعـة م‬-5

 Rarely/ Seldom does Rehab go to school before 7.

 Never did you come late so you got the promotion.
Take care : Never come late again or you will be dismissed.
*************************************************************************************
Miss. Manar Saad 48
 ♣ Past Habits ♣
‫ذ‬ٙ‫أز‬ٚ ‫ش ػٓ ػبدح‬٠‫ ٌٍؾذ‬-1
My father used to smoke. ) ‫ػ‬١‫ تغ‬ٟ‫ُذخٓ ( ِاظ‬٠ ْ‫ أ‬ٟ‫واْ ِٓ ػادج أت‬

= My father usually smoked when he was young. ) ‫ػ‬١‫ تغ‬ٟ‫ُذخٓ ( ِاظ‬٠ ‫ؼذ‬٠ ٌُ ٟ‫أت‬

= My father no longer smokes. ) ‫ػ‬١‫ُذخٓ ( ِعاسع تغ‬٠ ‫ؼذ‬٠ ٌُ ٟ‫أت‬

= My father doesn't smoke any longer/ any more. ) ‫ػ‬١‫ُذخٓ ِطٍما ً ( ِعاسع تغ‬٠ ‫ ال‬ٟ‫أت‬

= It was my father's habit to smoke.

= My father had the habit of smoking.

= My father was in the habit of smoking.

= It was habitual for my father to smoke.

*************************************************************************************
ْ‫ ئرا ويب‬would َ‫ّىيٓ اعيزخذا‬٠ ‫ ال‬ٞ‫ أ‬ٟ‫ اٌّبظي‬ٟ‫صيف ؽبٌيخ في‬ٌٛ would ‫ظ‬١‫ٌي‬ٚ used to َ‫ ٔغزخذ‬-2

.) ‫ٍّه‬٠ ً‫فؼ‬ٚ ‫اإلدسان‬ٚ ‫س‬ٛ‫اٌؾؼ‬ٚ ‫خ ( أفؼبي اٌؾظ‬٠‫ش‬٠‫ أؽذ األفؼبي اٌزمش‬ٟ‫اٌفؼً االعبع‬

- I used to have a bike when I was ten years old. (NOT: I would have a bike....)
ٟ‫ اٌّبظ‬ٍٝ‫ذي ػ‬٠ ‫ش‬١‫ رؼج‬ٚ‫ب ظشف صِبْ أ‬ٙ‫غجم‬٠ ْ‫الثذ أ‬ٚ ‫ اٌغٍّخ اٌّضجزخ فمػ‬ٟ‫ ف‬ٟ‫ رأر‬ٟ‫اٌز‬ٚ would َ‫*ٔغزخذ‬

- Sama used to get up early. (NOT: Sama would get up early)

- When she was a student, Sama would get up early.
*************************************************************************************
‫د‬ٛ‫ش ػٓ اٌزؼ‬١‫ ٌٍزؼج‬-3
got / became / grew / was/were + used to V-ing / N

- My father was used to smoking.

- I became used to working on a farm.

- I got used to the hot weather in Saudi Arabia.

*************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 49

 ) 1 ( ‫♣ تدريبات على الماضي البسيط‬
1- Choose the correct answer :
1- I ( cooked - was cooked - didn't cook - wasn't cooked ) lunch. Mum did that.
2- ( You took - Did you take - Were the children taken ) to school in your car ?
3- I ( helped - was helped - helps - am helped ) with my homework two hours ago.
4- ( You took - Did you take - Were you taken ) the children to school in your car ?
5- What ( you did - did you did - you were done - was done ) to solve the problem ?
6- What ( you did - did you do - you were done - were done ) to solve the problem ?
7- Lunch ( cooked - was cooked - didn't cook - wasn't cooked ) by me. Mum did that.
8- Sama ( helped - was helped - helps - am helped ) me with my homework two hours ago.
*************************************************************************************

) 2 ( ‫♣ تدريبات للمتفوقين على الماضي البسيط‬

1- Choose the correct answer :
1- I'd rather she ( leaves - leave - left - had left ) now.
2- I'd rather she ( leaves - leave - left - had left ) earlier yesterday.
3- I didn't use to play football, but now I ( do - did - am - am being ).
4- I didn't use to be a football player, but now I ( do - am - am being).
5- I wish I were rich . This means I ( am - am not - was - was not ) rich.
6- He ( usually - used to - doesn't - was used to ) play football. It was his habit.
7- He ( usually - used to - doesn't - no longer ) plays football. It was his habit.
8- He ( usually - used to - doesn't - was used to ) played football. It was his habit.
9- He ( usually - used to - doesn't - was used to ) playing football. It was his habit.
10- He ( usually - used to - doesn't - no longer ) play football any longer. It was his habit.
11- This building is now a furniture shop. It ( use to - used to - was - is ) be a cinema.
12- I used to study hard when I was young but now I ( don't - didn't - am not - was not ).
13- My mom ( would - used to )always make me a cake for my birthday when I was young.
14- I used to be a clever student when I was young but now I ( don't - didn't - am not - wasn't ).
15- It's high time Mona ( sends - send - sent - had sent ) the report. I don't know why she hasn't sent it yet.
16- When we were on holiday, we ( get - got - would get - will get ) up early every day and
spend all day on the beach.
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Never too old to learn ‫ارؾؾواماظعؾممعنماٌفدمإديماظؾقد‬

Miss. Manar Saad 50

  The Past Continuous Tense ‫الماضي المستمر‬

‫ذ ذ‬: ‫متكوينه‬-1
I , He , She, It was
You , We , They were + V-ing
*************************************************************************************

‫ ذ‬: ‫ماستخدامه‬-2
‫ م م‬This time last year , all , because , Between …..and …..‫)مظؾؿعؾريمسنمحدثمادؿؿرميفماٌاضيمظؾعضماظوضتموتلؿكدممععم‬1

He was working all the day yesterday.

I didn't answer the phone because I was sleeping.‫ذ‬
This time last year , I was working in MacDonald's.
Between nine and eleven last Friday , I was visiting my uncle.

‫)م م‬2
when / while ( as – just as ) ‫ذ‬

‫مممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممم‬
1 ‫معاضيمعلؿؿرممممممم‬+‫حدثانمعلؿؿرانميفماٌاضيمممممممممممممممممممممعاضيمعلؿؿرم‬
While I was studying , my mom was cooking.

2
‫معاضيمعلؿؿر‬+‫حدثمعلؿؿرموضطعهمحدثمآخرممممممممممممممممعاضيمبلقطم‬
While I was studying , the light went out.
V-ing ,‫إذامملمؼوجدمصاسلمبعدػاممممممممممممممممممم عاضيمبلقطمأومعلؿؿر ممم‬
3
While While studying , I was listening to music.
‫ ذ‬.‫ذعاذسداذيفذاصاظةذاظثاظثةذواظرابعةذواضاعدة‬while ‫ ذ)ذػؿاذغػسذععاعؾةذ‬just as / as ‫(ذ‬
4 ‫م)م م‬was - were ‫ممعاضيمبلقطموذظكمععمصعلمؼؽونم(م‬while ‫وظؽنماغؿؾهمضدمؼأتيمخؾف‬
While I was at home , someone knocked on the door.
‫ممحرفمجرمعؾاذرة م‬while ‫وضدمؼأتيمخؾفم‬
5 While at home , someone was knocking on the door.

‫ عاضيمبلقطمممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممم‬, ‫عاضيمعلؿؿرم‬
When I met an old friend , I was walking to school.

When ‫ عاضيمعلؿؿرمممممممممممممممممممممم‬, ‫عاضيمبلقطم‬ Hint :

When I was studying , the light went out. When + V-ing
When studying, I found everything
‫ عاضيمعلؿؿرممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممم‬, ‫عاضيمعلؿؿرم‬ so easy .

What were you doing when your mother was cooking ?

During + N ‫مخالل‬/‫ أثـاءم‬// During the film, I slept.

On + V-ing / N ‫ ٌّام‬// On seeing him, she got puzzled.

*************************************************************************************
Miss. Manar Saad 51
 ‫ذاظؽؾؿاتذاطدتخدعةذيفذػذاذاظزعنذػيذغػسذطؾؿاتذزعنذاطاضيذاظبدقط ذ‬: ‫مالكلنات الدالة‬-3
*************************************************************************************

‫ ذ‬to be‫ذخؾفذاظػعلذاطداسدذ‬not‫ذؼتمذغػقهذبوضعذ‬:‫منفيه‬-4
He was playing tennis. # He wasn’t playing tennis.
*************************************************************************************

‫ ذ‬:‫متكوين السؤال‬-5
)‫ذسؾىذاظػاسلذظتؽوؼنذدؤالذمبعـىذ(ذػلذ‬to be‫ؼتمذتؼدؼمذاظػعلذاطداسدذ‬ 
Was / Were + S + V-ing + ……… ?

What were you doing when I phoned you ?

*************************************************************************************

‫ ذ‬:‫ماملبين للنجهول‬-6
O + was / were + being + P.P ( by + S )
The carpenter was fixing the chairs. # The chairs were being fixed (by the carpenter ).
*************************************************************************************
:‫ اٌّغزّش‬ٟ‫ي ٌٍّبظ‬ٛٙ‫ ٌٍّغ‬ٟٕ‫ اٌّج‬ٟ‫ظخ ٘بِخ ف‬ٛ‫ٍِؾ‬

........ V-ing ........ , ( S ) ً‫فبػ‬

While ‫ّٕب‬١‫ث‬
........ being + P.P ........ , ( O ) ‫ي‬ٛ‫ِفؼ‬
: ‫خ‬١ٌ‫ عززعؼ أوضش ِٓ خالي األِضٍخ اٌزب‬ٟ‫اٌز‬ٚ ‫ُ ٘زٖ إٌمطخ‬ٙ‫ثؼذ ف‬ٚ

- While ( cooking - being cooked ), Mum tasted the food .

- While ( cooking - being cooked ), Mum's food tasted nice .

- While ( examining - being examined ) , the baby was laughing to the doctor.

- ( While taking - While being taken ) to hospital, the injured man was put on a ventilator .

*************************************************************************************
Take care :
- I ( played - was playing - have played ) football.
- I (played - was playing - have played ) football yesterday.
- I (played - was playing - have played ) football at 8 yesterday.
*************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 52

 ♣ ‫♣ تدريبات على الماضي المستمر‬
1- Choose the correct answer : ) ً‫خطف ؽخص ( ػبل‬٠ kidnap
) ً‫ش ػبل‬١‫خطف غبئشح ( غ‬٠ hijack

************************************************************************
Miss. Manar Saad 53
 ♣ ‫♣ تدريبات للمتفوقين على الماضي البسيط والمستمر‬
1- Choose the correct answer :
1- What ( was - did - has - will ) the first thing you wrote ?

2- ( While - During - On - Since ) on holiday, I had a great time.

3- ( While - During - On - Since ) my holiday, I had a great time.

4- Her lost bag ( was finding - was found - found - finds ) in the club.

5- ( While - On - After - Before ) taking the injection, I screamed so loudly.

6- ( After - While - On - Because ) seeing the wild dog, the girl cried loudly.

7- This villa ( belongs - was belonging - is belonging - belonging ) to my uncle.

8- I ( didn't go - hadn't gone - did go - was ) to the party, but you weren't there.

9- What ( were you doing - are you doing - do you do - did you do ) yesterday ?

10- What ( were you doing - are you doing - do you do - did you do ) yesterday at 10?

11- I ( understand - understood - am understanding - understanding ) the lesson now.

12- What were you doing when your mother ( cooked - cooking - was cooking - cooks )?

13- Adam was doing his work when Samir ( watched - would watch - was watching ) TV.

14- ( On - When - While - During ) the last session, I started to feel more and more relaxed.

15- I ( listening - was listening - listen - would listen ) to music during the journey to Luxor.

16- He used to ( be - looks - feel - became ) tired after working for long hours but now he isn't.

17- When I was in Sharm Sheikh, I ( sunbathed - was sunbathing - sunbathe - sunbathes) a lot.

18- He used to ( be - looks - feel - became ) tired after working for long hours but now he doesn't.

19- I ( understood - was understanding - am understanding - understand ) this lesson well yesterday.

20- While he was working for the newspaper, he ( was also writing - also wrote - also writing ) stories.

*************************************************************************************

He laughs best who laughs last

‫خ‬٠‫ب‬ٌٕٙ‫ ا‬ٟ‫عؾه ف‬٠ ِٓ ‫عؾه أوضش‬٠ ‫ئّٔب‬

Miss. Manar Saad 54

  The Past Perfect Tense ‫الماضي التام‬

‫ ذ‬had + P.P‫ذ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ذ‬: ‫متكوينه‬-1

‫مصاألولمعاضيمتاممواظـاغيمعاضيمبلقطم م‬.‫ذظؾؿعؾريمسنمحدثمبدأمواغؿفىمضؾلمحدثمآخرم(معاضيمبلقطم)م‬: ‫ماستخدامه‬-2

‫ ذ‬: ‫مالكلنات الدالة‬-3
after ‫ عاضيذتامذ‬, ‫عاضيذبدقطذ‬
as soon as ‫ عاضيذتامذ‬, ‫عاضيذبدقطذ‬
‫ عاضيذبدقطذعـػيذ‬+ ( till / until ) +‫عاضيذتامذعثبتذ‬
before = by the time ‫ عاضيذبدقطذ ضبل‬, ‫عاضيذتامذ‬

1. After he had seen the film , he went home.

= Before he went home , he had seen the film.
2- Adel didn’t watch TV until he had studied.
*************************************************************************************
( V-ing / noun )‫مصاسلمغضعمبعدػؿام‬before ‫مأوم‬after ‫)ممإذامملمؼأتمبعدم‬1(

- Before the match, he had exercised hard.

- After doing the homework, he played some computer games.
*************************************************************************************
)‫م‬After +‫م)محملم(معاضيمتامم‬Having + P.P (‫)ممميؽنمادؿكدامم‬2(

- After he had done his work, he went to sleep.

= Having done his work, he went to sleep.
*************************************************************************************
‫م‬When + V2 + V2 , ( had + P.P ) (3)
- When I went out I remembered I had forgotten the keys.
*************************************************************************************
‫م‬At / By + time , ( had + P.P or had + been + P.P ) (4)
- At 6 , she had learnt English.
- By 7 o'clock, I had finished my work. // By 2015, my first book had been published.
*************************************************************************************
‫م‬Immediately on + ing / noun (5)
- Immediately on his arrival , the phone rang .
*************************************************************************************
‫ممإذامطانماظؽالمميفماٌاضي‬already , just , never , yet ‫)ممؼلؿكدمماٌاضيماظؿاممععم‬6(

- I didn’t read the story because I had already read it. // She had just got home when I phoned her.

*************************************************************************************
‫ممظؿوضقحمدؾبمحدوثمذيءميفماٌاضي‬because ‫)ممؼلؿكدمماٌاضيماظؿاممبعدم‬7(
- I was very tired because I had studied too much .
*************************************************************************************
Miss. Manar Saad 55
 When
When + ‫ػ‬١‫ ثغ‬ٟ‫ ِبظ‬+ َ‫ رب‬ٟ‫ِبظ‬ When I arrived at the station , the train had left .
When + َ‫ رب‬ٟ‫ ِبظ‬+ ‫ػ‬١‫ ثغ‬ٟ‫ِبظ‬ When I had arrived at the station, the train left .
When + ‫ػ‬١‫ ثغ‬ٟ‫ ِبظ‬+ ‫ػ‬١‫ ثغ‬ٟ‫ِبظ‬ When I arrived at the station , the train left .
*************************************************************************************
More connectives ‫روابطمأخرى‬

no sooner than
hardly when …………‫ذملذؼؽد…………حؿىذ‬

scarcely when
‫ م‬:‫ععـىماظرابطمأغهم"مملمؼؽدمؼؿممايدثماألولمحؿىموضعمايدثماظـاغيم"موذظكمؼػقدمدرسةمتؿابعماألحداثم‬ -
- Ramy ate , then slept at once .

no sooner than
Ramy had hardly eaten when he slept.
scarcely when

‫ م‬:‫مسؾىماظػاسلمصؼطم‬had‫ميفمأولماىؿؾةمغؼدمم‬Scarcely , Hardly , No sooner‫إذامجاءتم‬ -

No sooner than
Hardly had Ramy eaten when he slept.
Scarcely when

No sooner than
Hardly did Ramy eat when he slept.
Scarcely when

: ‫الحظ الرتكيبة اآلتية‬ 

 It was only when ‫ عاضيذتام‬that ‫عاضيذبدقطذ‬

 It wasn’t until ‫ عاضيذتام‬that ‫عاضيذبدقطذ‬

1- It was only when we had finished our work that we went to the cinema.
2- It wasn’t until we had finished our work that we went to the cinema.
*************************************************************************************
‫ذذذذذذذذذذذذذ ذ‬:‫ماملبين للنجهول‬-4
O
+ had + been + P.P ( by + S )
‫ذ‬
He had typed the reports before the boss signed them.
# The reports had been typed before the boss signed them.

*************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 56

 : َ‫ اٌزب‬ٟ‫ي ٌٍّبظ‬ٛٙ‫ ٌٍّغ‬ٟٕ‫اٌّج‬ٚ ٍَٛ‫ ٌٍّؼ‬ٟٕ‫ اٌّج‬ٟ‫بِخ ف‬ٌٙ‫* ثؼط اٌّالؽظبد ا‬

P.P , ( S ) ً‫فبػ‬
1 Having ‫ثؼذ‬
been + P.P , ( O ) ‫ي‬ٛ‫ِفؼ‬
Choose the correct answer :
1- Having ( done - to do - been done - doing ) computing courses, he got a remarkable job.
2- Having ( been performed - performed - being performed ), the play was a great success.
3- Having ( arrested - arresting - being arrested - been arrested ), the criminal was taken to prison.
4- Having ( been finishing - finished - been finished ) all the reports, Ahmed was greatly exhausted.
*************************************************************************************
........... V-ing ........... , ( S ) ً‫فبػ‬
2
........... P.P ........... , ( O ) ‫ي‬ٛ‫ِفؼ‬
Choose the correct answer :
1- ( Found - Finding - Finds - Find ) herself alone, Heba decided to read a science fiction book.
2- ( Focusing - Having focused - Focused ) on her future, Mai learns to be tolerant and persistent.
3- ( Look - Looking - Being looked - Having look ) out of the window, I saw the beautiful mountain.
4- ( Annoyed - Annoys - Annoy - Annoying ) by the rude cashier, Karima complained to the manager.
*************************************************************************************
........ V-ing ........ , ( S ) ً‫فبػ‬
3 Before ً‫ لج‬/After ‫ ثؼذ‬+ S
........ being + P.P ........ , ( O ) ‫ي‬ٛ‫ِفؼ‬
Choose the correct answer :
1- After ( done - did - do - doing ) the shopping, I stopped a taxi to take me home.
2- Before ( recycling - being recycled - recycled ), glass bottles are washed and the labels are removed.
*************************************************************************************

:‫مميفماىؿؾةماظؿاظقةم‬then ‫مالحظمادؿكدامم‬-4

 I did my homework then I slept.‫ذ‬

*************************************************************************************
:‫مميفماىؿؾةماظؿاظقةم‬since ‫مالحظمادؿكدامم‬-5

 Last year, I spent a month in France. I had dreamt of going there since I was a child.‫ذ‬
*************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 57

 ♣ ‫♣ تدريبات على الماضي التام‬
1- Choose the correct answer :
1- ( On - While - After - Before ) having lunch, she took a rest.

2- My mom ( had cooked - cooked - cooking - cooks ) then she went out.

3- ( Having been fixed - Having fixed - Fixing - Fix ), my laptop worked well.

4- ( On - While - After - Before ) walking by the Nile, I saw some fishing boats.

5- By 2015, 5 short stories ( had been written - had written - wrote - was written ).

6- He had finished his training before he ( got – had got – would get – gets ) the job.

7- ( Do - Doing - Did - Done ) my homework, I went out with my friends to the club.

8- By 2015, he ( had been written - had written - wrote - was written ) 5 short stories.

9- She started her work when she ( puts – has put – had put – will put ) the baby to bed.

10- The secretary left the office after ( typed – had typed – typing – is typing ) the letters.

11- ( Having checked - Having been checked - Checked - Check ) my email, I went to bed.

12- ( Having checked - Having been checked - Checking ), the email was sent to all customers.

13- ( On - While - After - Before ) feeling the pain of the injection, she gave a spontaneous cry.

14- ( Repairing - Repaired - Repair - Repairs ) in the maintenance shop, my laptop worked well.

15- After I shut the car's door, I noticed that the keys ( left - had left - had been left - were being ) in.

16- No sooner ( had we heard - were we heard - we had heard ) the noise than we rushed to the spot.

17- No sooner ( had we hear - did we hear - we had heard - had ) the noise than we rushed to the spot.

18- When I arrived at the station the train ( left – would leave – have left – had left ) so I didn’t catch it.

*************************************************************************************

Easy come , easy go

ٌٗٛٙ‫عغ ثغ‬٠ , ٌٗٛٙ‫ىغت ثغ‬٠ ‫ِب‬

Grasp all , lose all

‫مً ِب عّغ‬٠ ‫اٌطّغ‬

Miss. Manar Saad 58

 ♣ The continuous perfect past tense ‫♣ زمن الماضي التام المستمر‬
: ٓ٠ٛ‫☺اٌزى‬
had + been + v-ing
: َ‫☺اإلعزخذا‬
:‫غزخذَ ػبدح ِغ‬٠ٚ ‫ع ؽذس آخش‬ٛ‫ل‬ٚ ً‫ لج‬ٟ‫ اٌّبظ‬ٟ‫صف ؽذس اعزّش ٌفزشح ف‬ٌٛ ‫ اٌزبَ اٌّغزّش‬ٟ‫ُغزخذَ اٌّبظ‬٠ *
since – for – when – all day – all weekend
 We had been waiting for three hours before our plane took off.
ً‫ٍخ ِض‬٠ٛ‫ّىٓ أْ رغزغشق فزشح غ‬٠ ‫ اٌزبَ اٌّغزّش ػبدح ِغ أفؼبي‬ٟ‫ اٌّبظ‬ٟ‫أر‬٠ *
wait – do – study – work – stay – play – sleep – read – write – talk – walk
 I was very tired because I had been working hard all day.
 He had been smoking for 30 years when he finally gave it up.
‫ اٌزبَ اٌّغزّش‬ٟ‫ظ اٌّبظ‬١ٌٚ َ‫ اٌزب‬ٟ‫س اٌفؼً ٔغزخذَ اٌّبظ‬ٚ‫* ئرا روشٔب ِشاد ؽذ‬
 When I met Mr Hamdi, he had finished typing 4 reports.
َ‫ اٌزب‬ٟ‫غزخذَ اٌّبظ‬٠ٚ ‫ اٌزبَ اٌّغزّش‬ٟ‫غزخذَ اٌّبظ‬٠ ‫خ ال‬١‫اٌٍّى‬ٚ ‫اإلدسان‬ٚ ‫اٌّؾبػش‬ٚ ‫اط‬ٛ‫* ِغ أفؼبي اٌؾ‬
 We had had this house for years before we decorated it.
*************************************************************************************
♣ ‫♣ تدريبات على الماضي التام المستمر‬
1- Choose the correct answer :
1- After ( had found – found – finding – finds ) his lost wallet , he felt calm.
2- Scarcely had they started the match ( when – than – thin – then ) it rained.
3- Having ( written – had written – writes – writing ) the letter , he posted it.
4- ( Has – Was – Had – Did ) Omar gone home before you arrived at the party ?
5- By the time we went home , our guests ( left – will leave – had left – leaving).
6- ( Making – After – Before – Having ) chocked in the locked room , he fainted.
7- No sooner ( will – does – has – had ) the manager read the contract than he signed it.
8- He didn’t sleep ( by the time – as soon as – until – when ) he had finished his homework.
9- After he ( had been leaving – leaving – leaves – had left ) university , he travelled abroad.
10- I (have waited – had waited - waiting – had been waiting ) for two hours before he arrived.
11- Tom ( has been looking – had been looking – was looking ) for work for a year before he got a job.
12- He had tried to call me for ten minutes before I ( answered – answering – has answered ) his phone.
13- It was only when we ( done – doing – had done – would do ) our homework that we watched a play.
14- I am very tired as I (had been working - have been working -had worked -have worked ) hard all day.
*************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 59

 Advanced Grammar
‫سزؼزيذاظطاظبذسزؼزتيذاظطاظبةذالذتتعاعلذععذاظؼواسدذبأغفاذضاظبذثابتذالذؼتغريذوظؽنذتعاعلذععفاذبشـيءذعـنذاطروغـةذوذاظػفـمذحدـبذ‬

‫ذصؿث ذإذاذوجـدذأطثـرذعـنذحـدثنيذيفذ‬.‫ذوخ لذػذاذاظشرحذاطختصرذواهلامذدقتبنيذاطؼصودذعنذاظؽ مذ‬.‫دقاقذاظؽ مذوسـبذأدؾوبذاصػظذاظعؼقمذ‬

‫ م‬.‫اشؿؾةذصقجبذزدؼدذاصدثذاألولذظقوضعذيفذاطاضيذاظتامذواألحداثذاظباضقةذإعاذيفذاطاضيذاظبدقطذأوذيفذاطاضيذاطدتؿرذحدبذاطعـى‬
 As soon as I saw Sameh , I realized that I had met him before.

. ‫ اٌّماتٍح‬ٛ٘ ‫ي‬ٚ‫أْ اٌؽذز األ‬ٚ ‫ي‬ٚ‫ظ اٌؽذز األ‬١ٌ ٗٔ‫ ِثاششج أل‬as soon as ‫ اٌراَ تؼذ‬ٟ‫ٌُ ٔعغ اٌّاظ‬

 After he got to the station , he realized that he had left the train ticket at home.

. ‫ إٌّضي‬ٟ‫ ذشن اٌرزوشج ف‬ٛ٘ ‫ي‬ٚ‫أْ اٌؽذز األ‬ٚ ‫ي‬ٚ‫ظ اٌؽذز األ‬١ٌ ٗٔ‫ ِثاششج أل‬after ‫ اٌراَ تؼذ‬ٟ‫ٌُ ٔعغ اٌّاظ‬

 I was shopping with my friend when I realized that I had lost my wallet.

. ‫ي فمذاْ اٌّؽفظح‬ٚ‫اٌؽذز األ‬

: ‫ذح‬٠‫خ ؽذ‬٠‫ْ ِغ دساعخ رٍه اٌغًّ ثؼٕب‬٢‫ا‬ٚ

till / until

 She begged him until he finally agreed.

 He didn’t leave until they had refunded him.

 He refused to leave until they had refunded him.

 I had waited until the mechanic repaired my car.

 She wasn't allowed to leave until she had tided her room.

 She wouldn't be home until she had done her office work.

At + time , َ‫ رب‬ٟ‫ ِبظ‬// At the age of + time , ‫ػ‬١‫ ثغ‬ٟ‫ِبظ‬

 At 7 , my parents had taken me to Paris.

 At the age of seven , my parents took me to Paris.

( before that – after that )

 I had had my supper after that I went to bed.

 I went to bed before that I had had my supper.

Miss. Manar Saad 60

 ( Immediately on – Once )

 ( Once – Immediately on ) I'd read the manual, I found I could use the computer easily.

( when – as soon as )

 I ( was sunbathing – sunbathed ) when I was at Sharm El-Sheikh.

 I first ( was writing – wrote ) stories when I was at primary school.

 As soon as we arrived at school, the first lesson ( begins – began – had begun ).

 When we arrived at school, the first lesson ( was beginning – began – had begun ).

( during – while )

 During ( walking – my walk – was walking ) to school , I saw some students fighting.

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: ‫ُ األصِٕخ‬ٙ‫ ف‬ٜ‫ ِذ‬ٍٝ‫ف ػ‬ٛ‫ل‬ٌٍٛ ٍّٟ‫ك ػ‬١‫ٓ وزطج‬٠‫ْ ِغ ثؼط اٌزّبس‬٢‫ا‬ٚ

1- He lived in Cairo until he ( died – was dying – had died – die ).

2- After he ( was paying – pays – paid – pay ) the driver , he got out of the taxi.

3- After I finished school , I ( study – have studied – studied ) English literature at university.

4- He (didn’t give – wasn't given – gave ) the job until the boss had signed his application form.

5- We ( lived – have lived – had been lived ) near a supermarket before we moved to this house.

6- We don't live in Alex now , but we ( have lived – lived – are living – live ) there for 30 years.

7- He ( wasn't refused – refused – refuse – refuses ) to leave the place until he had taken the money.

8- Yesterday, we were discussing the new project and (had – have had – having ) a good time as well.

9- I was walking peacefully when I realized that I ( was following – was being followed –
had been followed – followed ).
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Miss. Manar Saad 61

 ‫بنك األسئلة‬
‫تدريبات على مجيع األزمنة‬

‫‪Miss. Manar Saad‬‬ ‫‪62‬‬

 ♣ ‫♣ماألدؽؾةماظواردةميفمطرادةماٌػاػقممسؾىماألزعـة‬
1- Choose the correct answer :
1- The chicken ( is smelling - smell - smells ) delicious.

2- That pencil ( belongs - is belonging - belong ) to me.

3- I ( enjoy - am enjoying - enjoys ) living in Barcelona, Spain.

4- I ( enjoy - am enjoying - enjoys ) my holiday in Barcelona, Spain.

5- I ( am thinking - thinks - thought - think ) Alex is a beautiful city.

6- We ( live - are living - had lived - was living ) in the centre of Cairo.

7- When I ( had got - will get - have got - got ) there, I'll let you know.

8- I ( did - was doing - do - am doing ) my homework at 9 p.m. yesterday.

9- I ( am wanting - wants - wanted - want ) to study abroad when I'm older.

10- There ( wasn't - didn't - isn't - hasn't ) use to be a sports centre in our town.

11- After Jack reaches London, he ( will - would - had - has ) send us an email.

12- ( Before - Once - Just after - After ) I left for work, I had turned the gas pipes.

13- I ( have known - have been knowing - am knowing - had known ) him for years.

14- I ( am thinking - thinks - thought - think ) about spending my holiday in the village.

15- Once I ( had done - have done - has done - will do ) the research, I'll write the report.

16- We ( are missing - missed - misses - miss ) our parents when we are far away from them.

17- I ( will be finished - won't have finished - finish ) typing the report by the time you get there.

18- My father was angry because I ( had followed - hadn't followed - wasn't following ) his advice.

19- I ( had been sending - had sent - have been sending - have sent ) ten emails before I left the office.

20- I asked my brother to volunteer with me many times, but he ( wouldn't - won't - would - will ) do it.

21- He was tired because he ( have worked - has been working - had been working - has worked ) all day.

22- They ( had been knowing- was knowing- had known) each other for 10y before they became partners.

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Miss. Manar Saad 63

 Exercises on all tenses

1- Choose the correct answer :

1- ( Are – Is – Did – Does ) you use to play with dolls ?

2- I haven’t talked to him ( since – ago – for – ever ) days.

3- I ( have seen – would see – was seen – saw ) him a few days ago.

4- ( Did – Had – Was – Is ) your room tidy when you went to bed ?

5- ( Being – Doing – Having – Getting ) repaired my car , I set off quickly.

6- She started cleaning when the guests ( have left – leaving – leave – had left ).

7- The injured woman ( takes – has taken – has been taken – will take ) to hospital.

8- After ( had hanged – hanging – hanged – hang ) out the washing , it began to rain.

9- He ( isn’t used to – didn’t use to – used – uses ) need much sleep , but he does now.

10- No sooner ( have – did – was – had )I started watching TV than the telephone rang.

11- My last e-mail ( sends – was sending – has sent – was sent ) to six people yesterday.

12- Hardly had my parents left ( after – as soon as – until – when ) I arrived at the house.

13- Before ( went – had gone – going – was going ) to play , she had done her homework.

14- Someone phoned me while I ( cook – was cooked – am cooking – was cooking ) the dinner.

15- It was only ( before – until – by the time – when ) I had packed my suitcase that you called me.

16- She ( writes – has written – wrote – will write ) poetry for 7 years , but now she writes novels.

17- Something is wrong with his car, so he ( has taken – has been taken – was taken ) it to the garage.

18- By the time the children arrived home , Rana ( tidy – tidying – had tidied – has tidied ) the house.

19- I ( enjoy – am enjoying – had to enjoy – have enjoyed ) reading novels since I was a young child.

20- While my car ( was mending – was being mended – has mended – had mended ), I went shopping.

21- Rady ( injures – had injured – has injured ) his legs in a car accident so he had to use a wheelchair.

22- As soon as he ( takes – has taken – will take – had taken ) the photograph, he showed it to his friend.

23- At the age of seven, he ( gave – was given – has given – had given ) a prize for a drawing of an animal.

24- It wasn’t until the children ( have fallen – were falling – had fallen ) asleep that she started cooking.

25- As he ( was driving – driving – drove ) to work, he remembered that his briefcase was still at home.

Miss. Manar Saad 64

26- She never ( stay – stays – stayed – staying ) up late.

27- She ( just has – has just – have just ) dusted the window.

28- It's a long time ( for – when – since – ago ) I last saw him.

29- You can take it. I have ( for – still – yet – already ) finished it.

30- Mr Sameh ( doesn’t – never – didn’t – won't ) comes to work late.

31- He ( is seeming – seem – was seeming – seems ) very happy now.

32- We felt happy ( when – as – while – during ) our visit to the countryside.

33- What ( did – have – are – were ) you doing when I phoned you last night ?

34- The police stopped the thief and ( arrest – arrested – arresting – arrests ) him.

35- she ( has gone – is going – will go – has been ) to London . Now she is in Cairo.

36- I ( hasn’t read – don’t read – aren’t read – haven’t read ) a newspaper since yesterday.

37- We were having a meeting at work this morning when suddenly all office lights

( goes out – were going out – went out – have gone out ).

38- I ( wanted – want – had wanted – have wanted ) to be an engineer since 1990.

39- Holes ( drills – are drilling – drill – are drilled ) into the earth to find hot water.

40- Electricity is sometimes ( to make – making – makes – made ) from wind turbines.

41- As soon as I ( had got – am getting – get – will get )her phone number, I'll tell you.

42- Was the guard sleeping ( while – as – during – when ) the thief broke into the villa ?

43- This rich man always ( is helped – helped – helping – helps ) poor people in his village.

44- The secretary left the office after ( typed – had typed – typing – was typing ) the letters.

45- No one has come to see us since we( has bought – bought – buy – had bought )that house.

46- By the time I was six , I ( learn – had learnt – was learning – have learnt ) to read and write.

47- This is the most interesting film I ( have ever seen – had never seen – had ever seen – saw ).

48- When I arrived home I discovered my safe ( stole – was stolen – had been stolen – had stolen ).

49- Amir is my best friend. I ( knew – know – will know – have known ) him since we met in 1995.

50- While he was shopping, he ( kidnapped – was kidnapped – had kidnapped – is being kidnapped ).

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Miss. Manar Saad 65

 ‫تدريبات على األزمهة مو كتاب املعاصر للصف األول الثانوي‬
1- Choose the correct answer :
1- ( While - As - During - On ) sleeping, I had a nightmare.
2- I'd rather ( live - lives - lived - had lived ) here than in Cairo.
3- She ( wasn't given - didn't give - gave - gives ) the money she needed.
4- My friend Eman has lived in Cairo ( when - since - for - the age of ten.
5- Policemen ( hunt - hunts - are hunting - hunted ) criminals and arrest them.
6- ( While - On - When - During ) touching the hot pan, Basmala cried in pain.
7- He phoned me once he ( had read - will read - has read - read ) the message.
8- I ( was - wasn't - didn't be - am not ) tired, so I worked for four more hours.
9- Reem always ( goes - went - was gone - is gone ) to her first school on foot.
10- He will phone me once he ( had read - will read - has read - read ) the message.
11- I always ( plays - play - played - playing ) the piano after I came home from work.
12- I always ( plays - play - played - playing ) the piano after I come home from work.
13- As a schoolboy, my uncle always ( gone - went - goes - will go ) to school on foot.
14- ( During - On - After - While ) visiting hours, we could visit our uncle at the hospital.
15- I ( offer - offered - was offered - was offering ) a car which cost me only 100.000 pounds.
16- He usually ( speaks - spoke - was spoken - speaking ) quickly, so we didn't understand him.
17- At 5 o'clock last Sunday, I ( was being - was - were - had been ) on a bus on my way home.
18- He doesn't smoke any [Link] means that he ( used to - still - any more - didn't ) smoke.
19- Ten people ( had reported - have reported - were reported - were reporting ) to have been
injured in the crash.
20- A : Have you seen her lately ?
B : Yes, I ( saw - had seen - have seen ) her when I was on my way to work the other day.
21- I as well as my friends ( studied - was studying - were studying - had studied ) English
yesterday morning.
22- " It is time Omar paid me back my money." This means .....
a. Omar had returned my money. b. Omar hasn't returned my money.
c. Omar returned my money. d. Omar has just returned my money.
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Miss. Manar Saad 66

 Open Book Test
Advanced Test On The English Tenses
‫ٓ ثبالٔزشٔذ‬١‫غزؼ‬٠ ٚ‫اػذ أ‬ٛ‫فزؼ ئْ ؽبء ِزوشح اٌم‬٠ ْ‫ ٌٍطبٌت أ‬: ‫ظخ‬ٛ‫ٍِؾ‬
1- Choose the correct answer : ( 33 Marks )
1- ( Is – Was – Did – Does ) the shop open yesterday ?

2- Everyone should learn from ( its – their – his – her ) mistakes.

3- I have lived in Mansoura ( for – since – to – during ) 10 years ago.

4- Rana is not here . She has already ( be – been – gone – went ) outside.

5- The kid's bedroom ( it is – are – there are - is ) upstairs on the 2nd floor.

6- When ( did – was – had – does ) the last time you saw Nada ? - 3 days ago.

7- Mother has ( be – been – gone – went ) to the market . She bought fresh fruit.

8- The film ( shows – showed – is showing – was shown ) only to the newcomers.

9- Mrs Marawan ( is always invited – always invites – always invited ) to the party.

10- I ( live – 've lived – am living ) with some friends until I find a place of my own.

11- He didn’t eat anything because he ( had had – had – has had – was having ) lunch.

12- Merna has been training hard ( for – since – when – during ) the last Olympic Games.

13- This is the first time I ( went - had gone – have been – have gone ) to the pyramids ?

14- Shrouk ( lived – has lived – had lived – lives ) in Cairo for five years , but she left in 2016.

15- Somebody ( steal – stole – has stolen – had stolen ) my bike ! Now I'll have to walk home.

16- It was hard work ( carried – carry – carrying - carries ) these bags . They were very heavy.

17- I (have waited – had waited - waiting – had been waiting )for two hours before he arrived.

18- Salma often ( gets – get – got – is getting ) up early in the morning when she was on holiday.

19- How many coffees ( had you been drinking – had you drunk – have you drunk ) before I arrived ?

20- When we were young , every day Nada ( is chosen – was chosen – chose – choose ) to serve the tea.

21- Ali ( has been injured – had injured – has injured – had been injured ) so he had to use a wheelchair.

22- No sooner had the report ( be written – been written – written – wrote ) than it was handed to the boss.

23- How long (have you lived – did you live – were you living – do you live) in Tanta? – About 20 years.

24- Haqqi ( still is thought – is still thought – is still thinking ) of as the father of the modern short stories.
Miss. Manar Saad 67
25- At the age of seven, he ( took – was taken – has taken – had taken ) a prize for a drawing of an animal.

26- This bag is ( Mona's – Mona's sister – Mona's sisters – Mona ).

27- I set up a big project in Upper Egypt ( in – for – since – at ) 2007.

28- Hi, Mariam . I ( tried – 've tried – 've been trying – try ) to contact you . ) ‫تٕاخ‬.‫ق‬.‫( ز‬

29- Tickets for all shows ( sells – are sold – is sold – are selling ) in all post offices.

30- When he heard a joke , he ( laughed – has laughed – had laughed – was laughing ).

31- It ( has known – knows – is known – is knowing ) that Egypt is a peace loving country.

32- "The Days" ( was written – were written – was writing – had written ) by Taha Hussein.

33- The 2016 Olympic Games ( watched – were watched – are watched ) by millions of people.

34- Before the rabbit ( caught – was caught – had caught – catching ), it had eaten half the carrots.

35- We'd ( better – rather – hardly – no sooner ) read our lessons, than the bell rang.

36- Isn’t it lovely! Yomna ( designs – designed – is designing - designing ) it for me.

37- I ( was taken – have taken – took – were taken ) to a football match at the weekend.

38- When I was a child , I ( want – have wanted – had wanted – wanted ) to be an officer.

39- By 2011, I ( have written – had written – had been writing – was writing ) 10 short stories.

40- I always ( arranged – arrange – had arranged – are arranging ) my things before I went to bed.

41- When I was seven , I ( wrote – have written – had written – was writing ) a poem which won a prize.

42- Something is wrong with his car , so it ( has taken – has been taken – takes – took ) to the garage.

43- My parents have always ( encourage – encourages – encouraged – encouraging ) me to do my best.

44- We ( told – have told – were telling – were told ) that we have to give in our homework on Thursday.

45- When we saw the hotel , we ( knowing – had known – have known – knew ) that it was a great place.

46- My little brother is sad as he ( is breaking – broke – had broken – has broken ) his favourite toy.

47- The kids ( have attached – attached – had attached ) tails to their donkey pictures then hung them up.

48- The river is full because it ( rains – had been raining – had rained – has been raining ) for a week.

49- She wanted to know ( where is my book – where my book was – where was my book – where my book is ).

50- I ( have known – had been knowing – had known – knew ) my wife for five years before we got married.

Miss. Manar Saad 68

51- In our country, the policemen ( allow – are allowed – allows – is allowed ) to pay nothing in the

public transport.

52- In our country , nobody, except policemen ( allow – are allowed – allows – is allowed ) to pay

nothing in the public transport.

53- I didn't buy the book ( as - until - after - when ) the bookshop had closed.

54- I didn't buy the book ( as - until - after - when ) the bookshop had opened.

55- He used to be a polite person but now he ( didn’t – doesn’t – wasn't – isn't ).

56- He used to smoke when he was young but now he ( didn’t – doesn’t – wasn't – isn't ).

57- You are ( see – to see – should see – must see ) a dentist to examine your bad tooth.

58- When ( studied - studying - being studied - been studied ), I found everything so easy.

59- Ahmed ( hasn’t started – hadn't started – doesn't start - didn’t start ) writing until 2000.

60- Never ( you come - did you come - come - do you come ) late so you got the promotion.

61- When ( studied - studying - being studied - been studied ), the lesson seemed to be so easy.

62- We don't live in Alex now , but we ( have lived – lived – are living – live ) there for 30 years.

63- Never ( you come - did you come - come - do you come ) late again or you will be dismissed.

64- He did not divorce her because he ( did – do – does – had ) know that she loved him so much.

65- Yesterday , we were discussing the new project and (had – have had – having ) a good time as well.

66- Since ( he had written – wrote – writing – was writing ) his first novel , he has become a literary star.

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 There is no rose without a thorn ٗ‫و‬ٛ‫ش ؽ‬١‫سدٖ ِٓ غ‬ٚ ‫ال‬

Miss. Manar Saad 69

  Causative form ) ‫صيعظ المغطول ألجله ( المسبب‬
ٗ‫ فؼً ٘زا اٌؼًّ تٕفغ‬ٍٝ‫َ تاٌفؼً ٌؼذَ لذسج ػ‬ٛ‫م‬٠ ‫ أْ اٌفاػً ظؼً شخصا ً آخش‬ٟٕ‫ي ألظٍٗ ٌرؼ‬ٛ‫غح اٌّفؼ‬١‫ذغرخذَ ص‬ 

have + ً‫ػال‬ + V1 ً‫عؼ‬٠ I had Rehab clean my room.

make + ً‫ػال‬ + V1 ‫ُعثش‬٠ I made Rehab clean my room.

let + ً‫ػال‬ + V1 ‫غّػ‬٠ I let Rehab clean my room.

get + ً‫ػال‬ + to V1 ‫ُمٕغ‬٠ I got Rehab to clean my room.

allow + ً‫ػال‬ + to V1 ‫غّػ‬٠ I allowed Rehab to clean my room.

want + ً‫ػال‬ + to V1 ‫ذ‬٠‫ش‬٠ I wanted Rehab to clean my room.

cause + ‫ي‬ٛ‫ اٌّفؼ‬+ to V1 ‫ُغثة‬٠ The wind caused the chair to fall.

force + ً‫ػال‬ + to V1 ‫ُعثش‬٠ He forced her daughter to marry.

stop + ً‫ػال‬ + (from) V-ing ‫ّٕغ‬٠ I stopped Mai cleaning my room.

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have / get + ً‫ش ػال‬١‫غ‬ + PP I had my room cleaned by Rehab.

want + ً‫ش ػال‬١‫غ‬ + to be PP I wanted my room to be cleaned.

let + ‫ش ِٕؼىظ‬١ّ‫ ظ‬+ be PP Don't let yourself be cheated.

be made + to V1 Mai was made to clean my room.

be allowed + to V1 I was allowed to clean the room.

be forced + to V1 She was forced to marry the man.

be stopped + from V-ing I was stopped from going out.

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Have + ً‫فاػً ػال‬ + V1 Have Rehab clean your room.

Get + ً‫فاػً ػال‬ + to V1 Get Rehab to clean your room.

Have / Get + ً‫ش ػال‬١‫غ‬ + PP Have/Get your room cleaned.

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Miss. Manar Saad 70
 ‫بنك األسئلة‬
‫تدريبات على‬

‫األفعال السببية‬

- My friend ( 55 choice )
- A1 Treasure ( 28 choice )

Miss. Manar Saad 71

Miss. Manar Saad 72
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Miss. Manar Saad 73
Miss. Manar Saad 74
Miss. Manar Saad 75
Miss. Manar Saad 76
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Miss. Manar Saad 77
 ♣ )1( ‫♣ تدريبات شاملة على األزمنة واألفعال السببية‬
Choose the correct answer :
1- Which sentence is structurally correct ?
a) We no sooner had arrived at the cinema, than the lights went out.

b) No sooner we had arrived at the cinema, than the lights went out.

c) No sooner had we arrived at the cinema, than the lights went out.

d) We had no sooner arrived at the cinema, when the lights went out.

2- ( Had - Have - Get - Got ) someone clean up this mess at once!

3- ( Had - Have - Get - Got ) someone to clean up this mess at once!

4- We're going to get a maid ( help - to help - helped - be helped ) us at home.

5- We know what ( wastes - makes - causes - puts in ) the river to get polluted.

6- We'd ( better – rather – hardly – no sooner ) read our lessons, than the bell rang.

7- No sooner ( have – did – was – had ) I started watching TV than the telephone rang.

8- No sooner ( will – does – has – had ) the manager read the contract than he signed it.

9- I ( have checked my car - have my car checked - check my car ) at the garage once a month.

10- ( Because of - Since - Until ) they had been waiting in line all night, I was sure they'd get tickets.

11- I used to have the mechanic ( to repair - repaired - repair ) my car every year when I was abroad.

12- No sooner ( had we heard - were we heard - we had heard ) the noise than we rushed to the spot.

13- I met Sally yesterday, I ( hadn't seen - haven't seen - saw - didn't see ) her since she left our village.

14- Hoda has read two chapters of " Great Expectations" since she ( came - come - comes ) back home.

15- While Hamza ( has got his car to service - has got his car serviced - was getting his car serviced - was

getting his car servicing ), he had lunch at the nearest restaurant.

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Miss. Manar Saad 78

 ♣ )2( ‫♣ تدريبات شاملة على األزمنة واألفعال السببية‬

Choose the correct answer :

1- She ( wasn't given - didn't give - gave - gives ) the money she needed.

2- ( Having - Having been - When - While ) repaired, my car looked new.

3- I'd rather ( not waste - not to waste - don't waste - didn't waste ) my time.

4- The camera didn't work ( till - as - until - before ) Noran had damaged it.

5- I'm going to ( let - have - get - make ) a technician to check my air conditioner.

6- I ( has had - had - was having - had had ) a bath, so I didn't hear the door bell.

7- Farmers ( are used - no longer - used to - get used to ) hard work on their farm.

8- I ( have smoked - haven't smoked - didn't smoke - smoked ) a cigarette for ten years.

9- Sameh ( got - was having - will have - has got ) his hair cut when somebody called him.

10- The bridge ( will be built - will have been built - will build ) across the river next January.

11- The bus ( leaves - left - had left - has left ) when I arrived at the station, so I didn't miss it.

12- He ( used to be - didn't use to be - is used to being - isn't used to being ) fat but now he is.

13- It's only the second time I ( saw - see - have seen - had seen ) a football match in a stadium.

14- As soon as you see the criminal, ( have telephoned - telephone - telephones ) the police at once.

15- Sorry for being late, Sir. Please, let me in ; I ( have been - was - have gone - had ) in very bad traffic.

16- Menna used to go to the school library and ( borrows - will borrow - borrowed - borrow ) the books.

17- We couldn't enter the room because it ( was painting - was being painted - had pained - have painted.

18- ( On - While - After - During ) visiting hours, we got an entrance ticket for the hospital to see my uncle.

19- He ( didn't allow - doesn't allow - hadn't allowed - wasn't allowed ) to sit down until he had apologized.

20- As soon as the surgeon examined the patient, he ( had decided - decided - decides ) to operate on him.

******************************************************************************************************

Charity begins at home ‫ف‬ٚ‫ ثبٌّؼش‬ٌٝٚ‫ْ أ‬ٛ‫األلشث‬

Miss. Manar Saad 79

 ‫‪ Active & Passive‬‬
‫‪ ‬ؼؼصدمباٌؾينمظؾؿعؾوممػوماىؿؾةماظيتمؼؽونمصاسؾفامععؾوعاً‪ .‬م‬
‫‪ ‬ؼؼصدمباٌؾينمظؾؿففولمػوماىؿؾةماظيتمؼؽونمصاسؾفامشريمععؾوممأومضؾقلماألػؿقة‪.‬‬

‫) ‪O + …… + P.P ( by + S‬‬

‫‪O + is/are/was/were + P.P‬‬

‫‪O + is/are/was/were + being + P.P‬‬

‫‪O + have/has/had + been + P.P‬‬

‫‪O + modal verbs + be + P.P‬‬

‫‪O + ...... to + be + P.P‬‬

‫‪When we use passive :‬‬

‫‪-1‬مؼلؿكدمماٌؾينمظؾؿففولمسـدعامالمغعرفمعنماظذيمصعلماظشيءم م‬

‫‪ My watch was stolen yesterday.‬‬

‫‪-2‬مسـدعامالمغؽونمعفؿؿنيممبنمصعلماظشيءموحنيمغؿقدثمأومغؽؿبمسنمتارؼخمذيءمعا م‬

‫‪ This school was built in 1990.‬‬

‫‪-3‬مإذامطانمصاسلمايدثمعفممصإغـامغأتيمبهمبعدمطؾؿةم‪by‬م م‬

‫‪ The telephone was invented by Graham Bell.‬‬

‫‪-4‬مععمماٌوضوساتماظعؾؿقة م‬

‫‪ Hydrogen and carbon can be mixed to make hydrocarbons.‬‬

‫‪-5‬ميفمعؼاالتماىرائدمواظؽؿابةماظرمسقة م‬

‫‪ Police were called to a flat which had been broken into last night.‬‬

‫*************************************************************************************‬

‫‪Miss. Manar Saad‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬

 : ‫ي‬ٛٙ‫ ٌٍّغ‬ٟٕ‫ اٌّج‬ٟ‫ ) ٔمطخ ٘بِخ ف‬20 (

by ‫لب ً ثـ‬ٛ‫ي ٔعؼٗ آخش اٌغٍّخ ِغج‬ٛٙ‫خ ٌٍّغ‬١ٕ‫ اٌغٍّخ اٌّج‬ٟ‫ ئرا أسدٔب روش اٌفبػً ف‬-1

- I think the new park will be used by all the children in the area.
*************************************************************************************
: ‫ي‬ٛٙ‫ً ٌٍّغ‬٠ٛ‫ ) ػٕذ اٌزؾ‬to be + P.P ( َ‫ ) ٔغزخذ‬to + V1 ( ‫ػخ ثـ‬ٛ‫ ؽبٌخ األفؼبي اٌّزج‬ٟ‫ ف‬-2

 I want you to tell me the truth. Active

 I want to be told the truth. Passive
 I don't like people to deceive me. Active
 I don't like to be deceived. Passive

- She is to leave this bad job . (Active) // This bad job is to be left by her . (Passive)

- I'd like Nada to wear a long dress . (Active) // I'd like a long dress to be worn by Nada. (Passive)

- Sameh is about to buy a mobile . (Active) // A mobile is about to be bought by Sameh . (Passive)
*************************************************************************************
: ‫ي‬ٛٙ‫ً ٌٍّغ‬٠ٛ‫ ) ػٕذ اٌزؾ‬being + P.P ( َ‫ ) ٔغزخذ‬V-ing ( ‫ػخ ثـ‬ٛ‫ ؽبٌخ األفؼبي اٌّزج‬ٟ‫ ف‬-3

 I hate people telling me lies. Active

 I hate being told lies. Passive
 I don't like people deceiving me. Active
 I don't like being deceived. Passive
*************************************************************************************
: ) being + PP ) َ‫ف اٌغش ٔغزخذ‬ٚ‫ي ثؼذ ؽش‬ٛٙ‫ ٌٍّغ‬ٟٕ‫ ػٕذ اعزخذاَ اٌّج‬-4

- My friend is looking forward to being chosen for the football team.

- The children cried loudly as they were afraid of being bitten by the insect.
*************************************************************************************
: ‫ اٌّصذس‬ٚ to ‫ ثؼذ٘ب‬ٟ‫أر‬٠ ‫ي‬ٛٙ‫ً ٌٍّغ‬٠ٛ‫ ػٕذ اٌزؾ‬to ْٚ‫ ثؼذ٘ب اٌّصذس ثذ‬ٟ‫أر‬٠ ٟ‫ األفؼبي اٌز‬-5

make / see / hear / watch / let

 The teacher made me do my homework again. Active
 I was made to do my homework again. Passive
 He saw them go out. Active
 They were seen to go out. Passive
 He let me go. Active
 I was allowed to go. Passive
*************************************************************************************
Miss. Manar Saad 81
:‫ف اٌضبٌش فمػ‬٠‫رشن اٌزصش‬ٚ ْٛ‫ى‬٠ ً‫ فؼ‬ٌٝ‫صً ثبإلظبفخ ئ‬ٌٛ‫ش ا‬١ّ‫ّىٓ ؽزف ظ‬١‫صً ف‬ٌٛ‫ب ظّبئش ا‬ٙ‫ث‬ٚ ‫ي‬ٛٙ‫خ ٌٍّغ‬١ٕ‫ ئرا وبٔذ اٌغٍّخ ِج‬-6

- The meat which was eaten yesterday was delicious.

- The boy who was punished yesterday was mistaken.

*************************************************************************************
: ‫ي‬ٛٙ‫ ٌٍّغ‬ٟٕ‫ اٌّج‬ٌٝ‫ي ئ‬ٛ‫ي ) ال رؾ‬ٛ‫ ال رأخز ِفؼ‬ٟ‫ األفؼبي اٌالصِخ ( اٌز‬-7

collapse / arrive / appear / disappear / rise / come / sleep / die / cost / stay / go / break down / happen

- Heat and light come from the sun. // He died in 2020. // He disappeared yesterday.

*************************************************************************************
: ‫ف اٌضبٌش‬٠‫ظغ لجً اٌزصش‬ٛ٠ ) adv ( ‫د‬ٛ‫ع‬ٚ ‫ ؽبٌخ‬ٟ‫ ف‬-8

 You must plan your work carefully. Active

 Your work must be carefully planned. Passive
*************************************************************************************
: ‫ي‬ٛٙ‫ ٌٍّغ‬ٟٕ‫ ِج‬ٌٝ‫ً ئ‬٠ٛ‫ ػٕذ اٌزؾ‬v. to be ِٓ ً‫ ) ثذال‬get ( ً‫ّىٓ أْ ٔغزخذَ اٌفؼ‬٠ -9

 The police arrested the bank robbers. Active

 The bank robbers got arrested. Passive
*************************************************************************************
: ٟ‫ر‬٢‫ٓ وب‬١ٌٛ‫ ِفؼ‬ٍٝ‫ ػ‬ٞٛ‫ ثؼط اٌغًّ رؾز‬-10

 I sent her some books. Active

 She was sent some books. (or) Some books were sent to her. Passive
*************************************************************************************
-11
need to be + P.P // need + V-ing
 The windows need cleaning.
 The windows need to be cleaned.
*************************************************************************************
: َ‫ اٌزب‬ٟ‫ي ٌٍّبظ‬ٛٙ‫ ٌؼًّ اٌّغ‬After ِٓ ً‫ ) ثذال‬Having been + P.P ( َ‫ّىٓ أْ ٔغزخذ‬٠ -12

 After they had freed the dinosaurs, they destroyed many buildings. Active
 Having been freed, the dinosaurs destroyed many building. Passive
 After the secretary had typed the reports, the boss signed them. Active
 Having been typed, the boss signed the reports. Passive
*************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 82

 : ‫ اٌّغزّش‬ٟ‫ي ٌٍّبظ‬ٛٙ‫ ) ٌؼًّ اٌّغ‬While + being + P.P ( َ‫ّىٓ أْ ٔغزخذ‬٠ -13

 While cooking, Mum tasted the food. Active

 While being cooked, Mum's food tasted nice. Passive
*************************************************************************************
: ‫ اٌغٍّخ‬ٕٝ‫ٔخزبس فؼً آخش ِٕبعت ٌّؼ‬ٚ ‫ش‬١‫زغ‬٠ ‫ي‬ٛٙ‫ٍٗ ٌٍّغ‬٠ٛ‫ فؼٕذ رؾ‬have / has ٛ٘ ٟ‫ ئرا وبْ فؼً اٌغٍّخ األعبع‬-14

- I have a flat. (Active) // A flat is owned by me. (Passive)

- I have a course every week. (Active) // A course is taken by me every week. (Passive)
*************************************************************************************
: ً‫ اٌفؼ‬ٟ‫زُ ٔف‬٠ ‫ي‬ٛٙ‫ اٌّغ‬ٌٝ‫ً ئ‬٠ٛ‫ اٌزؾ‬ٟ‫ ف‬nobody / no one ً‫ ئرا وبْ اٌفبػ‬-15

 Nobody helped us. Active

 We weren’t helped. Passive
*************************************************************************************
: no one / nobody ‫ ػٕذِب رجذأ اٌغٍّخ ثـ‬never ٌٝ‫ ئ‬ever ً٠ٛ‫زُ رؾ‬٠ -16

 Nobody has ever beaten me at chess. Active

 I have never been beaten at chess. Passive
*************************************************************************************
: ‫ صفخ‬ٚ‫ف صبٌش أ‬٠‫ ئال ئرا وبْ ثؼذ٘ب رصش‬being َ‫ ال رغزخذ‬-17

- While I was being on holiday, I had a great time. (×)

- While I was on holiday, I had a great time. (√)

*************************************************************************************
: ‫ آخش اٌغإاي‬ٟ‫ ف‬by َ‫ األعئٍخ ٔغزخذ‬ٟ‫ي ف‬ٛٙ‫ ٌٍّغ‬ٟٕ‫ ػٕذ اعزخذاَ اٌّج‬-18

 Who takes your children to school ? Active

 Who are your children taken to school by ? Passive
*************************************************************************************
: ‫خ‬١‫ر‬٢‫ي ٌألفؼبي ا‬ٛٙ‫ ٌٍّغ‬ٟٕ‫ً اٌغٍّخ ٌٍّج‬٠ٛ‫ الؽع رؾ‬-19

insist / suggest / recommend

demand / require / request / that ‫ي‬ٛ‫اٌّفؼ‬ be + PP
advise / order / propose ‫ي‬ٛ‫اٌّفؼ‬ should be + PP
It's (adj)

 He suggests that the old man be helped / should be helped.

 It's important that the job be done / should be done properly.

*************************************************************************************
Miss. Manar Saad 83
 : ٟ‫ر‬٢‫ي وب‬ٛٙ‫ ٌٍّغ‬ٟٕ‫ اٌّج‬ٟ‫ي األفؼبي اٌالصِخ ف‬ٛ‫ رؾ‬-20

say – think – know – consider – announce – report – expect – believe – claim – allege

It is / was / has been + P.P + that + S V O

- It's said that Ali drinks milk every day . // It is expected that he will win the Nobel Prize.

S + v. to be + P.P + to + V1 ٍَٛ‫ِعبسع ِؼ‬

- Ali is said to drink milk every day . // He is expected to win the Nobel Prize.

O + v. to be + P.P + to + be + PP ‫ي‬ٛٙ‫ِعبسع ِغ‬

- Milk is said to be drunk every day . // The Nobel Prize is expected to be won.

S + v. to be + P.P + to have + P.P ٍَٛ‫ ِؼ‬ٟ‫ِبظ‬

- Ali was said to have drunk milk yesterday . // He was expected to have won the Nobel Prize .

O + v. to be + P.P + to have been + P.P ‫ي‬ٛٙ‫ ِغ‬ٟ‫ِبظ‬

- Milk was said to have been drunk yesterday. // The Nobel Prize was expected to have been won.

S + [Link] + PP to + V1 ٍَٛ‫ صِٓ اٌّعاسع اٌّؼ‬to + have + PP ٍَٛ‫ اٌّؼ‬ٟ‫صِٓ اٌّاظ‬

O + [Link] + PP to + be + PP ‫ي‬ٛٙ‫ صِٓ اٌّعاسع اٌّع‬to have been + PP ‫ي‬ٛٙ‫ اٌّع‬ٟ‫صِٓ اٌّاظ‬

1- The bank is said ( to rob – to be robbed – to have robbed – to have been robbed ).

2- The robber is said ( to rob – to be robbed – to have robbed – to have been robbed ).

3- The driver is said ( to cause – to be caused – to have caused – to have been caused ) yesterday's accident.

4- The problems are said ( to make – to be made – to have made – to have been made ) every time he comes.

5- That student is said ( to make – to be made – to have made – to have been made ) problems every time

he comes.
*************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 84

 ♣ Extra Points
) Let + O + be + PP ( ‫ي‬ٛٙ‫ ٌٍّغ‬ٟٕ‫ اٌّج‬ٟ‫اٌطٍت ف‬ٚ ‫ األِش‬-1

- Turn on electricity. (Active) // Let electricity be turned on. (Passive)

to + V1 (or) to be + PP ٓ١ٍ‫ ٔغزخذَ أؽذ اٌؾى‬there is / there are ‫ رجذأ ة‬ٟ‫ ثؼط اٌغًّ اٌز‬ٟ‫ ف‬-2

- There is a lot of work to do / to be done.

- There are six e-mails to write / to be written today.

‫ي‬ٛٙ‫ اٌّغ‬ٟ‫ ف‬will be + PP ٌٝ‫ي ئ‬ٛ‫زؾ‬٠ shall ً‫ اٌفؼ‬-3

- I shall ask her tomorrow. (Active) // She will be asked tomorrow. (Passive)

nowhere ‫ي ثؼذ‬ٛٙ‫ ِغ‬ٟ‫ رأر‬see / find ٓ١ٍ‫ اٌفؼ‬-4

- He was nowhere to be seen. // The dog was nowhere to be found.

********************************************************************************** ********************

♣ Advanced exercises for toppers ♣

1- This task ( was seemed – is seemed – seeming – seems ) difficult.

2- The company ( founded – was founded – was found – found ) in 1978.

3- He doesn’t let himself ( laugh – be laughed – laughed – being laughed ) at.

4- The old man ( has seen – has been seen – sees – is being seen ) to cross the busy road.

5- One should never allow oneself ( control – be controlled – to control – to be controlled ).

6- ( Stung – Stinging – Having stung – Been stung ) in the arm by a scorpion , I felt great pain.

7- Tea with milk ( drunken – drinking – drinks – drunk ) every morning is an Egyptian custom.

8- ( By how many – With whose – To whom – By how much ) people was the lecture attended ?

9- "Guess what" I've ( promoted – get promoted – been promoted – to be promoted ) to manager.

10- Whenever my son does something wrong, he become afraid ( of punishing – of being punished ).

11- The storm caused the roof on the barn to ( be collapsed – collapse – collapsed – being collapsed ).

12- Who was the housework ( being done – done – doing – be done ) by while mother was traveling ?

13- The man ( examines – being examined – is examining – been examined ) now has a severe headache.

14- A: My car is broken down . B: You should ( have – have had – get – had ) it repaired a long time ago.

******************************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 85

 ♣ Grammar exercises ♣
1- Choose the correct answer :
1- ( Will – Has – Is – Does ) oil produced in Spain ?

2- Rainforests ( are being cut – are cutting – cut – have cut ).

3- Foxes ( hunted – hunt – are hunted – are hunting ) for their fur.

4- Drinking water must be ( purify – purifying – purifies – purified ).

5- Pupils want ( be – being – to have – to be ) collected from school.

6- I hate ( being lied to – lied to – lying to – am lied to ) by my friends.

7- The doctor ( asked - asking – being asked – was asked ) to visit the patient.

8- He was believed ( escaping – to escaping – to have escaped – escaped ) abroad.

9- People ( are said – were said – has said – say ) that Ramy will win a gold medal.

10- It ( alleges – is alleged – has alleged – will allege)that the robbers were in disguise.

11- Your free gift ( will send – send – was sent – will be sent ) to you in the next days.

12- He never expected the watch to ( have found – be found – find – has been found ).

13- She was said ( to have left – leaving – left – to be left ) the house the week before.

14- My car ( repairs – is repairing – is being repaired – was repaired ) now , so I'll take a taxi.

15- Hady realized his faults after the answer sheets ( had been – was being – are being –have been ) collected.

16- The play is suggested to (being cancelled – cancel – have cancelled – be cancelled ). ( 2011 )

17- My homework ( has to finish – has finished – has to be finished – has to be finishing ) tonight.

18- A lecture ( is being given – was given – is giving – has been given ) in the main hall at the moment.

19- My holiday plans ( have spoiled – had spoiled – are spoiling – have been spoiled ) due to the bad weather.

20- The lessons ( have revised – have to be revised – have to revise – are revising ) before the exams.

21- The students ( showed – were shown – were showing – would show ) how to do the experiment.

22- New York ( says – has said – is saying – is said ) to be one of the most beautiful cities in the world .

23- The government has announced that petrol prices ( will be raising - will rise - will be rose - will rose ).

24- The government has announced that petrol prices ( will raising - will raise - will be raised - will rose ).

25- I found out that the parcel ( had sent – will send – would send – had been sent ) to the wrong address.

Miss. Manar Saad 86

26- The law must never ( break - broken - be breaking - be broken).

27- Don't be wasteful or your money ( will be run - will run - run - ran ) out.

28- A lot of money ( is spending - spends - has spent - is being spent ) on education.

29- They are expected ( to have won - to win - to be won - that they will win ) the cup.

30- Mayada came secretly for fear of ( was seen - seeing - being seen - had been seen ).

31- The essays have to ( hands - handing - hand - be handed ) in at the end of the week.

32- Naturally, people objected to ( treat - be treated - be treating - being treated ) like animals.

33- This company ( was founded - was founding - had founded - founded ) by two Americans in 1978.

34- In my opinion , teachers ( ought to pay – ought to have paid – should have paid –ought to be paid )

more than they are now .

35- The spy was believed ( be escaped – being escaped – to have escaped – be escaped ) out of the

country last summer.

36- The big projects, ( which carried – are carried – carrying – carried ) out all over Egypt , will help

to increase the national income .

37- Those walls ( should wash – should be washed – should be washing – should have washed )

before you paint them.

38- A new air conditioning ( needs to install – needs to be installing – needs to be installed – needs to

being installed ) in our flat.

39- The works of Shakespeare ( are going to translate - had been translating - had translated -

have been translated ) into every major language in the world.

40- Sam didn’t decorate the rooms himself.

He ( had decorated them – had them decorated – has decorated them – was decorated ).

*************************************************************************************

Ill news travels fast ‫ٕزؾش ثغشػخ‬٠ ‫ئ‬١‫اٌخجش اٌغ‬

Miss. Manar Saad 87

 ♣ Future Forms ♣
will / won't + V1 ///// ( will be + P.P )
: ٍٟ٠ ‫ش ػٓ ِب‬١‫ ٌٍزؼج‬will َ‫☺ رغزخذ‬
ْ‫ش ػٓ ػّش اإلٔغب‬٠‫ ) وبٌؾذ‬future facts ( ‫خ‬١ٍ‫ش ػٓ ؽمبئك ِغزمج‬١‫ اٌزؼج‬-1
 Shrouk will be 17 next Friday.
ً١ٌ‫ب د‬ٙ١ٍ‫ظ ػ‬١ٌ ) predictions ( ً‫ اٌّغزمج‬ٟ‫ اٌزٕجإ ثأؽذاس ف‬-2
 In the future , people will spend their holidays in space.
) quick decision ( ‫غ‬٠‫ لشاس عش‬-3
 That's the phone ringing. I'll answer it. // I'll have tea, please.
) offering help ) ‫ ػشض ِغبػذح‬-4
 I'll go shopping with you if you like. // I'll make some coffee for you.
) requests ( ‫ غٍت اٌّغبػذح‬-5
 Will you post this letter for me, please ?
) threats and promises ( ‫د‬ٛ‫ػ‬ٚ ٚ ‫ذاد‬٠‫ذ‬ٙ‫ ر‬-6
 I'll punish you if you come late again.
: ٌٟ‫رٌه وبٌزب‬ٚ ‫خ‬١ِٕ‫اثػ اٌض‬ٚ‫ ِغ اٌش‬will َ‫ رغزخذ‬-7
after / when / the moment
+ ً‫ فاػ‬+ ‫ػ‬١‫ ِعاسع تغ‬/ َ‫ِعاسع ذا‬ ً‫ فاػ‬+ will + V1
as soon as / before / till / until

 She will do homework before she goes to bed.

.‫ػ‬١‫ ِغرمثً تغ‬ٝ‫ثم‬٠ ‫خش‬٢‫اٌفؼً ا‬ٚ ing ً‫ف ٌٍفؼ‬١‫ فئٕٔا ٔع‬before ٚ‫ أ‬after ٍٟ٠ ٞ‫ إرا ؼزفٕا اٌفاػً اٌز‬
 After doing homework, she will go to bed.
ٌٝٚ‫ اٌؾبٌخ األ‬ٟ‫ ف‬unless ٚ‫ أ‬if ‫ ِغ‬will ‫عب‬٠‫ رغزخذَ أ‬-8
 If he goes by taxi, he will get there in time.
) will + ‫ُ غبٌجب ً ( اٌّصذس‬ٙ‫خ فإٔب ٔغزخذَ ِؼ‬١‫ر‬٢‫ ػٕذ اعزخذاَ اٌؼجبساد ا‬: ‫ظخ ٘بِخ‬ٛ‫ ٍِؾ‬-9
I expect , probably, I'm sure, I hope, I believe, I think, I wonder, possibly, I suppose, I feel sure, perhaps.
 I'll probably be home late this evening. // I wonder what will happen.
) .... ٟ‫ ػصج‬/ ‫غذ اٌّإلزخ ( ُِزؼت‬١ٌٚ ).... ‫بسح‬ٌّٙ‫ ا‬/ ‫ اٌغجبء‬/ ‫خ اٌذائّخ ( اٌزوبء‬١‫ ِغ اٌغّبد اٌؾخص‬-10
 He is clever. I think, he will succeed.
*************************************************************************************
Miss. Manar Saad 88
 )2( am / is / are + going to + V1
: ٓ١‫ ؽبٌز‬ٟ‫مخ ف‬٠‫☺ رغزخذَ ٘زٖ اٌطش‬
) intention/intend , plan , decision/decide , make up mind ( ‫ لشاس‬ٚ‫ خطخ أ‬ٚ‫خ أ‬١ٔ ٓ‫ش ػ‬١‫ اٌزؼج‬-1
 He is saving up because he is going to buy a car.
 She has bought some cloth because she is going to make herself a dress.
 They've bought some building materials because they're going to build a house.

( predictions based on evidence ) ٗ١ٍ‫ً ػ‬١ٌ‫د د‬ٛ‫ع‬ٌٛ ‫ؾذس‬٠ ْ‫ؽه أ‬ٚ ٍٝ‫ فؼً ػ‬ٚ‫ اٌزٕجإ ثؾذس أ‬-2
 He is turning on TV. He is going to watch the film. Hint
Watch out - Look out
 I've just read the weather report. It's going to be sunny. - Be careful - set the
table for - pregnant
 Look at the sky . It's dark and cloudy. I think it's going to rain.
*************************************************************************************
) 3 ( The Present Continuous Tense (am/is/are+ V-ing)
ٌٗ ‫ت‬١‫ اٌّغزمجً رُ اٌزشر‬ٟ‫ش ػٓ اٌّغزمجً ػٕذ اٌزؾذس ػٓ ؽذس ف‬١‫غزخذَ صِٓ اٌّعبسع اٌّغزّش ٌٍزؼج‬٠ ☺
( arrange / prepare / book or get tickets / appointment / ‫ اٌؽفالخ‬ٚ ‫االظرّاػاخ‬ٚ ‫اساخ‬٠‫اٌض‬ٚ ‫) اٌغفش‬
 Tomorrow , we're visiting friends.
Hint
 She's flying to India in the summer. Everything is O.K.

 I'm flying to Canada next Saturday. I've booked the tickets .

 He is leaving work early tomorrow. He arranged that with the boss.
 I'm meeting Soha at the club tomorrow. I've made an appointment with her.
*************************************************************************************
) 4 ( The Present Simple Tense
ٛ‫يذ صبثزيخ وّيب ٘ي‬١‫اػ‬ّٛ‫ لبئّيخ ِؼيذح ث‬ٚ‫يذ أ‬١‫اػ‬ِٛ ‫ي‬ٚ‫ش ػيٓ ؽيذس ِيشرجػ ثغيذ‬١‫ػ ٌٍزؼج‬١‫غزخذَ صِٓ اٌّعبسع اٌجغ‬٠ ☺
‫ي االِزؾبٔبد‬ٚ‫عذا‬ٚ ‫ثشاِظ اٌزٍفبص‬ٚ ‫اٌّغشػ‬ٚ ‫ّٕب‬١‫س اٌؼشض وبٌغ‬ٚ‫د‬ٚ ‫ ِىبرت اٌؾغض‬ٟ‫اٌؾبي ف‬

 The film starts at 10:40.

 The course is in October.
 The exams take place on 11th June.
 This lesson doesn’t finish until 2:30.
 The train to Alex leaves at exactly 2:20.
 The planes to Saudi Arabia leave at 3:00 am.
*************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 89

 ) 5 ( The Future Continuous Tense (will be+ V-ing)
ً‫ اٌّغيزمج‬ٟ‫لذ ِؾذد في‬ٚ ٟ‫ء ِب ف‬ٟ‫ ِٕزصف ػًّ ؽ‬ٟ‫ْ ف‬ٛ‫ي إٔٔب عٕى‬ٛ‫غزخذَ صِٓ اٌّغزمجً اٌّغزّش ػٕذِب ٔم‬٠ ☺
( will + be + v-ing ) ِٓ ْٛ‫زى‬٠ٚ
 Don’t come tomorrow , I'll be sleeping then .
 From 3 to 5 tomorrow , I'll be playing football .
 At 4 o'clock tomorrow , I'll be revising English .
 This time next year , Omar will be revising for his final exam .
 In two years' time , Khaled will be studying English at university .
Take care :
‫ح‬١‫اٌٍّى‬ٚ ‫اإلدسان‬ٚ ‫اٌّشاػش‬ٚ ‫اط‬ٛ‫ ِٓ األصِٕح اٌّغرّشج ِغ أفؼاي اٌؽ‬ٞ‫ أ‬ٚ‫غرخذَ اٌّغرمثً اٌّغرّش أ‬٠ ‫ال‬
 At seven tomorrow, the pool will contain fresh water. (NOT: will be containing).
*************************************************************************************
) 6 ( The Future Continuous Tense (may be+ V-ing)
: َ‫☺اإلعزخذا‬
. ِٓ‫ذغرّش فرشج ِٓ اٌض‬ٚ ً‫ اٌّغرمث‬ٟ‫ٓ ف‬١‫لد ِؼ‬ٚ ٟ‫ش ِؤوذج ) ف‬١‫ْ ِؽرٍّح ( غ‬ٛ‫ذغرخذَ ِغ أؼذاز ذى‬
 I'm not sure, many people may be moving to Cairo in the next 50 years .
*************************************************************************************
) 7 ( The Future Perfect Tense (will have + P.P)
: ٓ٠ٛ‫☺اٌزى‬
will + have + p.p
: َ‫☺اإلعزخذا‬
ً‫ اٌّغرمث‬ٟ‫ٓ ف‬١‫لد ِؼ‬ٚ ً‫ْ لذ ذُ لث‬ٛ‫ى‬١‫ء ع‬ٟ‫ أْ ش‬ٍٝ‫ذي صِٓ اٌّغرمثً اٌراَ ػ‬٠ٚ
: ‫☺اٌىٍّبد اٌذاٌخ‬
by / before / this time / by the time ‫لح تىٍّح‬ٛ‫ اٌّغرمثً ِغث‬ٍٝ‫غرخذَ ٘زا اٌضِٓ ػادج ِغ اٌىٍّاخ اٌذاٌح ػ‬٠ٚ

By the year 2035 / by next Monday / Before midnight tomorrow / This time next year /
by next October / by 7 o'clock tomorrow
: ‫ي‬ٛٙ‫ ٌٍّغ‬ٟٕ‫☺اٌّج‬
O + will + have + been + p.p

1- They will have built the new bridge by the year 2030 .
 The new bridge will have been built by the year 2030 .
*************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 90

♣ Notes for advanced level

: َ‫ش ذا‬١‫ إرا واْ اٌؽذز غ‬by ‫ح ذثذأ ب‬١ٍ‫ح ِغرمث‬١ِٕ‫شاخ ص‬١‫د ذؼث‬ٛ‫ظ‬ٚ ً‫ ظ‬ٟ‫ػ ف‬١‫ّىٓ اعرخذاَ اٌّغرمثً اٌثغ‬٠ -

 By 2040, people will use renewable sources of energy.

: ‫ح‬٠‫ٓ تؼٕا‬١‫ذ‬٢‫ٓ ا‬١ٌ‫ادسط اٌّصا‬ -

- When you leave the office, I will send the emails. ‫َ ثبإلسعبي‬ٛ‫ثؼذ ِغبدسره ٌٍّىزت عأل‬

- When you leave the office, I will have sent the emails. ‫ْ االسعبي لذ رُ لجً ِغبدسره ٌٍّىزت‬ٛ‫ى‬١‫ع‬

♣ Take care

 I just read the weather report. It's going to be sunny.

.‫ح‬٠ٛ‫ش األسصاد اٌع‬٠‫ ذمش‬ٛ٘ٚ ً١ٌ‫ د‬ٍٝ‫٘زا اٌرٕثؤ تؽاٌح اٌطمظ لائُ ػ‬ -

 My sister is going to have a baby.

.ً١ٌ‫ د‬ٌٝ‫ؽراض دائّا ً إ‬٠ ‫الدج ال‬ٌٛ‫٘زا اٌرٕثؤ تا‬ -

 I feel terrible. I think I'm going to be sick.

‫ّشض‬٠ ‫ف‬ٛ‫ فأراتٗ إؼغاط تأٔٗ ع‬ٟ‫ؼ‬١‫ش غث‬١‫شؼش تأٔٗ غ‬٠ ‫شخص تذأ‬ -

 I can't see you tomorrow. We're visiting relatives.

*************************************************************************************
Hints for toppers :
 By 2030, English ( will be spoken - will have spoken - will have been spoken ) all over Egypt.

 This time tomorrow, this flat ( will be belonging - is belonging - will have been belonged -

will belong ) to us.

 When I go to Aswan next winter, I ( have been - will go - will be going - will have been ) to

five of Egypt's governorates.

 When you arrive home tomorrow, I ( am preparing – will have prepared – will prepare – will

have been prepared ) the meal. I will wait for you to help me.

 When you arrive home tomorrow, I ( am preparing – will have prepared – will prepare – will

have been prepared ) the meal. You will find the table set for lunch.

*************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 91

  ‫تدريبات على أشكال املستقبل‬
1- Choose the correct answer :
1- Shadi : Would you like to have lemon juice or orange juice ?
Sally : I ( have – will have – 'm having – will be having ) orange juice.
2- Mother : The doorbell is ringing.
Mona : OK , I ( will be opening – open – will open – am opening ) the door.
3- Amira : Shall I see you at 7 o'clock tonight ?
Mona : No , I ( visit – will be visiting – have visited – going to visit ) my uncle then.
4- A : I've got a headache .
B : Wait there and I ( get – am getting – will get – am going to get ) you an aspirin.
5- I expect it ( going to rain – rains – will rain – is raining ) tomorrow.
6- Seham ( is going to be – was – has been – will be ) twenty next month.
7- I'm sure the next match ( is going to be – is – would be – will be ) exciting.
8- I ( am going – go – will go – have gone ) to the police if he does that again.
9- Look at the clouds ! It ( is raining – will be raining – rains – is going to rain ).
10- They ( hold – are holding – have hold – going to hold ) a meeting next Saturday.
11- They're decided what they ( will do – are going to do – do – have done ) tonight.
12- The train to Port Said ( might leave – will leave – is going to leave – leaves ) at ten.
13- From 6 to 8 tomorrow, I ( will visit – visit – are visiting – will be visiting) my aunt.
14- They ( have found - are finding - will have found - are going to find ) a cure by 2040.
15- She (is travelling – travels – travelled – has travelled) to London next spring . ( 2003 )
16- Don’t pick up the phone . I ( have answered – am answering – answer – will answer ) it.
17- She is setting the table for dinner . They ( eat – will be eating – 're going to eat – have eaten ).
18- I want to buy a new villa , so I ( am going to – will – going to – will be ) save a lot of money.
19- I ( am going – go – will go – have gone ) home in half an hour . I've arranged it with the boss.
20- Look at the sky ! It's clear. It ( is raining – will be raining – isn't going to rain – is going to rain ).
21- Oh , no ! Look at that boy . He ( falls – will be falling – is going to fall – should fall ) off the tree.
22- I think he ( is winning – will win – would win – wins ) the first prize in the swimming competition.
23- They ( may travel – travel – are travelling – will travel ) to Aswan next Friday. They got the tickets.
24- Before the end of this century, they ( have found - are finding - will have found ) life on other planets.
25- My room looks untidy. ( Are you tidying.– Will you tidy – Are you going to tidy ) it for me, please ?
26- I ( meet – am meeting – have met – met ) Omar at the airport at 7 o'clock tomorrow. We arranged that.
27- There's a history programme on TV tonight. I think you ( are going to enjoy – are enjoying – will enjoy ) it.
28- What the problem is ( will have discovered - has been discovering - being discovered - will have been
discovered ) by tomorrow.
*************************************************************************************
Miss. Manar Saad 92
  Adjectives ‫الصغات‬

:‫اظصػاتمتصفماألمساءموتلؿكدممضؾلماألمساءمومبعدمبعضماألصعالمعـل‬
be - feel - look - sound - seem - taste - become - smell - appear

Tom is a careful driver. // Please be quiet. // Tom looked sad when I saw him.

be ‫اظصػاتمدوعامهؿاجمظوجودماظػعلماٌلاسد‬
I'm tall. / We're happy. / He's rich. / He was happy.

‫مإذامجاءتمعػردهمؼعينمحقـؿامالمؼؿؾعفامادم‬a / an ‫اظصػاتمالمتُفؿعموالمتُلؾقمببم‬
He is a clever boy . // They are clever boys . // He is tall . // He is a tall boy.

‫ ممم‬: ‫هناك ثالثة أنواع من الصفات‬ 

‫مصػاتمذاذة م‬-3‫ممم‬ ‫مصػاتمروؼؾة م‬-2‫ممم‬ ‫مصػاتمضصرية‬-1

: ‫مالحظات هامة‬

‫'ماٌؾؽقة مأوماألسدادماظرتتقؾقة م‬s ‫م ضؾلمصػةماظؿػضقلمسـدعامؼلؾؼفامصػةمعؾؽقةممأوم‬the ‫مالمتلؿكدمم‬-1

 Naguib Mahfouz is Egypt's best novelist. // Is Ahmed your youngest brother ?

 Gold is the second most valuable metal. // Salah is the third best player in the world.
‫ م‬.‫ممضؾلماألذكاصمواالدمماىؿعم‬of‫ممضؾلماٌؽانمأوماالدمماٌػردموحرفماىرمم‬in‫مسـدماٌؼارغةمبنيمأطـرمعنماثـنيمغلؿكدممحرفماىرمم‬-2

 Amina is the most talented person in the class/family . // Hanna is the nicest girl of her sisters .
‫ م‬:‫مػـاكمصػاتمالمتلؿكدممضؾلماالدممعطؾؼاًمعـلم‬-3

afraid / awake / asleep / alone / alight / alive

 The baby that was asleep smiled nicely. (NOT: The asleep baby)
‫ م‬:‫متُلؿكدمماظصػاتمبعدماظضؿائرمشريماحملددةماظؿاظقةم‬-4

someone - somebody - somewhere - no one - nothing - anyone - anywhere - everywhere - everybody

 Let's drink something cold. (NOT: cold something)

‫ م‬:‫ماظصػاتماٌطؾؼةموػيماظصػاتمذاتماٌعـىماٌطؾقمالمتُلؿكدممأيمزروفمدرجةمضؾؾفام‬-5

dead / final / impossible / main / empty / unique / perfect / digital / freezing / complete
 My grandparents are dead. (NOT: extremely dead)
‫ م‬:‫ماظصػاتماٌطؾؼةمالمتُلؿكدمميفماٌؼارغةمواظؿػضقلم‬-6

 My grandfather is deader than my grandmother. (WRONG)

Miss. Manar Saad 93

 ‫ م‬:‫مالحظمسطفمغػسمصػةماٌؼارغةمسؾىمأخرىمظؾؿوطقدموظؿؼوؼةمععـىماظصػةم‬-7

 It's getting hotter and hotter here in Aswan.

 You are getting more and more nervous nowadays.
‫ م‬a lot / much / even / far / a bit / a little / slightly ‫مميؽنمأنمحنددمعؼدارمصػةماٌؼارغةمبادؿكدامم‬-8

 Your mobile is much cheaper than mine.

 The television is much more expensive than the radio.
‫ممظؾقانمأغهمالمصرقمبنيمذكصنيمأومذقؽني م‬exactly the same (noun) as‫مؼُلؿكدممػذاماظرتطقبمم‬-9

 Your bag is exactly the same as my bag.

‫ممظؾقانمأنماظػارقمظقسمطؾرياًم م‬almost as + adj1 + as // slightly + adj2 + than‫مؼُلؿكدممػذاماظرتطقبمم‬-10

 I'm almost as tall as my brother.

 The trip to New Zealand is slightly more expensive than the trip to Brazil.
‫ممظؾقانمأنماظػارقمطؾرياًمبنيمذكصنيمأومذقؽني م‬far + adj2 + than‫مؼُلؿكدممػذاماظرتطقبمم‬-11

 In my opinion, working on a farm is far more interesting than working in a factory.

more ‫ممضؾلماظصػاتماظؼصريةموالمميؽنمادؿكدامم‬less‫مميؽنمأنمغلؿكدمممم‬-12
 Ahmed is less strong than Ali.
******************************************************************************
‫غوعماظصػة‬ Adj 1 Adj 2 Adj 3
tall taller than the tallest
short shorter than the shortest
fat slightly fatter than the fattest
‫صػاتمضصرية‬

thin ‫بدرجةمرػقػة‬ thinner than the thinnest

hot hotter than the hottest
a bit
easy easier than the easiest
healthy
a little healthier than the healthiest
clever rather cleverer than the cleverest
few quite fewer than the fewest
expensive ً‫ضؾقال‬ more/less expensive than the most/the least expensive
‫صػاتمروؼؾة‬ interesting even more/less interesting than the most/the least interesting
important much more/less important than the most/the least important
good a lot better than the best
bad far worse than the worst
‫صػاتمذاذة‬

many ً ‫طـريا‬ more ……. than the most

much more ……. than the most
little less ……. than the least
far further than / farther than the furthest / the farthest
*************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 94

 ‫الصفات القصيرة‬
tall - short - fat - thin - cold - hot - big - small - large - easy - healthy - hard - clever - stupid
* Mona is tall. * English is easy.
* Mona is taller than Hend / me. * English is easier than France.
* Mona is the tallest girl in the class. * English is the easiest subject.
****************************************** ******************************************
* Hager is clever. * Today is hot.
* Hager is cleverer than Ola. * Today is hotter than yesterday.
* Hager is the cleverest girl of her friends. * Today is the hottest.

‫الصفات الطويلة‬
expensive - difficult - interesting - fantastic - wonderful - amazing - impressive - important
* Rana is beautiful. * My car is expensive.
* Rana is more beautiful than Hend. * My car is less expensive than yours.
* Rana is the most beautiful of her friends. * My car is the least expensive car.

‫الصفات الشاذة‬
good - bad - many - much - little - far
* Mona is good. * Rehab has many pens.
* Mona is better than you. * Rehab has more pens than me.
* Mona is the best of all workers. * Rehab has the most pens in the class.
****************************************** ******************************************
* Faten is bad. * Heba has much money.
* Faten is worse than you. * Heba has more money than me.
* Faten is the worst girl in her family. * Heba has the most money of all girls.
****************************************** ******************************************
* My school is far. * Mona has little water.
* My school is further than the club. * Mona has less water than us.
* My school is the furthest. * Mona has the least water of all us.

‫تساوي درجة المقارنة‬

as + adj (1)/ adv + as // the same + noun + as // (be) of the same + noun
* Mona is as tall as me. * My car isn't as expensive as yours.
* Mona is as beautiful as Heba. * My car isn't so expensive as yours.
* Mona is as good as Samira. * Mona is the same age as Heba.

..... ‫ كلما‬...... ‫كلما‬

* The more he studies , the higher marks he gets.
* The harder you study , the higher marks you get.

‫الحظ‬
* Omar is the tallest of his friends.
* Omar is the taller of his two brothers. ( two / both / twins )
*************************************************************************************
Miss. Manar Saad 95
 ♣ Grammar exercises ♣
1- Read the sentence and tick ( √ ) or ( × ) then correct the false one :
‫ )×( شُ صؽػ اٌعٍّح اٌخطأ‬ٚ‫الشأ اٌعٍّح شُ ظغ (√) أ‬

1- The asleep baby was cute. ( )

......................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................

2- He is more taller than her. ( )

......................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................

3- Let's drink something cold. ( )

......................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................

4- My sister is thinner than me. ( )

......................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................

5- Mohamed Salah is a famous. ( )

......................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................

6- My sister is thinner than I am. ( )

......................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................

7- My grandparents are very dead. ( )

......................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................

8- I bought a camera digital yesterday. ( )

................................................................................................................................. ...........................................................................

9- Mohamed Salah is a famous player. ( )

............................................................................................................................ ................................................................................

10- I met important somebody in the party. ( )

............................................................................................................................................................................................................

11- It's getting hot and hotter here in Aswan. ( )

............................................................................................................................................................................................................

12- Using devices are cheaper than new ones. ( )

............................................................................................................................................................................................................

*************************************************************************************
Miss. Manar Saad 96
2- Choose the correct answer :
1- He is ( most - much - more - less ) tall than me.

2- He is ( little - a little - more - less ) taller than me.

3- My flat is as ( big - bigger - biggest - size ) as yours.

4- My flat is the same ( big - bigger - biggest - size ) as yours.

5- I speak French ( fewer - worse - fewest - worst ) than I write it.

6- This street is ( much - more - exactly - a lot of ) wider than ours.

7- This exam is not ( very - such - so - same ) tough as the previous.

8- The road isn't so ( longer - the longest - longest - long ) as I thought.

9- He is ( more taller - the taller - the tallest - much taller ) of the twins.

10- Yesterday was ( as hot - more hot - less hot - a little hot ) than today.

11- Salah is currently ( best - the best - better - good ) player in his team.

12- An eagle has got a ( good - better - best - bad ) eyesight than a human.

13- ( Using - Used - Usage - Use ) cars is one of the causes of air pollution.

14- The harder you practise, the ( fitter - fittest - least fit - fit ) you become.

15- You look ( happy - happier - more happy - happiest ) today than yesterday.

16- The new wall is not ( so high as - the high as - high as - as high so ) the old one.

17- This is ( the funniest - funny - funnier than - as funny as ) film I have ever seen.

18- He lives two miles ( farther - far - farthest - furthest ) away from the club than I do.

19- The Nile is as long as the Amazon. They are the same ( length - long - tall - height ).

20- Mostafa played his ( more worse - worse than - the worst - worst ) match yesterday.

21- The journey took ( longer than - as long - so longer - longest ) I expected, so I got very tired.

22- It's too noisy here. Can we go somewhere ( more quiet - quieter - most quiet - less quieter ) ?

23- I think reading a novel is ( as - much - many - a lot of ) more interesting than watching a movie.

24- He asked me so many ( confused - confusing - confusion ) questions to which I couldn't answer.

25- The man with a long moustache was ( frightens - frightened - frightening ). The little boy ran away.

*************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 97

  Adverbs ‫الظروف‬
‫اظظروفمتصفماألصعالموتأتيمخؾػهموماظظرفمخيربغامطقفمؼػعلمذكصمذقؽامعامأومطقف حيدثمذيءمعا‬
Tom drove carefully along the narrow road. // We didn't go out because it was raining heavily.

‫ ظؾصػةموتؿقولمإديمزرف‬ly ‫غالحظميفمععظمماياالتمغضقف‬

He is a careful driver. ‫صفة‬

He drives carefully. ‫ظرف‬

 Form ‫متؽوؼـهم‬
‫م)مظؾصػة‬ly‫تؿؽونمععظمماظظروفمبإضاصةم(م‬ 

rapid = rapidly quick = quickly

)‫م‬ly‫م)مؼضافمهلام(م‬l‫اظصػاتماظيتمتـؿفيمبم(م‬ 

careful = carefully moral = morally

)‫م‬y‫م)مببم(م‬e‫م)مغلؿؾدلماظبم(م‬le‫اظصػاتماظيتمتـؿفيمببم(م‬ 

possible = possibly incredible = incredibly

)‫م‬ly‫م)مثممغضقفم(م‬i‫م)مإديم(م‬y‫م)مضؾؾفامحرفمداطنمتؼؾبم(م‬y‫اظصػاتماظيتمتـؿفيمببم(م‬ 

happy = happily busy = busily

‫ م‬badly‫ مػومم‬bad ‫مموعنم‬//‫مم‬well‫ مػومم‬good‫اظظرفمعنمم‬ 

 He is a good driver. (adj) = He drives well. (adv)

‫م م‬:‫مموسـدمهوؼؾفامظظروفمتؽونمطاآلتيم‬ly ‫ممزرفمصفـاكمصػاتمتـؿفيمببم‬ly ‫ظقسمطلمعامؼـؿفيمببم‬ 

friendly = in a friendly way silly = in a silly way

lovely = in a lovely way ugly = in an ugly way
cowardly / deadly / elderly / likely / lively / lonely
:‫ػـاكمبعضماظؽؾؿاتماظيتمتلؿكدممطصػاتموزروفمبالمتغقريميفمايروفم‬ 

hard / early / late / fast / long / near / daily /

 It's a very hard lesson. hard (adj)
 I work hard to get more money for my family. hard (adv)
 The train to Tanta is early / late today. early / late (adj)
 I go to school early / late. early / late (adv)
 My new car is small, but very fast. fast (adj)
 He ran fast to catch the train. fast (adv)
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Miss. Manar Saad 98
 ‫اظظرفمؼصف م‬
He speaks slowly. ً‫اٌفؼ‬
She's extremely beautiful. ‫اٌصفخ‬
They played extremely well. ‫اٌظشف‬

‫عؽانماظظرفميفماىؿؾة م‬
He runs quickly. ً‫ثؼذ اٌفؼ‬
I can study it easily. ٗ‫ي ث‬ٛ‫ثؼذ اٌّفؼ‬
I'm awfully sorry for being late. very ٕٝ‫ ِؼ‬ٟ‫ؼط‬١ٌ ‫لجً اٌصفخ‬
She plays the piano really well. ‫لجً ظشف آخش‬

‫أغواعماظظروف م‬
She moved slowly and spoke quietly/well. ‫ء‬ٟ‫س اٌؾ‬ٚ‫خ ؽذ‬١‫ف‬١‫ظؼ و‬ٛ٠ : manner ‫مخ‬٠‫اٌطش‬
Sameh is extremely tired. // This car is very cheap. ‫خش‬٢‫ اٌظشف ا‬ٚ‫ح اٌصفخ أ‬ٛ‫ ل‬ٜ‫ٓ ِذ‬١‫ج‬٠ : degree ‫اٌذسعخ‬
He went upstairs/outside/everywhere/there. ‫ع اٌؾذس‬ٛ‫ل‬ٚ ْ‫ٓ ِىب‬١‫ج‬٠ : place ْ‫اٌّىب‬
See you later. ( before/afterwards/yet/still) ‫ع اٌؾذس‬ٛ‫ل‬ٚ ِٓ‫ٓ ص‬١‫ج‬٠ : time ْ‫اٌضِب‬
To get high marks, study hard. ( To avoid ... ) ً‫ٓ اٌغشض ِٓ اٌفؼ‬١‫ج‬٠ : purpose ‫اٌغشض‬
I always/never/often/sometimes get up early. ‫ع اٌؾذس‬ٛ‫ل‬ٚ ‫ٓ ػذد ِشاد‬١‫ج‬٠ : frequency ‫اٌزىشاس‬
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Adverbs of degree ‫ف اٌذسعخ‬ٚ‫ظش‬
‫ م‬:‫متلؿكدمماظظروفماظؿاظقةمضؾلماظصػاتماظعادؼةم‬:‫أوالم‬
very
extremely
quite + ( ordinary ) ‫خ‬٠‫صفخ ػبد‬
really
‫ م‬:‫متلؿكدمماظظروفماظؿاظقةمضؾلماظصػاتماظؼوؼةم‬:‫ثاغقاًم‬
absolutely / entirely
completely / utterly
really + ( extreme ) ‫خ‬٠ٛ‫صفخ ل‬

‫صػاتمسادؼة م‬ ‫صػاتمضوؼة م‬
big enormous
bad awful
old ancient
good excellent
tired exhausted
angry furious
surprised amazed
frightened terrified
happy / pleased delighted

 I'm very tired. // I was completely exhausted.

 The film is extremely interesting. // That's an absolutely amazing film.
 Mr Ahmed is a very good teacher. // Mr Ahmed is an absolutely excellent teacher.
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Miss. Manar Saad 99
 Advanced Points
[Link] be ‫ثؼذ‬ٚ ٟ‫ف لجً اٌفؼً األعبع‬ٚ‫ اٌظش‬ٟ‫ رأر‬
- We happily accepted his offer .
- The Great Wall of China is incredibly long .
‫ي‬ٛ‫ٌىٓ ظؼٗ ثؼذ اٌّفؼ‬ٚ ‫ي‬ٛ‫اٌّفؼ‬ٚ ً‫ٓ اٌفؼ‬١‫ ال رعغ اٌظشف ث‬
- I painted the house carefully .
‫ب‬ٙ‫ف ٌزؾذد دسعز‬ٚ‫ لجً اٌظش‬more , most , less , least َ‫ غبٌجب ً ٔغزخذ‬
- After the accident she walks less quickly .
- I can sleep more easily when the room is quiet .
- This is the most beautifully painted picture I've ever seen .
- They walked more carefully than usual on that old building .
ٓ١٠‫صفخ ػبد‬ٚ ‫خ ثظشف‬٠ٛ‫ّىٓ اعزجذاي اٌصفخ اٌم‬٠ 
- It is freezing today . = It is very cold today .
‫ ظشف ؽغت اٌغٍّخ‬ٚ‫ صفخ أ‬How ‫ ٔغزخذَ ثؼذ‬
- How good is your English ?
- How quickly can this horse run ?
‫خ‬١‫غبث‬٠‫ ا‬ٚ‫خ أ‬١‫ صفخ عٍج‬rather ‫ ٔغزخذَ ثؼذ‬
- The film was rather boring.
- The teacher was rather nice.
‫فخ‬١‫ اٌعؼ‬ٚ ‫خ‬٠ٛ‫ لجً اٌصفبد اٌم‬really َ‫ّىٓ اعزخذا‬٠ 
- She is really happy / delighted .
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Miss. Manar Saad 100

  ‫تدريبات على الظروف‬
1- Choose the correct answer :

Miss. Manar Saad 101

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Miss. Manar Saad 102
 ♣ Compound Adjectives ‫♣ الصفات المركبة‬
. ‫ أوضش‬ٚ‫ٓ أ‬١‫ْ ِٓ وٍّز‬ٛ‫ صفخ رزى‬ٟ٘ ‫اٌصفخ اٌّشوجخ‬

well-known actor , middle-aged woman , never-to-be-forgotten leader

: ٌٟ‫رٕمغُ اٌصفبد اٌّشوجخ ئ‬ٚ

- a ten-day trip // a four-hour meeting // four-hour meetings : َ‫ اٌصيفبد اٌّشوجيخ ِيغ األسليب‬-1
: ‫ اٌصفبد اٌّشوجخ ِغ اٌصفبد‬-2
Adj + P.P Adj + -ing Adj + noun
absent-minded ٓ٘‫شاسد اٌز‬ good-looking ‫ش‬ٙ‫ ؼغٓ اٌّظ‬last-minute ‫شج‬١‫ اٌٍؽظح األخ‬ٟ‫ف‬
big-eared ٓ١ٔ‫ش األر‬١‫وث‬ long-lasting ‫ٍح‬٠ٛ‫َ ٌفرشج غ‬ٚ‫ذ‬٠ full-length ًِ‫ي اٌىا‬ٛ‫تاٌط‬
kind-hearted ‫ة اٌمٍة‬١‫غ‬ easy-going ْ‫ ِش‬second-hand ًّ‫ِغرؼ‬
long-haired ‫ً اٌشؼش‬٠ٛ‫غ‬ slow-moving ‫ء اٌؽشوح‬ٟ‫تط‬
open-minded ‫اعغ األفك‬ٚ / ‫ِٕفرػ‬ far-reaching ٜ‫ذ اٌّذ‬١‫تؼ‬
strong-willed ‫ّح‬٠‫ اٌؼض‬ٞٛ‫ل‬
short-sighted ‫ٗ لصش ٔظش‬٠‫ٌذ‬
red-handed ‫ِزٔة‬
quick-witted ‫ح‬ٙ٠‫غ اٌثذ‬٠‫عش‬
long-nosed ‫ً األٔف‬٠ٛ‫غ‬
green-eyed ٓ١ٕ١‫أخعش اٌؼ‬
deep-seated ‫ ِرعزس‬/ ً‫ِرأص‬
tight-fisted ً١‫تخ‬
clear-cut ‫اظػ‬ٚ / ‫ِؽذد‬

: ‫ف‬ٚ‫ اٌصفبد اٌّشوجخ ِغ اٌظش‬-3

Adv + P.P Adv + -ing
well-educated ً‫ذا‬١‫ ِرؼٍُ ظ‬never-ending ُ‫دائ‬
well-known ‫س‬ٛٙ‫ ِش‬/ ‫ف‬ٚ‫ ِؼش‬ever-lasting ُ‫دائ‬
well-informed ‫ ُِطٍغ‬forward-thinking ٖ‫ عاتك ػصش‬/ ‫ش‬١‫ اٌرفى‬ٟ‫عاتك ف‬
well-behaved ‫ن‬ٍٛ‫ؼغٓ اٌغ‬
highly-respected ‫ش‬١‫ تئؼرشاَ وث‬ٝ‫ؽظ‬٠
brightly-lit ‫عاغغ اإلظاءج‬
badly-written ‫ء‬ٟ‫ب تشىً ش‬ٛ‫ِىر‬
widely- spoken ‫اعغ‬ٚ ‫ ٔطاق‬ٍٝ‫ا ػ‬ٙ‫رُ اٌرؽذز ت‬٠
densely-populated ْ‫ف اٌغىا‬١‫وص‬

: ‫ اٌصفبد اٌّشوجخ ِغ األعّبء‬-4

Noun + P.P Noun + -ing Noun + adj Noun + noun
sun-baked ‫ِعفف تاٌشّظ‬ time-saving ‫لد‬ٌٍٛ ‫فش‬ِٛ fat-free ْٛ٘‫ ِٓ اٌذ‬ٌٟ‫خا‬ eye-drop ٓ١‫لطشج اٌؼ‬
middle-aged ‫ ِٕرصف اٌؼّش‬ٟ‫ف‬ English-speaking ‫ِرؽذز‬ world-famous ‫س‬ٛٙ‫ِش‬ hair-cream ‫ُ اٌشؼش‬٠‫وش‬
left-handed ‫ي‬ٛ‫أش‬/ ‫أػغش‬ mouth-watering ٟٙ‫ ش‬/ ‫ز‬٠‫ٌز‬ smoke-free ٓ١‫ع اٌرذخ‬ِّٕٛ egg-box ‫ط‬١‫ق اٌث‬ٚ‫صٕذ‬
right-handed ّٓ٠‫أ‬ labour-saving ‫فش ٌٍؼّاٌح‬ِٛ brand-new ‫ذ ذّاِا‬٠‫ظذ‬ tea-pot ٞ‫تشاد اٌشا‬
heart-broken ‫ِٕفطش اٌمٍة‬ record-breaking َ‫ِؽطُ األسلا‬ self-centered ٟٔ‫أٔا‬ lunch-box ‫ػٍثح اٌغزاء‬
child-wanted ِٓ ‫ب‬ٛ‫ِؽث‬ though-provoking ‫ش ٌٍفىش‬١‫ِص‬ ice-cold ‫ِصٍط‬
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Miss. Manar Saad 103
 : hyphen ) - ( ‫اصٍخ‬ٌٛ‫ِالؽظبد ٘بِخ ِزؼٍمخ ثبٌؾشغخ ا‬
1-
- Mohamed Salah is well known. ً‫ٓ أعضاء اٌصفخ اٌّشوجخ لج‬١‫رغزخذَ اٌؾشغخ ٌٍفصً ث‬
- Mohamed Salah is a well-known footballer. ‫ف‬ٛ‫ص‬ِٛ ُ‫أد اع‬٠ ٌُ ‫ف فمػ أِب ئرا‬ٛ‫ص‬ٌّٛ‫االعُ ا‬
- To avoid gaining weight, I prefer fat-free food. ‫ثؼذ٘ب فال ٔغزخذَ اٌؾشغخ‬
- To avoid gaining weight, I prefer food which is fat free.

2-
- Mohamed Salah is a very-clever player. (×) ٟ‫اٌصفخ اٌز‬ٚ ) very ( ‫ٓ اٌظشف‬١‫ال رغزخذَ اٌؾشغخ ث‬
- Mohamed Salah is a very clever player. (√) ‫ف‬ٛ‫ص‬ِٛ ُ‫ئْ عبء ثؼذ٘ب اع‬ٚ ٝ‫ٗ ؽز‬١ٍ‫ر‬

3-
- Mona is a ten year old girl. (×)
- Mona is a ten-year-old girl. (√) ِٓ ْٛ‫ رزى‬ٟ‫ٓ أعضاء اٌصفخ اٌّشوجخ اٌز‬١‫رغزخذَ اٌؾشغخ ث‬
- Mona is ten-year-old. (×) ‫ف‬ٛ‫ص‬ٌّٛ‫ٓ ػٕذِب رغجك االعُ ا‬١‫أوضش ِٓ وٍّز‬
- Mona is ten years old. (√)

4-
- This program is up to date. (×) ٝ‫ٓ أعضاء ثؼط اٌصفبد اٌّشوجخ ؽز‬١‫رغزخذَ اٌؾشغخ ث‬
- This program is up-to-date. (√) ‫ف‬ٛ‫ص‬ٌّٛ‫أد ثؼذ٘ب ا‬٠ ٌُ ْ‫ئ‬ٚ

5-
- I had a is a four-days holiday. (×)
‫ُغّغ االعُ ثؼذ اٌشلُ ئرا وبٔب عضء ِٓ صفخ ِشوجخ‬٠ ‫ال‬
- I had a is a four-day holiday. (√)

6-
Adj Adj 2 Adj 3
good-looking better-looking (or) more good-looking best-looking (or) most good-looking
well-known better-known (or) more well-known best-known (or) most well-known

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Rome was not built in a day

َ‫ب‬٠‫ عزخ أ‬ٟ‫خٍك اٌؼبٌُ ف‬

Miss. Manar Saad 104

 ♣ General Exercises ♣
Choose the correct answer :
1- Which of the following is NOT a compound adjective ?
a. old-fashioned b. multinational c. deep-seated d. clear-cut
2- Dr Zewail is a world ....................... scientist.
a. fame b. -fame c. famous d. -famous
3- Khaled is my ....................... son.
a. five-year-old b. five year old c. five-years-old d. five years old
4- Khaled, my son, is ........................
a. five-year-old b. five year old c. five-years-old d. five years old
5- I had a five- ....................... holiday to refresh myself.
a. day b. day's c. days d. days'
6- I had a holiday for five ....................... .
a. day b. day's c. days d. days'
7- When someone has a strong will, we say they're ....................... .
a. strong-willed b. strong willed c. strong-will d. strong will
8- When someone has a strong will, we say he or she is a ....................... person.
a. strong-willed b. strong willed c. strong-will d. strong will
9- Mr Ashraf is ....................... .
a. good-looked b. good-looking c. good looking d. well-looked
10- Mr Ashraf is a ....................... man.
a. good-looked b. good-looking c. good looking d. well-looked
11- Mr Ashraf is ....................... respected.
a. highly b. highly- c. high d. highing
12- Mr Ashraf is a ....................... respected man.
a. highly b. highly- c. high d. highing
13- I trust this....................... looking young man.
a. friendly b. friendly- c. friending- d. friended-
14- I trust this young man as he is ....................... looking.
a. friendly b. friendly- c. friending- d. friended-
15- My school tablet is ....................... .
a. up to date b. up-to date. c. up-to-date d. a & c
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Miss. Manar Saad 105

 ♣ Phrasal Verbs ♣
‫ ِخزٍف‬ٕٝ‫ذاً ثّؼ‬٠‫ّ ْ فؼالً عذ‬ٛ‫ٓ ٌزى‬١ٕ‫ اص‬ٚ‫ ظشف أ‬ٚ‫ٓ أ‬١ٕ‫ اص‬ٚ‫اؽذ أ‬ٚ ‫ؽشف عش‬ٚ ً‫ْ ِٓ فؼ‬ٛ‫ػخ ِٓ اٌىٍّبد رزى‬ّٛ‫ ِغ‬ٛ٘ ٟ‫اٌفؼً االصطالؽ‬

find out / find out about / pick up / look forward to

: َ‫ صالصخ ألغب‬ٌٟ‫ٕمغُ ئ‬٠ ٟ‫اٌفؼً االصطالؽ‬ٚ

: ً‫ ِض‬, ‫ أوضش‬ٚ‫الً أ‬ٛ‫أخز ِفؼ‬٠ ٞ‫ اٌز‬ٛ٘ٚ : a transitive phrasal verb ٞ‫ اٌّزؼذ‬ٟ‫ اٌفؼً االصطالؽ‬-1

- A famous surgeon carried out the operation . = A famous surgeon carried the operation out .

: ً‫ ِض‬, ‫ي‬ٛ‫ ال رأخز ِفؼ‬:an intransitive phrasal verb َ‫ اٌالص‬ٟ‫ اٌفؼً االصطالؽ‬-2

- We hope prices will fall off .

: ً‫ ِض‬:‫ آخش‬ٕٝ‫خ ثّؼ‬٠‫ِزؼذ‬ٚ ٕٝ‫ْ الصِخ ثّؼ‬ٛ‫خ رى‬١‫ أفؼبي اصطالؽ‬-3

- The plane took off at 5 a.m. ) َ‫ فؼً الص‬- ‫ ( ألٍؼد اٌطائشج‬- I took off my coat . ) ٞ‫ فؼً ِرؼذ‬- ٟ‫( خٍؼد ِؼطف‬

: ٟ‫ي اٌفؼً االصطالؽ‬ٛ‫ظغ ِفؼ‬ُٛ٠ ٓ٠‫أ‬

Separable ً‫أفؼاي لاتٍح ٌٍفص‬ Inseparable ً‫ش لاتٍح ٌٍفص‬١‫أفؼاي غ‬

- Can you turn the sound up ? - Let's look into other ways of having a virtual meeting.

- Can you turn up the sound ? - I need to catch up with my homework this evening.

ً‫شح ِضي‬١‫ف اٌمصي‬ٚ‫اٌظيش‬ٚ ‫ف اٌغيش‬ٚ‫ؾيذس رٌيه ِيغ ؽيش‬٠ ً ‫غبٌجيب‬ٚ ‫ اٌظيشف‬ٚ‫ؽيشف اٌغيش أ‬ٚ ً‫ش ثؼذ اٌفؼ‬١ّ‫ظغ اٌع‬ٛ٠ ‫ ثؼط اٌؾبالد‬ٟ‫ ٌىٓ ف‬-

( up / down / in / out / on / off )

- The fan is off . I asked Mona to switch on it. (×) - The fan is off . I asked Mona to switch it on . (√)

- The jacket is making me hot. I will take off it. (×) - The jacket is making me hot. I will take it off . (√)

* Pay attention :

- I can still pick up my little sister. ) ‫شفغ‬٠ ٚ‫ء ٌألِاَ أ‬ٟ‫ ش‬ٚ‫( ذُؽشن شخص أ‬

- We are going to pick my aunt up from the airport tomorrow. ) ‫ ِىاْ آخش‬ٌٝ‫ذأخزٖ إ‬ٚ ‫( ذماتً شخص‬

ٍٗ‫ش ِؼٕبٖ ػٕذ فص‬١‫ رغ‬pick up ً‫ٔالؽع أْ اٌفؼ‬

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Miss. Manar Saad 106

 ‫خ‬٠‫خ اٌّزؼذ‬١‫أُ٘ األفؼبي االصطالؽ‬
Phrasal Verb Meaning Phrasal Verb Meaning
back up ‫ح‬١‫اغ‬١‫ؽرفع تٕغخح اؼر‬٠ / ُ‫ذػ‬٠ blow up ‫ُٕفخ‬٠ / ‫سج‬ٛ‫ُىثش اٌص‬٠
break down = pull down َ‫ذ‬ٙ٠ / ُ‫ُؽط‬٠ break into + ْ‫ِىا‬ ُ‫مرؽ‬٠
breathe in ‫غرٕشك‬٠ breath out ‫ضفش‬٠
bring back ‫ذ‬١‫ُؼ‬٠ bring up ٟ‫ُشت‬٠
call up ‫رصً تـ‬٠ calm down ّٞ‫ذ‬ُٙ٠
catch up with + ‫ء‬ٟ‫ش‬ ‫ٍؽك تـ‬٠ clean up ‫ُشذة‬٠
fill in ) ‫ُىًّ ) اعرّاسج ِصال‬٠ fill up ) ‫اسج ِصال‬١‫ٓ اٌغ‬٠‫ّأل ( تٕض‬٠
find out ‫ىرشف‬٠ find out about ٓ‫ؼشف ػ‬٠
give back ‫ذ‬١‫ُؼ‬٠ give off ِٕٗ ‫ ذٕثؼس‬/ ‫ُخشض‬٠
give up ٓ‫ُمٍغ ػ‬٠ / ٓ‫لف ػ‬ٛ‫ر‬٠ hold on to ‫رّغه تـ‬٠
hand in ٌٝ‫ء إ‬ٟ‫ُغٍُ ش‬٠ hand on ‫ي‬ٚ‫ُٕا‬٠
hang up ‫ُؼٍك ِىاٌّح‬٠ hold back ‫ُؤخش‬٠ / ‫ك‬١‫ُؼ‬٠
knock out ‫ح‬١‫عشب ظشتح لاظ‬٠ / ٟ‫ػ‬ٌٛ‫ُفمذ ا‬٠ lay off ‫طشد‬٠ / ً‫فص‬٠
leave ...on/off ‫ ِغٍك‬/ ‫غ‬ٛ‫اص ِفر‬ٙ‫رشن ظ‬٠ miss out on ‫غ‬١‫ُع‬٠ / ‫خ‬ٛ‫ف‬٠
leave out ‫غرثؼذ‬٠ / ‫ؽزف‬٠ let down ‫خزي‬٠ / ‫ُؽثػ‬٠
look into ِٓ ‫رؽمك‬٠ / ٟ‫ُؽمك ف‬٠ look up ‫ِح‬ٍٛ‫ثؽس ػٓ ِؼ‬٠
make up ‫ٍُفك‬٠ / ‫خرشع‬٠ pick up ‫ي‬ٚ‫رٕا‬٠ / ‫ُؽعش شخص‬٠
plug in ‫اص‬ٙ‫ تع‬ٚ‫شتاء أ‬ٙ‫صً تاٌى‬ٛ٠ point out ٌٝ‫ش إ‬١‫ش‬٠ / ‫ٍفد االٔرثاٖ ٌـ‬٠
sort out ‫ششغ‬٠ / ‫ُفشص‬٠ / ‫ؽً ِشىٍح‬٠ put away ٗٔ‫ ِىا‬ٟ‫ء ف‬ٟ‫عغ ش‬٠
put back ٗٔ‫ ِىا‬ٌٝ‫ء إ‬ٟ‫ذ ش‬١‫ُؼ‬٠ put off = call off ‫ُؽثػ‬٠ / ً‫ُؤظ‬٠
rub out ‫ّغػ‬٠ run out of ‫ٍه‬ٙ‫غر‬٠ / ‫غرٕفز‬٠
sum up ‫ٍُخص‬٠ give out ‫صع‬ٛ٠
take in ُٙ‫ف‬٠ / ‫غرٕشك‬٠ / ‫ّرص‬٠ switch/turn off ً‫فص‬٠ / ‫ء‬ٟ‫ُطف‬٠ / ‫لف‬ُٛ٠
take off ‫ٕضع‬٠ / ‫خٍغ ِالتظ‬٠ take out ‫ؼضَ شخص تاٌخاسض‬٠ / ‫ُخشض‬٠
take over / on ‫ح‬١ٌٚ‫ اٌّغؤ‬ٌٝٛ‫ر‬٠ pay back ٓ٠‫ُغذد د‬٠
end up as/in ٟ‫ف‬/ٌٝ‫ تٗ اٌؽاي إ‬ٟٙ‫ٕر‬٠ take after ٗ‫ُشث‬٠
try on ‫ُعشب ِالتظ‬٠ try out َ‫ُعشب اعرخذا‬٠
work on ‫س‬ٛ‫رط‬٠ / ‫ُمٕغ‬٠ turn up ‫خ‬ٛ‫شفغ اٌص‬٠
use up ‫ء‬ٟ‫ٍه وً ش‬ٙ‫غر‬٠ / ‫غرٕفز‬٠ turn down ‫شفط‬٠ / ‫خ‬ٛ‫خفط اٌص‬٠
call back ‫ذ االذصاي‬١‫ُؼ‬٠ wear out َ‫اٌه ِٓ وصشج االعرخذا‬ٙ‫ر‬٠ / ٍٟ‫ث‬٠
work out ‫س‬ِٛ‫ ذٕفشض األ‬/ ً‫ؽ‬٠ / ‫ؽغة‬٠ write down ً ‫ا‬١‫ُغعً ورات‬٠ / ‫ْ ِالؼظح‬ٚ‫ذ‬٠
talk into ‫مٕغ‬٠ put out ‫ء إٌاس‬ٟ‫طف‬٠
‫خ اٌالصِخ‬١‫أُ٘ األفؼبي االصطالؽ‬
Phrasal Verb Meaning Phrasal Verb Meaning
break in ٛ‫غط‬٠ / ُ‫مرؽ‬٠ break down ً‫رؼط‬٠
calm down ‫ذأ‬ٙ٠ catch up ‫ُذسن‬٠ / ‫ٍؽك‬٠
fall off ‫ٕخفط‬٠ get away ‫شب‬ٙ٠
give in ‫شظخ‬٠ / ٍُ‫غرغ‬٠ go on ٟ‫غرّش ف‬٠
give up ‫ء‬ٟ‫اَ تش‬١‫ٌح اٌم‬ٚ‫لف ػٓ ِؽا‬ٛ‫ر‬٠ grow up ‫ٕعط‬٠ / ‫ىثش‬٠
log on ٍٝ‫ي ػ‬ٛ‫ُغعً دخ‬٠ log off ِٓ ‫ض‬ٚ‫غعً خش‬٠
look forward to ٌٝ‫رطٍغ إ‬٠ move in ّ ٠
‫ُؼضي‬
move out ‫ُغادس‬٠ / ً‫ٕرم‬٠ run out ٟٙ‫ٕر‬٠ / ‫ٕفز‬٠
set off ‫ٕطٍك‬٠ / ‫ثذأ سؼٍح‬٠ settle down ٓ‫غ‬ٛ‫غر‬٠ / ‫غرمش‬٠
settle in ٍٝ‫ؼراد ػ‬٠ show up ً‫ص‬٠
stay up ‫ش‬ٙ‫غ‬٠ step down ٝ‫رٕؽ‬٠ / ً١‫غرم‬٠
take off ‫ذمٍغ اٌطائشج‬ turn up ‫ش‬ٙ‫ظ‬٠ / ً‫ص‬٠
watch out ٗ‫ٕرث‬٠ wear off ٝ‫رالش‬٠
cheer up ‫فشغ‬٠ / ‫ط‬ٙ‫ثر‬٠ come apart ً‫ٕفص‬٠ / ً‫فص‬٠

Miss. Manar Saad 107

 ♣ General Exercises ♣
Choose the correct answer :
1- I asked my sister to look ....................... the baby for me.
a. up b. after c. for d. like
2- To stay ....................... means not to go to bed at the normal time.
a. up b. in c. at d. down
3- Please, turn ....................... the TV while I am on the phone.
a. on b. of c. up d. down
4- I found some money in the street and I'm going to ....................... to the police .
a. hand it in b. hand in it c. turn it on d. turn on it
5- I had to ....................... the power cable to recharge the battery.
a. pay back b. plug in c. give in d. ask for
6- Would you pay your friend ....................... the money you owe to him, please ?
a. up b. back c. again d. down
7- Everything finally ....................... and I was over the moon.
a. took off b. turned up c. went on d. worked out
8- I was shocked because I didn't expect him to turn ....................... my request.
a. up b. in c. into d. down
9- " Look forward to " is called a/an .......................
a. phrasal verb b. verbal collocation c. adverbial clause d. modal verb
10- The phrasal verb " grow up " meaning " to become an adult " is a/an ................... phrasal verb.
a. modal b. passive c. transitive d. intransitive
11- Where is the object of an intransitive phrasal verb located ?
a. After the preposition b. It doesn't take an object c. before the preposition d. a & b
12- When you want to stop a call for a short time and resume it shortly after, you .......................
a. hang up b. switch off c. turn off d. put away
13- We use ....................... verbs or pronouns after a verb to form a phrasal verb.
a. one b. two c. no d. any
14- A phrasal verb consists of .......................
a. two verbs and a preposition b. a verb followed by one or two prepositions
c. a transitive verb, an object and a preposition d. none of the above
15- Which of the following does not have a phrasal verb ?
a. The charger is plugged in . b. Omar looked at his sister .
c. My mobile is switched off . d. I knew that my PC had been left on .
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Miss. Manar Saad 108

  ‫روابط النتيجظ‬
so + adj / adv / many / much / few / little + that + S V O ‫جداًمظدرجةمأن‬
 The film was so exciting that I watched it twice.

 Ahmed talks so quickly that I can't understand him.

 She made so many mistakes that she failed the exam.

 She has so much money that she can buy whatever she wants.

such + ( a/an + adj + n ) + that + S V O ‫جداًمظدرجةمأنم‬

 It was such an exciting film that I watched it twice.

 It was such cheerful news that everyone felt happy.

 She is such a charming woman that everybody stares at her.

adj / adv + enough to + V1 ‫بدرجةمطاصقةمممم‬

 I wrote quickly enough to finish in time.

 He is clever enough to answer all the questions.

enough + ‫ ادممسددمأومطؿقة‬to + V1 ‫بدرجةمطاصقةم‬

 Omar has enough money to buy a new I Phone.

 There are enough chairs for everyone to sit down.

too + adj / adv + to + V1 ‫جداًمظدرجةمأنمال‬

 The tea is too hot to drink.

 I'm too hungry to concentrate.

* Some important notes :

‫خ‬١ّ‫ لجً اعُ اٌى‬too much ٚ ‫ لجً اعُ اٌؼذد‬too many َ‫* ٔغزخذ‬
 He ate too much food. // He ate too many sandwiches. // Salma loves her dad too much.

َ‫ب‬ٙ‫غخ اإلعزف‬١‫ ثؼذ٘ب ص‬ٟ‫أر‬٠ such / so ‫* إرا ثذأد اٌجٍّخ ثـ‬

 So loud was the noise that I couldn't hear him.
 Such a busy man is he that he can't meet his friends.
) ‫ ( ِضً ٘زا‬ٟٕ‫رؼ‬ٚ ‫ػخ ثبالعُ فمػ‬ٛ‫ ِزج‬such َ‫ّىٓ اعزخذا‬٠ *
 She has never made such mistakes before.
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Miss. Manar Saad 109
 ♣ Extra Points
‫ اٌٍغخ‬ٟ‫شاً ف‬١‫ظ شبئؼب وض‬١ٌ ‫ٌىٓ ٘زا‬ٚ ‫خ‬١‫ر‬٢‫جبد ا‬١‫ُّىٓ اعزخذاَ اٌزشو‬٠ -1

so + adj + a/an + N + that …… //// too + adj + a/an + N + that ……

- I hope you haven’t had too tiring a day .

- It was so nice a day that we went to the beach .

‫ جّغ‬ٚ‫ا ًء ِفشد أ‬ٛ‫ اعُ فمػ ع‬such ‫ ثؼذ‬ٟ‫أر‬٠ ْ‫ُّىٓ أ‬٠ -2

such + N + that ……

such + a lot of + ‫ اعُ جّغ‬+ that ……

- He has such a lot of money that he doesn’t know what to do with it .

his / its / it / us / that / these / those ً‫ ظّبئش ِض‬enough of ‫ ثؼذ‬ٟ‫أر‬٠ -3

- I have enough of this material at home .

‫ش‬١ّ‫عب ً وع‬٠‫ أ‬enough َ‫ رُغزخذ‬-4

- Do you want more juice ? – Thanks , I drank enough .

so ‫ظ‬١ٌٚ so much َ‫ لجً صفبد اٌّمبسٔخ ٔغزخذ‬-5

- Nader is so much stronger than me that I don’t like face him .

‫ظ اٌصفخ‬١ٌٚ ُ‫ لجً االع‬too much َ‫ رُغزخذ‬-6

- The tea is too hot . ( Not: too much hot )

- Sameh puts too much sugar in his tea .

‫ لجً اٌصفخ‬much too َ‫ رُغزخذ‬-7
- Don’t eat food which is much too salty.
******************************************************************************************************

♣ Advanced exercises for toppers ♣

1- Don’t eat ( too – too much – such – so ) salty food. Never too old to learn ‫ارؾؾواماظعؾممعنماملفدمإديماظؾقد‬
2- Don’t drink ( too – too much – such – so ) soft drinks.

3- I can't drink ( to – too much – much too – so ) sweet juice.

4- I can't drink juice which is ( to – too much – much too – such ) sweet.

5- He had ( such – such a – such as – so ) little money that he couldn’t buy a meal.

6- He lives ( so – such – too – enough ) near to his school that he doesn’t need to take the bus.
*************************************************************************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 110

Choose the correct answer :
1- The sea is ( to – so – too – such ) cold to swim in.

2- This soup is ( so – enough – very – too ) hot to eat.

3- The hat wasn't big ( that – enough – very – too ) to wear.

4- The test was ( so – too – enough – such ) difficult to finish.

5- The boys ran ( too – so – such – two ) slowly to win the race.

6- I'm ( very – enough – so – too ) busy to go to work every day.

7- It's ( such – very – so – too ) an amazing play that you can't miss it.

8- It was ( such – too – so – enough ) a useful book that I read it twice.

9- It was not dark ( such – that – so – enough ) to see any stars in the sky.

10- Hana didn't feel well ( very – enough – such – that ) to come to school.

11- That cake was ( such – so – too – enough ) nice that I'll have another one.

12- They walked ( such – so – enough – too ) slowly that they missed the train.

13- Rehab is careful ( enough – too – so – such ) to make very few mistakes .

14- Ola is ( such – too – so – very ) intelligent that she passed the exam easily .

15- Khaled is ( so – too – very – such ) a friendly person that everyone likes him.

16- Sameh is clever ( enough – that – such – so ) to answer the difficult questions.

17- Omar is tall and fast ( so – such – too – enough ) to be very good at basketball.

18- The exercise was ( very – so – too – such ) easy that I finished it in two minutes.

19- The food in that restaurant is ( too – very – so – such ) good that we go every week.

20- It was ( such – so – very – too ) a long game that we didn't finish it until ten o'clock.

21- Hamdi is ( so – too – very – such ) a strong man that he is very good at weight-lifting.

22- I worked ( so – too – such – enough ) long hours that I didn't have any time to myself .

23- Sometimes I worked ( too – so – such – very ) hard that I had to work until late at night.

24- There are times when you can't work hard ( enough – so – that – such ) to live comfortably.

25- The question is ( difficult enough – so difficult – too difficult – such difficult ) for the boy to answer.

26- Other freelance workers find doing their accounts is (enough – such – too ) difficult to do on their own .

Miss. Manar Saad 111

27- It's ( too – so – such – very ) hot to play games in the park.

28- The wall was too high ( that – to – at – for ) anyone to climb.

29- It isn't cold ( enough – that – such – so ) to snow in Egypt.

30- The story was ( two – enough – so – too ) difficult to believe.

31- The sea was warm ( enough – that – such – so ) to go swimming.

32- ( Very – Enough – So – Such ) tight is the jacket that I can't wear it.

33- Today is much ( too – so – very – such ) hot to play tennis outside.

34- It is ( too – so – very – such ) hot outside that I can't walk in the street.

35- It is ( such – so – such an – very ) interesting book that I read it twice.

36- The stadium is big ( that – enough – such – so ) to hold 50.000 spectators.

37- It is ( so – such – enough – such a ) big car that all the family can travel in it.

38- This bag is very heavy . I'm not strong ( such – enough – so – too ) to lift it.

39- This is ( so – such – too – enough ) an old tree that it is amazing it is still alive.

40- This book is ( such – too – a very – so ) famous that nearly everyone has read it.

41- That new mobile phone is ( so – such – too – enough ) expensive for me to buy.

42- That ladder is ( very – so – such – too ) long to be put on the back of your car.

43- The film was ( very – so – such – enough ) funny that I couldn't stop laughing.

44- Elephants are ( such – too – so – enough ) powerful that they can push over trees.

45- This book was ( enough – such – so – too ) interesting that I wanted to read it again.

46- There were ( such – so – enough – very ) many people in the room that I couldn't breathe.

47- My sister is ( so old – too old – not old enough – such old ) to go to school . She is only two.

48- I wanted to buy a new phone but it was too expensive for me ( too buy – bought – to buy – buy ).

49- The sign by the lake says that the water is ( too dirty – dirty enough – so dirty – such dirty ) to drink.

50- Nobody has been to the top of this mountain because it is ( too dangerous – so dangerous – dangerous enough ) to climb.

*************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 112

  The Distributives ‫تطبيرات التجزئظ‬
) ٓ١‫ئ‬١‫ ش‬ٚ‫ٓ أ‬١‫ وً ِٓ ( ػبدح لجً شخص‬both
both + ‫ؼذ‬٠ ‫اعُ جّغ‬ + ‫فؼً جّغ‬
both + ‫ اعُ ِفشد‬+ ‫اعُ ِفشد‬ + ‫فؼً جّغ‬
both of + ‫ي‬ٛ‫ش ِفؼ‬١ّ‫( ظ‬or) the + ‫اعُ جّغ‬ + ‫فؼً جّغ‬
 Both restaurants are very good. // Both the apple and the orange are delicious.
 Both the news and the information are important. // Both of the boys are clever.
 Both of you are clever. = You both are clever.
 Both of us love Egypt. = We both love Egypt.
 I respect both of them. = I respect them both. ) ‫ش‬١ّ‫( ِّىٓ رُغزخذَ وع‬

‫ ٔصف‬half
half + ‫ؼذ‬٠ ‫اعُ جّغ‬ + ‫فؼً جّغ‬
+ ‫ؼذ‬٠ ‫اعُ ِفشد‬ + ‫فؼً ِفشد‬
+ ‫ؼذ‬٠ ‫خ ال‬١ّ‫اعُ و‬ + ‫فؼً ِفشد‬
half of + ‫ي‬ٛ‫ش ِفؼ‬١ّ‫( ظ‬or) ‫ ِفشد‬ٚ‫اعُ جّغ أ‬

 Half of us are going.

‫خ‬١ّ‫شاد اٌى‬١‫ ِغ رؼج‬half ‫ ثؼذ‬Of َ‫ ال رغزخذ‬
 Half the students are absent. a metre – a kilometer – a mile – a centimeter
– an hour – a jar – a loaf – a slice – a bit …
 Half of my friends live abroad.
 My house is half a kilometre from here.
 Half of an apple isn't very much lunch.
 Half the sugar is used in making this cake.

ً‫ و‬all
all + ‫ؼذ‬٠ ‫اعُ جّغ‬ + ‫فؼً جّغ‬ Hint
all day
+ ‫ؼذ‬٠ ‫خ ال‬١ّ‫اعُ و‬ + ‫فؼً ِفشد‬ all my life
+ ‫ػخ‬ّٛ‫ ِج‬ٌٝ‫ش إ‬١‫ش‬٠ٚ ‫ؼذ‬٠ ‫اعُ ِفشد‬ + ‫فؼً ِفشد‬ not at all

all of + ‫ي‬ٛ‫ش ِفؼ‬١ّ‫( ظ‬or) ‫ ِفشد‬ٚ‫اعُ جّغ أ‬

 All cars have wheels. // All the information is true.
 All of the students are brilliant. // All the country is ready to face terrorism.
 All of you are clever . = You all are clever.
 I respect all of them . = I respect them all. ) ‫ش‬١ّ‫( ِّىٓ رُغزخذَ وع‬

Miss. Manar Saad 113

 ) ‫ أوضش‬ٚ‫ٓ أ‬١ٕ‫ اص‬ٌٝ‫ش إ‬١‫ دذٖ ( رش‬ٍٝ‫ وً ػ‬each
each + ‫اعُ ِفشد‬ + ‫فؼً ِفشد‬
each of + ‫ي‬ٛ‫ش ِفؼ‬١ّ‫( ظ‬or) the + ‫اعُ جّغ‬ + ‫فؼً ِفشد‬
 Each boy wears a hat. Hint
 Each of the boys wears a hat. each other
 Each of my parents was at the party.
 Each member of the team plays really well.
 Each of my family speaks some English but mother is the best.
 I gave them ten pounds each. ) ‫ش‬١ّ‫( رغزخذَ وع‬

) ‫ أوضش‬ٚ‫ صالصخ أ‬ٌٝ‫ش إ‬١‫ وً ( رش‬every

every + ‫ اعُ ِفشد‬+ ‫فؼً ِفشد‬ Hint
every day
 Every child needs love. every one of
every two hours
 Every car causes some pollution. ‫ش‬١ّ‫ال رغزخذَ وع‬

) ٓ١ٕ‫ٓ اص‬١‫بس ث‬١‫ ران ( ٌالخز‬ٚ‫ إِب ٘زا أ‬either ….. or

either + ‫اعُ ِفشد‬ + ‫فؼً ِفشد‬
either of + ‫ي‬ٛ‫ش ِفؼ‬١ّ‫( ظ‬or) the + ‫اعُ جّغ‬ + ‫فؼً ِفشد‬
 Either opinion is possible.
 Either of them has to attend the meeting.
 You can have either an apple or an orange.
 Either of the applications is good for the job.

) ‫ اٌجٍّخ اٌّضجزخ فمػ‬ٟ‫ ف‬ٟ‫ال ران ( رأر‬ٚ ‫ ال ٘زا‬neither …. nor

neither + ‫اعُ ِفشد‬ + ‫فؼً ِفشد‬
neither of + ‫ي‬ٛ‫ش ِفؼ‬١ّ‫( ظ‬or) the + ‫اعُ جّغ‬ + ‫فؼً ِفشد‬
 Neither answer is correct.
 Neither of the answers is correct.
 Neither of his brothers likes sport.
*************************************************************************************
Take care :
‫ ثؼذُ٘ اعُ ِفشد‬ٟ‫أر‬٠ ُٙ‫ؼ‬١ّ‫ ج‬-
‫ ثؼذُ٘ فؼً ِفشد‬ٟ‫أر‬٠ ُٙ‫ؼ‬١ّ‫ ج‬-
every ‫ ػذا‬of ُ٘‫ْ ثؼذ‬ٚ‫أخز‬٠ ُٙ‫ؼ‬١ّ‫ ج‬-
*************************************************************************************
Miss. Manar Saad 114
 ♣ Extra Points
ً‫ و‬ٟٕ‫رؼ‬ٚ ‫ؼذ‬٠ ‫ اعُ ِفشد‬the whole ‫ ثؼذ‬ٟ‫أر‬٠ -1

- We have paid the whole amount . = We have paid all the amount . the َ‫ اعزخذا‬ٟ‫اٌفشق ف‬ٚ ٕٝ‫ٔفظ اٌّع‬

- I was hungry so I ate the whole food . = I was hungry so I ate all the food .

ٓ١‫ئ‬١‫ ش‬ٚ‫ٓ أ‬١‫ أوضش ِٓ شخص‬ٌٝ‫ش إ‬١‫رش‬ٚ ‫ جّغ‬ٚ‫ب ِفشد أ‬ٍٙ‫فؼ‬ٚ ٟ‫ذ إٌف‬١‫ رف‬None -2

- None of my children has/have blonde hair .

: ) [Link] be ( ‫ثؼذ‬ٚ ‫ي‬ٛ‫اٌّفؼ‬ٚ ً‫ ثؼذ اٌفؼ‬ٚ‫ش لجً اٌفؼً أ‬١ّ‫ وع‬each َ‫ّىٓ اعزخذا‬٠ -3

- They each left early .

- I gave them ten pounds each .

- The tickets are each worth 20 pounds .

) ‫ّب اٌجؼط‬ٙ‫ ( ثؼع‬ٟٕ‫رؼ‬ٚ ٓ١‫ػز‬ّٛ‫ ِج‬ٚ‫ٓ أ‬١‫ٓ شخص‬١‫ ث‬each other َ‫ّىٓ اعزخذا‬٠ -4

- Husband and wife should respect each other .

all / every َ‫ٌىٓ اعزخذ‬ٚ nearly / almost / practically / without exception ‫ف‬ٚ‫ ثؼذ اٌظش‬each َ‫ ال رغزخذ‬-5

- Almost every student in class has to wear a face mask .

- She has invited every person she knows , without exception .

every one of ‫ي‬ٛ‫ّىٓ أْ ٔم‬٠ ٓ‫ٌى‬ٚ every of َ‫ ال ٔغزخذ‬-6

- Every one of the team has a task to do .

every + number + plural noun ‫ي‬ٛ‫ّىٓ أْ ٔم‬٠ ٓ‫ٌى‬ٚ ‫ اعُ ِفشد‬every ‫ ثؼذ‬ٟ‫أر‬٠ -7

- You need to take a break every two hours .

ٟ‫ٌىٓ لجً اٌفؼً األعبع‬ٚ ‫ ثؼذ اٌفؼً اٌّغبػذ‬both / all َ‫ ٔغزخذ‬-8

- They are both / all happy . // They both / all went to the meeting .

: ٟ‫ر‬٢‫ الدع ا‬-9

- Hold the box with both hands .

- He was holding an ice cream in each hand .

- Khaled and Omar each were given a prize . // We each are very busy .

‫ ػذد‬+ and a half + ‫ اعُ جّغ‬: ‫خ‬١ٌ‫غخ اٌزب‬١‫ الدع اٌص‬-10

- We lived in Cairo for one and a half years . ‫ٔصف‬ٚ ‫ اٌمب٘شح عٕخ‬ٟ‫عشٕب ف‬

Miss. Manar Saad 115

 : ) ‫أٔب وزٌه‬ٚ ( ٟٕ‫ رؼ‬ٟ‫اٌز‬ٚ ‫خ‬٠‫غخ ثؼٕب‬١‫ ادسط ٘زٖ اٌص‬-11

so + ‫ فؼً ِغبػذ‬+ ً‫فبػ‬

 Amr will buy a car and so will I .
 Amr plays tennis well and so do I .
 Amr plays tennis well and so does Mona .
neither + ‫ فؼً ِغبػذ ِضجذ‬+ ً‫فبػ‬
 Hany doesn’t like science fiction and neither do I .
 Maha won't pass the maths exam and neither will Hend .
: ‫خ‬١‫ر‬٢‫جبد ا‬١‫ اٌزشو‬ٟ‫ الدع شىً اٌفؼً ف‬-12

1- Mona as well as I ( am – is – are ) happy.

2- Neither Mona nor I ( am – is – are ) happy.

3- Not only Mona but also I ( am – is – are ) happy.

4- Neither Amr nor his friends ( speak – speaks ) English.

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♣ Advanced exercises for toppers ♣

1- The teacher gave us a pen ( one – every – each – all ).

2- Every one must revise for ( his – their – our – your ) exams.

3- Hasnaa likes ( each – every – neither of – neither ) the photos.

4- I've already given him ( every – each – some – half ) my money.

5- ( Every of – Each of – All of – Both of ) my parents has a good job.

6- He gave me ( all – every – an – many ) advice before I went for the climb.

7- ( Either – Every – All – The whole ) of you two can help me in this matter.

8- Each of these two women ( are needing – needs – need – have needed ) help.

9- Practically ( either – neither – each – every ) one needs a job to earn their living.

10- Neither Helmy nor his wife ( work – have worked – works – are working ) in the bank.

11- A father is a treasure, a brother is a comfort, but a friend is ( either – each – every – both ).

12- Rodayna doesn’t know how to prepare lunch alone ( I do either – Either do I – Neither I do – Nor do I ).

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Miss. Manar Saad 116

Choose the correct answer :
1- Neither answer ( are – has – does – is ) correct .

2- ( Each – All – Both – Some ) student wears a uniform .

3- ( All – Every – Many – Half ) student was given a book .

4- I like ( much of – any of – some – neither of ) the photos .

5- I don't like ( neither – every – a lot – either ) of the T-shirts .

6- He ate ( some – each – half of – such ) the cake this morning .

7- She spent nearly ( all – each – half – every ) her life at home .

8- ( All of – Some of – Many of – Each of ) the girls speaks well .

9- Every person ( have had – has have – has – have ) a role in society .

10- I don't like ( either of – neither of – every of – much of ) the photos .

11- Half (of) ( my friends – the friend – each friend – friends ) like tennis .

12- She spent about ( either – both – many – half ) of her time writing poems .

13- She is good at ( either – all – both – a very ) writing and playing the piano .

14- I like ( all – neither – a few – much ) of coffee nor tea. I don't like hot drinks.

15- I like ( each – such – enough – both ) fish and meat but I usually have chicken .

16- I need to be good at ( either – both – every – all ) speaking and writing English .

17- About ( every – either – half – much ) of students in my class are from my village.

18- ( All – Every – Much – Too ) school subject is different . I don't have a favourite.

19- She preferred to write long letters to ( all – each – much – some ) friend instead .

20- ( Each – All – Both – Some ) engineer in the factory was given a separate job to do .

21- ( The number – Every – All – Each ) the students in my class speak English very well .

22- All Mona's money is at home , so ( each – all – both – either ) her friends are helping her .

23- Two men wanted to marry her, but she accepted ( all – either – neither – both ) of their offers.

24- ( Each – Either – A little – Enough ) of my family speaks some English but mother is the best.

25- Poems have three or more verses and in ( every – all – many – either ) there are words that rhyme.

26- Sara and I can go on ( neither – either – each – all ) Friday or Saturday but neither of can go on Sunday.

Miss. Manar Saad 117

27- The place hasn't changed at ( all - every - each - either ) .(A1)

28- The dogs were ( half - every - each - none ) given a bone.(A1) Hint
Second to none
29- My little brother is ( each - half - all - every ) as tall as me.(A1) ‫ع‬١ّ‫ق اٌج‬ٛ‫ ف‬/ ‫ِّزبص‬
None but Sameh
30- ( Neither - None - Either - No ) but Peter knew about our plan.(A1) ‫ عبِح‬ٜٛ‫ال أحذ ع‬

31- This scientific research is second to ( none - no - all - neither ) .(A1)

32- I go to evening classes ( every - each - either - neither ) two days.(A1)

33- In a basket match ( either - neither - every - each ) team has 5 players.(A1)

34- She has four children, all ( is - was - are - have ) under the age of five.(A1)

35- The police spoke separately to ( every - each - all - both ) suspect ٗ‫ ِشزج‬.(A1)

36- He gave two answers, but ( any - both - none - neither ) of them was right.(A1)

37- ( All – Both – Either – Each ) the rice that you need is in the cupboard.

38- Our school is ( half of – half a – half of a – half ) kilometre from my house.

39- I like ( neither – all – both – either ) a holiday on a beach or in the countryside.

40- My sister bought two new skirts and ( both – all – half – every ) of them are long.

41- There was a fire in the toyshop and ( both – all – every – half ) toy was damaged.

42- The film was boring and ( any – every – half – any ) of the people left before the end.

43- Tarek loves tennis and watches ( all – every – a number of – the most ) match on television.

44- There were two photos of me on my phone but I liked ( all – every – some – neither ) of them.

45- We looked at two hotels on the internet and ( all – every – either – any ) of them would be great for a holiday.

46- ( Each – A little – Either – Number ) of the five tourists from the north of Europe had blond hair.

47- They may have ( all – whether – neither – either ) no words that rhyme or words that partly rhyme.

48- Nagwa is enjoying her new job because ( both – all – every – either ) day of the week is different.

49- Grandmother says that my brothers and I can ( each – every – both – either ) take a cake from the kitchen.

50- Mai has two brothers but they are not good at basketball because ( either is – each are – neither is –

neither are ) tall.

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Miss. Manar Saad 118

  Quantifiers ‫التطبيرات الكمّيظ والطدديظ‬

) ‫اٌغؤاي‬ٚ ‫ اإلصجبد‬ٟ‫ش ِٓ ( ف‬١‫ اٌىض‬a lot of / lots of

a lot of + ‫ؼذ‬٠ ‫اعُ جّغ‬ + ‫فؼً جّغ‬
+ ‫ؼذ‬٠ ‫خ ال‬١ّ‫اعُ و‬ + ‫فؼً ِفشد‬
 A lot of students are absent. // A lot of information is wrong. // Are there a lot of visitors today ?
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) ‫اٌغؤاي‬ٚ ٟ‫إٌف‬ٚ ‫ اإلصجبد‬ٟ‫ش ِٓ ( ف‬١‫ وض‬many
many + ‫ؼذ‬٠ ‫اعُ جّغ‬ + ‫فؼً جّغ‬
 Many students are absent. // I don't have many friends at my new school.
 How many books have you got ? // Are there many visitors today ?
: ‫ جّغ‬ٚ‫د ِفشد أ‬ٚ‫ اعُ ِؼذ‬ٍٝ‫د ػ‬ٛ‫ؼ‬٠ ‫ش‬١ّ‫ب وع‬ِٙ‫ّىٓ اعزخذا‬٠ *
 Don't buy more apples. Many are in the kitchen.
 I don't need a pen. I have many in my pencil case.
 I have a lot of friends on Facebook, but my brother doesn't have many.
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) ‫اٌغؤاي‬ٚ ٟ‫إٌف‬ٚ ‫ اإلصجبد‬ٟ‫ش ِٓ ( ف‬١‫ وض‬much
much + ‫ؼذ‬٠ ‫ اعُ ال‬+ ‫فؼً ِفشد‬
 Much water is necessary. // We didn't have much time before the exams.
 How much salt did you add to the soup ? // Do you have much money ?
: ‫د‬ٚ‫ش ِؼذ‬١‫ اعُ غ‬ٍٝ‫د ػ‬ٛ‫ؼ‬٠ ‫ش‬١ّ‫ب وع‬ِٙ‫ّىٓ اعزخذا‬٠ *
 Don't offer me more food. I have already eaten much.
: ‫خ‬١ٌ‫ اٌذبالد اٌزب‬ٟ‫ اٌجٍّخ اٌّضجزخ ف‬ٟ‫ ف‬many / much ِٓ ً‫* رُغزخذَ و‬
: so / very / as / too / a good / a great ‫ّب‬ِٕٙ ٞ‫لجً أ‬ٚ ‫ي ٌٍجٍّخ اٌّضجزخ‬ٛ‫ إرا جبءا ِفؼ‬-1
 I have so much homework to do. // There's too much water on the floor. // He has so many jobs to do.
: ‫ّب رصف فبػً اٌجٍّخ‬ِٕٙ ٞ‫ إرا وبٔذ أ‬-2
 Many applications have sent their CVs. // Much electricity is used to heat water.
: ً‫ش فبػ‬١ّ‫ّب ظ‬ِٕٙ ٞ‫ إرا وبٔذ أ‬-3
 Some members didn't support me, but many voted for me.
: ‫ ِمبسٔخ اٌصفبد‬ٟ‫ ف‬many / much *
many/much ------ more than ِٓ ‫ أوضش‬------ the most ‫األوضش‬
 I have got so many friends . Ayman has more friends than me, but Ashraf has the most friends.
 I have got so much money . Ayman has more money than me, but Ashraf has the most money.
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Miss. Manar Saad 119

 ‫خ‬١ّ‫ً ٌٍى‬١ٍ‫ ل‬a little / little
a little / little + ‫ؼذ‬٠ ‫خ ال‬١ّ‫اعُ و‬ + ‫فؼً ِفشد‬
 We have a little time before the match starts.
: ‫د‬ٚ‫ش ِؼذ‬١‫ اعُ غ‬ٍٝ‫د ػ‬ٛ‫ؼ‬٠ ‫ش‬١ّ‫ب وع‬ِٙ‫ّىٓ اعزخذا‬٠ *
 Would you like some orange juice ? - A little, please .
: ‫د‬ٚ‫ش ) لجً اعُ ِفشد ِؼذ‬١‫ ( صغ‬ٟٕ‫ وصفخ ثّؼ‬a little َ‫ّىٓ اعزخذا‬٠ *
 I have a little child called Omar .
: ‫ش ) لجً اعُ جّغ‬١‫ ( صغ‬ٟٕ‫ وصفخ ثّؼ‬little َ‫ّىٓ اعزخذا‬٠ *
 I let Omar play with other little boys .
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‫ً ٌٍؼذد‬١ٍ‫ ل‬a few / few
a few / few + ‫ؼذ‬٠ ‫اعُ جّغ‬ + ‫فؼً جّغ‬
 I have met a few friends today.
: ‫ اعُ جّغ‬ٍٝ‫د ػ‬ٛ‫ؼ‬٠ ‫ش‬١ّ‫ب وع‬ِٙ‫ّىٓ اعزخذا‬٠ *
 I invited all my friends to my birthday, but only a few attended it.

: a little / little / a few / few ‫ي‬ٛ‫ِالدظبد د‬

: ‫ٍخ‬١ٍ‫خ ل‬١ّ‫ اٌى‬ٚ‫ أْ اٌؼذد أ‬ٍٝ‫ذ ػ‬١‫ٌٍزأو‬ a few / a little ً‫ لج‬only َ‫ّىٓ اعزخذا‬٠ *
 I take only a little sugar in my tea. / Only a few of my cousins have tablets.
: ‫شح‬١‫غذ وج‬١ٌ ‫ٍخ ثذسجخ‬١ٍ‫خ ل‬١ّ‫ اٌى‬ٚ‫ أْ اٌؼذد أ‬ٍٝ‫ذ ػ‬١‫ٌٍزأو‬ a few / a little ً‫ لج‬quite َ‫ّىٓ اعزخذا‬٠ *
 I take quite a little sugar in my tea. / Quite a few of my cousins have tablets.
: ٟ‫مزشة ِٓ إٌف‬٠ ٕٝ‫ ِؼ‬ٟ‫رؼط‬ٚ ‫ إٌمص‬ٚ‫ إٌذسح أ‬ٍٝ‫ ٌٍذالٌخ ػ‬a ْٚ‫ ثذ‬few / little َ‫* رُغزخذ‬
 There is little time for discussion. / Little is known about corona virus.
 I have little money left. = I have hardly any money left . = I don't have much money left.
 I have received few calls today. = I have received hardly any calls. = I haven't received many calls.
: so / very / too ..... ‫ ِغ‬a ْٚ‫ ثذ‬few / little َ‫* رُغزخذ‬
 I have so little work to do. ( Not: so a little )
 She has put too little salt in the soup. ( Not : too a little )
: ‫ف اٌّمبسٔخ‬ٚ‫ظش‬ٚ ‫ِغ صفبد‬ٚ ‫خ‬١‫ف اٌغٍج‬ٚ‫اٌظش‬ٚ ‫ِغ اٌصفبد‬ٚ ‫ وظشف ِغ األفؼبي‬a little َ‫* رُغزخذ‬
 It rained a little. / I was a little annoyed. / She talks a little loudly. / She is a little taller than me.

: know / think / believe / hope / expect / suspect ً‫لجً ثؼط األفؼبي ِض‬ٚ better / more ً‫ وظشف لج‬little َ‫* رُغزخذ‬

 Your opinion is little better than mine. / I little expected to find a job. / The police little suspect him.

َ‫ً االعزخذا‬١ٍ‫ ل‬little-used / ‫س‬ٛٙ‫ش ِش‬١‫ غ‬little-known ٓ١‫ لجً اٌصفز‬little َ‫* رُغزخذ‬
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Miss. Manar Saad 120

 ) ‫اٌغؤاي اٌّؤدة‬ٚ ‫ اإلصجبد‬ٟ‫ ثؼط ( ف‬some
some + ‫ؼذ‬٠ ‫اعُ جّغ‬ + ‫فؼً جّغ‬
+ ‫ؼذ‬٠ ‫خ ال‬١ّ‫اعُ و‬ + ‫فؼً ِفشد‬
 I have some jobs / work to do.
 Would you like to have some orange juice ?
 Some students are absent. // Some money is enough for me.
: ‫د جّغ‬ٚ‫ اعُ ِؼذ‬ٚ‫د أ‬ٚ‫ش ِؼذ‬١‫ اعُ غ‬ٍٝ‫د ػ‬ٛ‫ؼ‬٠ ‫ش‬١ّ‫ب وع‬ِٙ‫ّىٓ اعزخذا‬٠ *
 I'm going to drink tea. Would you like some ?
: ‫ف ٌٍّزذذس‬ٚ‫ش ِؼش‬١‫ غ‬ٚ‫ش ِذذد أ‬١‫ء غ‬ٟ‫ ش‬ٚ‫ شخص أ‬ٌٝ‫ش إ‬١‫ ( ِب ) ٌزش‬ٕٝ‫د ثّؼ‬ٚ‫ب وصفخ لجً اعُ ِفشد ِؼذ‬ِٙ‫ّىٓ اعزخذا‬٠ *
 Some child broke the shop window and ran away.
 I went to the library to find some dictionary I can use.
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) ‫اٌغؤاي‬ٚ ٟ‫ إٌف‬ٟ‫ ( ف‬ٞ‫ أ‬any
any + ‫ؼذ‬٠ ‫اعُ جّغ‬ + ‫فؼً جّغ‬
+ ‫ؼذ‬٠ ‫خ ال‬١ّ‫اعُ و‬ + ‫فؼً ِفشد‬
 Any information is important.
 Do you have any friends / money ?
 I don't have any jobs / work to do.
: ‫د جّغ‬ٚ‫ اعُ ِؼذ‬ٚ‫د أ‬ٚ‫ش ِؼذ‬١‫ اعُ غ‬ٍٝ‫د ػ‬ٛ‫ؼ‬٠ ‫ش‬١ّ‫ب وع‬ِٙ‫ّىٓ اعزخذا‬٠ *
 I have a lot of friends, but my brother doesn't have any.
: ‫ف ٌٍّزذذس‬ٚ‫ش ِؼش‬١‫ غ‬ٚ‫ش ِذذد أ‬١‫ء غ‬ٟ‫ ش‬ٚ‫ شخص أ‬ٌٝ‫ش إ‬١‫ ) ٌزش‬ٞ‫ ( أ‬ٕٝ‫د ثّؼ‬ٚ‫ب وصفخ لجً اعُ ِفشد ِؼذ‬ِٙ‫ّىٓ اعزخذا‬٠ *
 Do you have any friend you can depend on ?
hardly / scarcely / barely ...... any = almost no : ً‫ت ِض‬١‫ؼذ ثؼط اٌزشاو‬٠ ‫ اعُ ال‬ٚ‫ لجً اعُ جّغ أ‬any َ‫* رُغزخذ‬
any ....... at all = almost no
without any ...... = with no ......
If ....... any
whether .. any
 If you need anything, call me.
 There is hardly any milk left. = There is almost no milk left.
 I don't have any money at all. = I almost have no money.
 I drink tea without any sugar. = I drink tea with no sugar.
 I want to know whether you have said anything about our plan to anybody.
: ‫ي‬ٛ‫ظّبئش اٌّفؼ‬ٚ ‫خ‬١‫صفبد اٌٍّى‬ٚ ‫صفبد اإلشبسح‬ٚ the ‫ف‬٠‫ لجً أداح اٌزؼش‬some/any + of َ‫ّىٓ اعزخذا‬٠ *
 Some of the students are absent. // Some of these dishes are healthy food. // Some of them are ready.
 I haven't found any of the keys.// Any of my cousins won't do that. // I haven't eaten any of this pasta.
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Miss. Manar Saad 121

 ) ‫ب‬ٙ١‫ اٌجٍّخ اٌّضجزخ ٌزٕف‬ٟ‫ ف‬ٟ‫ ال ( رأر‬no
no + ‫ؼذ‬٠ ‫اعُ جّغ‬
+ ‫ؼذ‬٠ ‫خ ال‬١ّ‫اعُ و‬
 I have no time for hobbies.
 She has no friends at her new school.
: ) a/an ( ْٚ‫د ثذ‬ٚ‫ب ِجبششح لجً اعُ ِفشد ِؼذ‬ِٙ‫ّىٓ اعزخذا‬٠ *
 I have no wife. // Hossam has no car. // I have no idea where Ahmed is.
: ْ‫* الدع أ‬
 I'm not a teacher. = I'm no teacher.
 He hasn't got any friends. = He has got no friends.
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) ‫ب‬ٙ١‫ اٌجٍّخ اٌّضجزخ ٌزٕف‬ٟ‫ ف‬ٟ‫ء ( رأر‬ٟ‫ ال ش‬/ ‫ ال أدذ‬none
‫د‬ٚ‫ش ِؼذ‬١‫ اعُ غ‬ٚ‫د أ‬ٚ‫ اعُ ِؼذ‬ٍٝ‫د ػ‬ٛ‫ رؼ‬ٟ٘ٚ no ِٓ ‫ش‬١ّ‫ اٌع‬ٟ٘ none ‫* وٍّخ‬
 I searched my pockets for money, but there was none.
 Sama has one sister, but Ali has none . // I waited for my friends, but none arrived.
: ٗ١ٌ‫ش إ‬١‫ش‬٠ ٞ‫ جّغ دغت االعُ اٌز‬ٚ‫ فبػً اٌجٍّخ ٔغزخذَ ثؼذٖ فؼً ِفشد أ‬none ‫ش‬١ّ‫ْ اٌع‬ٛ‫ى‬٠ ‫* ػٕذِب‬
 I looked for milk in the fridge . None was there.
 Don't depend on false friends. None help in need.
: ‫ي‬ٛ‫ظّبئش اٌّفؼ‬ٚ ‫خ‬١‫صفبد اٌٍّى‬ٚ ‫صفبد اإلشبسح‬ٚ the ‫ف‬٠‫ لجً أداح اٌزؼش‬none + of َ‫ّىٓ اعزخذا‬٠ *
 None of the students was absent. // None of these dishes is healthy food. // None of them is ready.
: ‫خ‬١‫ إرا وبٔذ اٌجٍّخ ِٕف‬none ‫ظ‬١ٌٚ any َ‫* رُغزخذ‬
 I didn't see any of them . ( Not: none of them )
: none of ‫ظ‬١ٌٚ neither of َ‫ٓ ٔغزخذ‬١‫ئ‬١‫ ش‬ٚ‫ٓ أ‬١‫ شخص‬ٌٝ‫* ػٕذ اإلشبسح إ‬
 Rehab and Malak were busy studying their lessons. Neither of them talked to the other.
: ‫ لجً االعُ ِجبششح‬none َ‫* ال رُغزخذ‬
 I saw none of the children in the park. ( Not: none children )
*************************************************************************************
) ‫ب‬ٙ١‫ اٌجٍّخ اٌّضجزخ ٌزٕف‬ٟ‫ ف‬ٟ‫ ال أدذ ( رأر‬No one
: ‫ي‬ٛ‫ ِفؼ‬ٚ‫ وفبػً أ‬no one ‫ش‬١ّ‫ُغزخذَ اٌع‬٠ *
 No one has called me today. // I found no one at home when I arrived.
: they/them/their ‫ش جّغ‬١ّ‫ٗ ظ‬١ٍ‫د ػ‬ٛ‫ؼ‬٠ ٓ‫ٌى‬ٚ no one ‫ُغزخذَ فؼً ِفشد ثؼذ‬٠ *
 No one is at home . Where have they gone ?
 No one has supported her . She won't trust them anymore.
 No one is to use their personal network. The school network is open.
*************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 122

Choose the correct answer :
1- I have trained ( few - a few - little - a little ) today.

2- Ahmed has a little ( friends - time - times - son ) of four.

3- I had ( a little - little - a few - lots ) drops of orange juice.

4- Ahmed has a little ( friends - time - times - son ) for reading.

5- There's ( a lot of - much - many - a few ) water on the floor.

6- Leen wanted to buy ( some - many - any - every ) notebooks.

7- Leen didn't want to buy ( some - much - any - no ) notebooks.

8- There's too ( a lot of - much - many - a few ) water on the floor.

9- We ( a little - little - a few - few ) expected her to win the gold.

10- How ( a few - a little - many - much ) bread have you bought ?

11- My father has a lot of ( friend - a friend - friendships - the friend ).

12- I was ( a few - few - a little - little ) annoyed by what she had said.

13- How ( a few - a little - many - much ) loaves of bread have you bought?

14- Well-known is antonymous with ( good - a little - little - few ) -known.

15- There's so ( a lot of - much - many - a few ) drops of water on the windscreen.

16- Mum has so ( little - few - a little - a lot of ) work to do before she goes to bed.

17- ( A lot - Many - Much - Lots ) work should be done before I can leave the office.

18- I have ( a little - little - a few - few ) money left . I can't buy the underground ticket.

19- I have ( a little - little - a few - few ) pounds left . I can't buy the underground ticket.

20- Leen wanted to buy notebooks because she didn't have ( some - much - any - no ).

21- Leen bought ( many - much - any - no ) notebooks because she had already had some.

22- Leen didn't want to buy notebooks because she had already had ( some - much - any - no ).

23- The Egyptians use a lot of water from the Nile . ( Many - Much - A few - A lot of ) is used in farming.

24- The Egyptians use a lot of water from the Nile . ( Many - Much - A few - A lot of ) it is used in farming.

25- Though some people have voted against the new law, many still ( support - supports - has supported ) it.

26- How ( many - much - few - a few ) people attended the rich man's funeral. I wonder where his friends were.

Miss. Manar Saad 123

27- I ate ( not - no - none - any ) rice.

28- I didn't eat ( not - no - none - any ) rice.

29- I have ( no - none - no one ) food ready for the baby.

30- I'll buy biscuits: would you like ( some - any - a few - a little )?

31- No one has come to check ( his - her - their - its ) homework yet.

32- Do you have ( many - much - few - little ) oranges? We need some.

33- I called three of my cousins, but ( no - none - anyone - not ) replied.

34- I have ( few - a few - little - a little ) juice; it is not enough for us all.

35- Sama offered me different cold drinks, but I liked ( any - no - not - none ).

36- ( No one - None - No - Neither ) in our family will support that evil person.

37- Sama offered me different cold drinks, but I didn't like ( any - no - not - none ).

38- Are those you close friends ? None ( has - have - is - are ) agreed to help you !

39- How ( many - little - few - much ) furniture will you buy to make you the bill ?

40- I don't have ( many - much - few - little ) orange juice, so I cannot give you any.

41- Hanaa has ( few - a few - little - a little ) loaves of bread, but she can give us some.

42- Hanaa has ( few - a few - little - a little ) loaves of bread, but she cannot give us any.

43- How ( few - much - many - little ) people are there in that room? It is very crowded.

44- No one in our family ( have supported - are supporting - support - supports ) the last decision.

45- 30 students are taking the exam now. I expect none of them ( is - are - was ) going to get the full mark.
*************************************************************************************

Forbidden fruit is sweet ‫ة‬ٛ‫ع ِشغ‬ِّٕٛ ً‫و‬

Miss. Manar Saad 124

 Modals of obligation and necessity
‫األفعال الهاقصة اليت تعرب عو اإللزام والضزورة‬

Future Present Past

will have to + V1 ٌٝ‫ف أظطش إ‬ٛ‫ع‬ must / have to / has to + V1 had to + V1 ٌٝ‫اظطش إ‬
have to / has to + V1
‫ننننبس‬١‫ه اخز‬٠‫ظ ٌننننذ‬١‫ٌنننن‬ٚ ْ٢‫ء ا‬ٟ‫ أْ رفؼننننً شنننن‬ٞ‫س‬ٚ‫* ِننننٓ اٌعننننش‬
. ‫خ‬١‫ف خبسج‬ٚ‫ ظش‬ٚ‫ائخ أ‬ٌٛ ٚ‫ْ أ‬ٛٔ‫ض ) ثغجت لب‬ٚ‫( أِش ِفش‬
- I have to wear the school uniform.
- You have to show your passports.
- We have to pass our exams to get into university.
must + V1
ٟ‫ش ػٓ إٌضاَ شخص‬١‫* ٌٍزؼج‬
- I had to leave work
- I must buy my mother a present.
- We will have to leave for early yesterday
- I must visit my grandparents more often.
Tanta early tomorrow. because I was ill.
‫ أِش‬ٚ‫خ أ‬٠ٛ‫ذخ ل‬١‫* إلػطبء ٔص‬
- You must clean your teeth before sleeping.
- You must stop eating sweets. They are bad for you.
َ‫ء ِب ٘ب‬ٟ‫ي أْ ش‬ٛ‫* ػٕذِب ٔم‬
- Sameh must be quick or he will be late.
‫اٌّشبػش اٌصبدلخ‬ٚ ‫اد اٌّؤوذح‬ٛ‫* ٌٍذػ‬
- You must visit me at the weekend.
‫اػذ اٌؼبِخ‬ٛ‫اٌم‬ٚ ٓ١ٔ‫ا‬ٛ‫ش ػٓ اٌم‬١‫* ٌٍزؼج‬
- Drivers must wear seatbelts.
Must + S + V1 ………………...?
Did + S + have to +
Will + S + have to + V1 ? Do + S + have to + V1 ……...?
V1 ?
Does + S + have to + V1 …...?
- Will you have to get up
- Must you help the poor ?
early tomorrow ? - Why did you have to
- Do they have to work hard ?
- What will you have to do for leave so early ?
- Does she have to do the housework ?
your sick uncle ?
don’t / doesn’t have to + v1 ‫ إٔذ دش‬/ ٟ‫ش داػ‬١‫ِف‬
won't have to + V1 didn’t have to + V1
= needn't + V1
- We didn’t have to
- We won't have to go to hurry as we were early.
school tomorrow ; it's a - We don’t have to hurry to school ; it's very early. needn't have + P.P
holiday. - You needn't go to school today. It is a holiday. - She needn't have
bought any rice because
we already have a lot .

Prohibition ‫املهع أو احلظز‬

:‫ظؾؿعؾريمسنمأغهمممـوعمأومشريمعلؿوحمبعؿلمذيءمألغهمخماظفمظؾؼاغونمأوماظؼواسدمادلعؿولمبفامأوماظـظاممأوماألخالقمغلؿكدمم‬ 
mustn't + V1 // can't + V1 // It's not allowed to + V1 // It's forbidden to V1
You mustn't park here. =You can't park here.= It's not allowed to park here. = It's forbidden to park here.
- I mustn't eat so much sugar. ٟ‫إٌضاَ شخص‬
- I mustn't forget to post the letter. ٟ‫إٌضاَ شخص‬
- Students mustn't be late for school. ‫ض‬ٚ‫أِش ِفش‬
- You mustn't be late or dad will be angry. ‫خ‬٠ٛ‫حخ ل‬١‫ٔص‬
- You mustn't touch the objects in the museum. ُ٠‫رحش‬

Miss. Manar Saad 125

 ☺Extra Points
‫سح‬ٚ‫ ظش‬ٕٝ‫ وئعُ ثّؼ‬a must ‫ ٔغزخذَ وٍّخ‬-1
- Hard work is a must for developing our country.
mustn't ً‫ش ػٓ ػذَ اٌغّبح ِض‬١‫ ٌٍزؼج‬can't َ‫ رُغزخذ‬-2
- People can't smoke in the building.
have to ً‫سح ِض‬ٚ‫ش ػٓ اٌعش‬١‫ ٌٍزؼج‬V. to be + to + V1 َ‫ رُغزخذ‬-3
- I'm to get to the airport before 9 am . ( My boss has told me to do that )
ًّ‫ أِبوٓ اٌؼ‬ٟ‫جذ ف‬ٛ‫ ر‬ٟ‫ثخ اٌز‬ٛ‫ّبد اٌّىز‬١ٍ‫وزٌه اٌزؼ‬ٚ ْٛٔ‫ وزت اٌمب‬ٟ‫ ف‬must َ‫ رُغزخذ‬-4
- Answers must be written in ink.
- Everyone must turn off mobile phones during duty hours.
ٌٍَٛ‫ا‬ٚ ‫ش ػٓ االٔزمبد‬١‫ اٌغؤاي ٌٍزؼج‬ٟ‫ ف‬must َ‫ رُغزخذ‬-5
- Must you make such noise ? the baby is sleeping.
to ‫ْ اعزخذاَ دشف اٌجش‬ٚ‫خ اٌغؤاي وفؼً ِغبػذ ثذ‬٠‫ ثذا‬ٟ‫ ف‬need َ‫ رُغزخذ‬-6
- Need I talk to the boss right now ? – You needn't do it if you don’t want to.
‫خ‬١ٔ‫طب‬٠‫خ اٌجش‬٠‫ض‬١ٍ‫ اإلٔج‬ٟ‫ ف‬have/has got to + V1 َ‫ رُغزخذ‬-7
- He has got to attend today's lecture. // - She hasn’t got to take any medicines.
‫ف‬ٚ‫ ثؼذ اٌظش‬must ‫ظ‬١ٌٚ have/has to َ‫ُفعً اعزخذا‬٠ -8
- I really have to help my mother with the housework .

‫۞ الحظ الفزق يف املعهى‬

 You have to arrive at work on time.
 You must arrive at work on time.
ًّ‫ صبحت اٌع‬ٚ‫ش أ‬٠‫ٗ عٍطخ اإلٌضاَ وبٌّذ‬٠‫ُ أْ اٌّزحذس ٌذ‬ٙ‫ ٔف‬ٌٝٚ‫ اٌجٍّخ األ‬ٟ‫ف‬
َ‫ٍّه عٍطخ اإلٌضا‬٠ ِٓ ‫سح‬ٚ‫ظ ثبٌعش‬١ٌٚ ًّ‫ْ اٌع‬ٛٔ‫زىٍُ عٓ االٌزضاَ ثمب‬٠ ‫ُ أْ اٌّزحذس‬ٙ‫خ ٔف‬١ٔ‫أِب اٌجٍّخ اٌثب‬
 I didn’t have to buy more bread. We already have a lot.
 I needn't have bought more bread. We already have a lot.
‫ ٌزٌه‬ٟ‫د داع‬ٛ‫ج‬ٚ َ‫خ لبَ اٌفبعً ثبٌششاء سغُ عذ‬١ٔ‫ اٌجٍّخ اٌثب‬ٟ‫ٌىٓ ف‬ٚ ‫مُ اٌفبعً ثبٌششاء‬٠ ٌُ ٌٝٚ‫ اٌجٍّخ األ‬ٟ‫ف‬
 You mustn't park there. It says " No Parking ".
 You needn't park there. There's a better place here.
) ْٛٔ‫زا لب‬ٙ‫ثخ ف‬ٛ‫ْ ٕ٘بن عم‬ٛ‫ى‬١‫إال ع‬ٚ ‫ف ٕ٘ب‬ٛ‫ل‬ٌٛ‫ع ا‬ِّٕٛ ( ٌٝٚ‫ اٌجٍّخ األ‬ٟ‫ف‬
) ‫ثخ‬ٛ‫جذ عم‬ٛ٠ ‫ال‬ٚ ً‫ٌغذ ِججشا‬ٚ ‫د ِىبْ أفعً ِٕٗ فأٔذ حش‬ٛ‫ج‬ٌٛ ‫ف ٕ٘ب‬ٛ‫ل‬ٌٍٛ ٟ‫خ ( ال داع‬١ٔ‫أِب اٌجٍّخ اٌثب‬
 You mustn't use your mobile while you are driving.
 In Britain, you can't take your driving test until you're 17 years old.
) ‫لذ‬ٚ ٞ‫ أ‬ٟ‫ف‬ٚ ‫ع‬١ّ‫ اٌج‬ٍٝ‫َ ع‬ّٛ‫ اٌع‬ٟ‫ُ ف‬٠‫ ( رحش‬ٌٝٚ‫ اٌجٍّخ األ‬ٟ‫ف‬
) till / until / unless / without ً‫د وٍّبد ِث‬ٛ‫ج‬ٚ ‫رغزخذَ عٕذ‬ٚ ‫ حبالد خبصخ‬ٟ‫ُ ف‬٠‫خ ( رحش‬١ٔ‫أِب اٌجٍّخ اٌثب‬
******************************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 126

 ♣ Advanced exercises for toppers ♣
( Gem / Senior / Moasser / My friend )

1- Our teacher is strict ; we ( have to – mustn't – needs to – had to ) do what he says.

2- He's very rich . He ( needn't – shouldn't – must not – has to never ) work for a living.

3- Not many young girls like ( needing to – making – getting to – having to ) wash dishes.

4- You ( mustn't – shouldn't – don’t have to – have to ) come with me if you don’t want to.

5- I ( mustn't – didn’t have to – don't have to – needn't ) work yesterday as it was a day off.

6- You ( can – have to – don’t have to – need ) park your car here for a maximum of 30 minutes.

7- Your basic needs are the things you ( must have to – need have to – have got to ) live a normal life.

8- Not ( need to – must – allowing to – having to ) pay to use the pool is good for being a student here.

9- If you are doing your best , you ( will have to – didn’t have to – will not have to ) worry about failure.

10- At my sports club , everyone ( has to – must – need to – don’t have to ) wear flat shoes . It's a rule.

11- ( Do you have to – Have you got to – Do you have ) export facilities as an important businessman ?

12- Our professor gave us a list of books . I ( must – have to – need to ) buy three books for this course.

13- ( Must you – Have you to – Do you have to – Need you to ) wear that yellow tie ? It's really ugly.

14- ( Must you – Have you to – Do you have to – Need you to ) wear that tie as part of work uniform ?

15- She ( mustn't – hasn’t to – hasn’t got to ) do all this work today because she can do it next morning.

16- Our train arrived rather late and so we ( must have to – had been to – had to – had got to ) take a taxi

to get our meeting on time.

17- I just inform you of the rules . You ( must – have to – have got – need to ) leave your mobile at the

security room as security measures.

******************************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 127

Choose the correct answer :

Miss. Manar Saad 128

************************************************************************ ******************************
Miss. Manar Saad 129
 ♣ ‫ اإلستنتاج‬Deduction ♣
Present Past
‫ذ‬١‫ أو‬must + be ْ‫ذ وب‬١‫ أو‬must + have + p.p
- He must be a teacher. - He must have been a teacher.
- He must be ill. // He must be sleeping now. - He must have been ill.//He must have been sleeping.
ْٛ‫ى‬٠ ْ‫ّىٓ أ‬٠ ‫ ال‬can't + be ٓ‫ى‬٠ ٌُ ‫ذ‬١‫ أو‬can't + have + p.p
- He can't be a teacher. - He can't have been a teacher .
- He can't be ill. // He can't be sleeping now. - He can't have been ill.//He can't have been sleeping.
ْٛ‫ى‬٠ ْ‫ ادزّبي أ‬may/might + be ْ‫ ادزّبي أٔٗ وب‬may/might + have + p.p
- He may / might be at home. - He might have been at home .
- He may be ill. // He may be sleeping now. - He might have been ill.//He might have been sleeping.

************************************************************************
♣ Grammar exercises ♣
1- Choose the correct answer :

************************************************************************
Miss. Manar Saad 130
 Modal verbs in the past
must have + P.P ) ٟ‫ اٌّبظ‬ٟ‫ذ ( رغزخذَ ٌعًّ اعزٕزبج ِثجذ ف‬١‫أو‬
The door was locked so the thief must have entered the house through the window.
can't/couldn't have + P.P ) ٟ‫ اٌّبظ‬ٟ‫ ف‬ٟ‫ذ ٌُ (رغزخذَ ٌعًّ اعزٕزبج ِٕف‬١‫أو‬
Noran can't have passed her driving test yesterday . She looks very unhappy.
may / might have + P.P ٟ‫ اٌّبظ‬ٟ‫ء ف‬ٟ‫س اٌش‬ٚ‫ احزّبي حذ‬ٚ‫خ أ‬١ٔ‫إِىب‬
He may have sent you an invitation.
may/might not have + P.P ٟ‫ اٌّبظ‬ٟ‫ء ف‬ٟ‫س اٌش‬ٚ‫ احزّبي عذَ حذ‬ٚ‫خ أ‬١ٔ‫إِىب‬
She may not have made that mistake.
should/ought to have + P.P ) ٍٗ‫ٌىٓ ٌُ رفع‬ٚ ‫اة‬ٛ‫ أْ رفعً اٌص‬ٟ‫ٕجغ‬٠ ْ‫ أْ ( وب‬ٟ‫ٕجغ‬٠ ْ‫وب‬
I didn’t know there was a meeting today. You should have told me.
shouldn't/oughtn't to have + P.P ‫ أْ ال‬ٟ‫ٕجغ‬٠ ْ‫وب‬
He used the horn so many times. He shouldn’t have done that.
could have + P.P ٍٗ‫ٌىٕٕب ٌُ ٔفع‬ٚ ٟ‫ اٌّبظ‬ٟ‫ئب ً ف‬١‫وبْ ِٓ اٌّّىٓ أْ ٔفعً ش‬
I could have gone to the cinema yesterday but I stayed at home.
needn't have + P.P ٍٗ‫فع‬٠ ْ‫ أ‬ٞ‫س‬ٚ‫ظ ِٓ اٌعش‬١ٌ ٗٔ‫ء سغُ أ‬ٟ‫ أْ اٌشخص فعً اٌش‬ٟٕ‫رع‬ٚ
She added some salt to the salad but she needn't have added any.

Choose the correct answer :

1- I shouldn't have come to the party but I ( was - wasn't - did - didn't ).

2- I shouldn't have been careless during the exam but I ( was - wasn't - did - didn't ).

3- I ( must - could - need to - should ) have taken a taxi to the stadium last Friday, but I rode my bike.

4- He ( could have gone - must have gone - should go ) to the cinema, but he stayed at home to study.

5- Soha ( might - must - should - can't ) have passed her driving test yesterday . She looks very unhappy.

6- The door was locked so the thief ( must have - might have - can't have - must ) entered the house

through the window.

7- Maha's mother is angry with her, she ( shouldn't have - mustn't - can't have - may not ) come late last

night. ( 2025 ‫ي‬ٚ‫س أ‬ٚ‫) د‬

8- Judy was lucky. She ( must have hurt - should have hurt - may be hurt - could have hurt ) herself when

she fell, but she's OK.

*************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 131

 ☺Extra Points
ٟ‫ب ِبظ‬ٌٙ ‫ظ‬١ٌٚ had better not ‫ب‬ٙ١‫ٔف‬ٚ should ً‫ب ِض‬ٍٙ‫ اٌّعبسع ِض‬ٟ‫ذخ ف‬١‫ ٌٍٕص‬had better = 'd better َ‫ ٔغزخذ‬-1

- They'd better study their lesson regularly.

- They had better not waste their time doing useless things .

) ‫ْ ( ِعبسع ِغزّش‬٢‫ذذس ا‬٠ ‫ٓ ِب‬١ّ‫ ٌزخ‬must / can't / might / may / could be + v-ing ً‫ّىٓ اعزخذاَ اٌفؼ‬٠ -2

- Listen . It must be raining outside .

- Sameh hasn’t answered my call . He must be interviewing some applicants.

ٟ‫ اٌّبظ‬ٟ‫ٓ ِب وبْ ِغزّشا ف‬١ّ‫ ٌزخ‬must / can't / might / may / could have + been + v-ing ً‫ّىٓ اعزخذاَ اٌفؼ‬٠ -3

- I'm not sure what made Rehab not attend my birthday. She might have been helping her mother at home.

ٕٝ‫اٌّؼ‬ٚ َ‫ ثٕفظ االعزخذا‬can't have + PP ِٓ ‫ ثذال‬couldn't have + PP ً‫ّىٓ اعزخذاَ اٌفؼ‬٠ -4

- He is an honest man . He can't / couldn’t have got stolen the money.

: ٟ‫ر‬٢‫ االعزٕزبط وب‬ٍٝ‫ ػ‬ٟ‫إٌف‬ٚ ‫ اٌشد ثبإلصجبد‬-5

- Tunneling under the Nile can't have been cheap. – No, it wasn't.

- It must have made traveling around Cairo easier. – Yes , it certainly has.

‫♠ االستهتاج يف املبين للنجهول‬

‫ اٌفؼً إٌبلص‬+ be + PP ( ‫) ِغزمجً – ِعبسع‬

‫ اٌفؼً إٌبلص‬+ have + been + PP ( ٟ‫) ِبظ‬

 The key must have been lost.

 The child might have been kidnapped .

 The house must have been built before 2000.

 The car isn't outside . It must have been stolen.

 I'm very uncertain. She might be invited to the party.

******************************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 132

 ♣ Advanced exercises for toppers ♣
( Gem / Senior / Moasser / My friend )

1- Retirement ( need – ought – shouldn't – mustn't ) be an unhappy event.

2- If you can't dictate your conditions , you ( will – should – need – ought ) negotiate.

3- I haven't received your letter . It ( may have – should have – can't have ) got lost in the post.

4- Taha was upset you didn't go to his party. You ( need to – must have – should have – can't have ) gone.

5- The cargo ship has sunk in the ocean. So, these cars ( can't – must – shouldn't ) have been brought on it.

6- That ( must be – can't be – might be – should be ) the main entrance. I can see people queuing to get in.

7- Asmaa got a tan . She ( must spend – can't have spent – must have spent ) a lot of time in the sun lately.

8- I'm really tired today. I ( should have – should not have – needn't have ) stayed awake so late last night.

9- You ( must be – can't be – might be – could be ) bored already ! You've only been here five minutes.

10- It can't have been easy tunneling under the Nile . – Of course it ( didn’t – wasn’t – isn’t – doesn’t ).

11- It ( must – should – shouldn't – can't ) have been Ali I saw at the party . He didn't recognize me at all.

12- I don’t know why I’m so tired these days. I ( might not – couldn't – can't – mustn't ) be sleeping well.

13- How on earth did she fail that exam ? She ( must have studied – shouldn't have studied –

can't have studied – needn't have studied ) very much.

14- The police are convinced the paintings ( must have – must have been – might have been – may have )

taken out of the country already.

15- This new project might succeed . "Might" says that ( I'm going to put my life savings on it –

I'll put a big bet on it – No way I'm risking even a pound on it – I regret investing in it ).

16- She can't be still at lunch . "Can't" shows that ( It is impossible that she is in the restaurant –

It is certain that she is in the restaurant – It's likely that she is still in the restaurant ).

******************************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 133

 ‫بنك األسئلة‬
‫املزيد من التدريبات على‬

‫االستنتاج‬

‫) ‪- A1 Treasure ( 40 choice‬‬

‫‪Miss. Manar Saad‬‬ ‫‪134‬‬

Miss. Manar Saad 135
Miss. Manar Saad 136
 ‫المصدر ‪ The Infinitive‬‬

‫‪(1) Verbs + to + V1‬‬ ‫‪to be + P.P‬‬

‫ص‪١‬غخ اٌّج‪ٛٙ‬ي‬

‫‪ promise‬ؼواصقمممممممممممممممم ‪agree‬‬ ‫‪ refuse‬ؼعدم‬ ‫ؼرصضمم‬ ‫ؼؿعؾمممممممممممممممممممم‪learn‬‬ ‫‪plan‬‬ ‫خيطط‬

‫‪decide‬‬ ‫مممم‬ ‫ؼؼرر‬ ‫ؼؿؿؽنممممممممممم‪ manage‬ؼؿوضعمممممممممممممم‪expect‬‬ ‫ؼأعلممممممممممممممممممم‪hope‬‬ ‫ؼعرضمممممممممممممممم‪offer‬‬
‫‪try‬‬ ‫‪ intend‬حياول‬ ‫ؼرؼدممممممممممممممممم‪ want‬ؼـوي‬ ‫ؼؿؿـىمممممممممممممممممم‪wish‬‬ ‫ؼأعلم‪/‬مؼؿوقممممممممم ‪long‬‬
‫‪would prefer‬‬ ‫ؼػضل‬ ‫‪would like‬‬ ‫ؼرؼد‬ ‫‪would love‬‬ ‫حيب‬ ‫ؼؿظاػرمممممممممممم ‪pretend‬‬ ‫ؼؿقؿلمممممممممممم ‪afford‬‬
‫جيربممممممممممممممممم ‪force‬‬ ‫خيؿارمممممممممممم ‪choose‬‬ ‫ؼلؿققممممممممم ‪deserve‬‬ ‫ؼؾدومممممممممممممممممم ‪seem‬‬ ‫ؼفددممممممممممم ‪threaten‬‬
‫ميؽنممممممممممممممم ‪enable‬‬ ‫حياولمممممممممم ‪attempt‬‬ ‫ؼرتبممممممممممممم ‪ arrange‬جيرؤممممممممممممممممم ‪dare‬‬ ‫ؼػشلمممممممممممممممممم ‪fail‬‬
‫ؼُـؾتمممممممممممممم ‪ prove‬ؼلاسدمممممممممممممممممم ‪help‬‬ ‫ؼُفؿلمممممممممممم ‪neglect‬‬ ‫‪not to + V1‬‬ ‫ميؽنمغػيماألصعالماظلابؼةمبادؿكدامم‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪He agreed to help me. // My father decided to buy a car.‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪I would like to drink tea. // He intended not to go to the club with us.‬‬

‫‪being + P.P‬‬ ‫‪(2) Verbs + V-ing‬‬

‫ص‪١‬غخ اٌّج‪ٛٙ‬ي‬

‫‪enjoy‬‬ ‫‪ avoid‬ؼلؿؿؿعمبـ‬ ‫‪ postpone‬ؼـؽرمممممممممممممممممم‪ deny‬ؼؿفـب‬ ‫‪ finish‬ؼؤجل‬ ‫ؼـفي‬

‫‪hate/detest‬‬ ‫ؼؽره‬ ‫‪stop‬‬ ‫‪ admit‬ؼؿوضفمسن‬ ‫ؼعرتفمبـ‬ ‫ميـعممممممممممممممم‪prevent‬‬ ‫ؼؼرتحمممممممممممم‪suggest‬‬
‫‪risk‬‬ ‫‪ mind‬خياررمبـ‬ ‫مياغع‬ ‫‪ imagine‬ؼػضلممممممممممممممم‪prefer‬‬ ‫ؼؿكقل‬ ‫‪fancy‬‬ ‫ؼؿكقل‬
‫‪love‬‬ ‫حيبمجداً‬ ‫‪keep‬‬ ‫‪ go‬ؼلؿؿرميف‬ ‫ؼذػبمألداء‬ ‫‪like‬‬ ‫حيب‬ ‫‪come‬‬ ‫ؼأتيمألداء‬
‫‪practise‬‬ ‫‪ recommend‬ميارس‬ ‫ؼوصي‬ ‫‪insist‬‬ ‫ؼصرممم‬ ‫مؼػؽرميفمممممممممم‪consider‬‬ ‫ؼؤجلمم ‪delay/ put off‬‬
‫ؼُؼدرمممممممممم ‪appreciate‬‬ ‫ؼػوتهمممممممممممممممم ‪ miss‬ؼشؿلمممممممممممم ‪include‬‬ ‫ؼؤديمإديممممممممم ‪ lead to‬مؼؽرهممممممممممممممم ‪dislike‬‬
‫ؼرؼدم‪/‬مؼودممممممم ‪feel like‬‬ ‫ؼؼاومممممممممممممممم ‪ resist‬ؼشؿلم‪/‬مؼؿضؿنمم ‪involve‬‬ ‫ؼؾارك ‪ congratulate on‬ؼُؿفممبـممممممممم ‪accuse of‬‬
‫المؼلؿطقعمأنمؼؿقؿلمممممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪can't stand‬‬ ‫‪can't help / resist‬‬ ‫المؼلؿطقعمأنمميـعمغػلهمعن‬
‫ؼؿطؾعمإديمممممممممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪look forward to‬‬ ‫ظقسمػـاكمصائدةمممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪It’s no use‬‬
‫ؼعرتضمسؾىممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪ object to = opposed to‬ظقسمػـاكمعصؾقةمممممممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪it's no good‬‬
‫بلؾبمممممممممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪owing to = due to‬‬ ‫ؼلؿققمممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪be worth‬‬
‫إغفامعضقعةمظؾوضتمممم ‪It's a waste of time/money‬‬ ‫ؼؿأضؾممسؾىمممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪adapt to‬‬
‫عشغولمممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪busy‬‬ ‫ؼُطؾقمسؾىمممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪apply to‬‬
‫ؼلاػمميفمممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪ contribute to‬ؼؽونمععؿادمسؾىممممممممممممم ‪be/become/get used to‬‬
‫ؼعؿادمسؾىمممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪ take to‬ؼؽونمععؿادمسؾىممممممممممممممممممممم ‪be accustomed to‬‬
‫عؿقؿسمبـممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪ be keen on‬عفؿممبـممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪be interested in‬‬
‫عغرممبـممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪be fond of‬‬ ‫‪not + V-ing‬‬ ‫ميؽنمغػيماألصعالماظلابؼةمبادؿكدامم‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪They enjoyed dancing in the party . // He kept working for long hours .‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪She risks leaving her children alone . // His father has just died . He cant help crying .‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Rodayna took to living in Aswan. // He suggested not going to the club and helping mum instead.‬‬

‫‪Miss. Manar Saad‬‬ ‫‪137‬‬

 ‫األفعال اآليتةة أتيتي ععدها ‪ to + V1‬في حالة وجود مفعول ولكن في حالة عدم وجود مفعول نستخدم ‪(3) V-ing‬‬

‫ؼـصحمممممممممممممممم‪advise‬‬ ‫ؼلؿحممممممممممممم ‪permit‬‬ ‫ؼلؿحمممممممممممممم ‪allow‬‬ ‫‪recommend‬‬ ‫ؼوصيمبـ‬ ‫ميـعمممممممممممممم ‪forbid‬‬

‫ؼشفعمممممممم ‪encourage‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪We don't allow anyone to smoke here. = We don't allow smoking here.‬‬

‫األفعال اآليتةة أتيتي ععدها ‪ V1‬لةدل على أننا يتاععنا الحدث عالكامل وأتيتي ععدها ‪ V-ing‬لةدل على أننا يتاععنا جزء من الحدث )‪(4‬‬

‫ؼلؿعمممممممممممممممممم ‪hear‬‬ ‫ؼشاػدممممممممممممممم ‪ watch‬ؼرىمممممممممممممممممممم ‪ see‬ؼالحظممممممممممممم ‪notice‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪I heard Mariam sing a song. = I heard the whole song.‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪I heard Mariam singing a song. = I heard part of the song.‬‬

‫‪(5) Verbs + O + to + V1‬‬

‫ؼـصحمممممممممممممممم‪advise‬‬ ‫خيؿارمممممممممممم ‪choose‬‬ ‫ؼلؿحمممممممممممممم ‪allow‬‬ ‫ؼؿقدىمممممممم ‪challenge‬‬ ‫ؼطؾبمممممممممممممممممم ‪ask‬‬

‫ؼؿودلمممممممممممممممممم ‪beg‬‬ ‫ؼأعرممممممممم ‪command‬‬ ‫ؼدسوممممممممممممممم ‪invite‬‬ ‫ؼلؿحممممممممممممم ‪ permit‬ؼُقػزمممممممممممم ‪motivate‬‬
‫ؼأعرمممممممممممممممممم ‪order‬‬ ‫ؼؼـعمممممممممم ‪persuade‬‬ ‫‪promise‬‬ ‫ؼُذطرممممممممممممممم ‪ remind‬ؼعدم‬ ‫ؼُشفعمممممم ‪encourage‬‬
‫ؼؤجرمذكصم‪/‬مؼوزفممم‪ hire‬ؼلاسدمممممممممممممممم ‪ help‬جيربمممممممممممممممم ‪ force‬ؼؿوضعمممممممممممممممم‪expect‬‬ ‫ؼأعرممممممممممممم ‪instruct‬‬
‫ؼُعؾممممممممممممممممممم ‪teach‬‬ ‫‪would like‬‬ ‫ؼرؼد‬ ‫حيثمممممممممممممممم ‪ urge‬ؼرؼدمممممممممممممممممممم‪ want‬ؼُقذرمممممممممممممممم ‪warn‬‬
‫ؼُكربممممممممممممممممممممم ‪tell‬‬ ‫يفمادلؾينمظؾؿففولمتأتي ‪ to + V1‬بعدماظػعلمعؾاذرة‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪I advised Ola to see a doctor. // Ola was advised to see a doctor.‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪We will choose Mr Sameh to be the leader. // Mr Sameh will be chosen to be the leader.‬‬

‫‪(6) Phrases + to + V1‬‬

‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪It's time‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪We're sorry‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪It's easy / difficult / nice …..‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪what / how / where‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪the first / the second / the last / the next ......‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪It's time to have lunch. // Mona was the last to watch the film.‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪I don't know where to put these books. // I don't know how to use the computer .‬‬

‫‪* Take care :‬‬

‫‪Miss. Manar Saad‬‬ ‫‪138‬‬

 (7) Verbs + V-ing / to + V1 ‫مع اختالف عسةط في المعنى‬
begin‫ممممممممممممممم‬ start‫ممممممممممممممممم‬ continue
love / like prefer hate

 I like drinking coffee. { a general occasion }

 I like to drink coffee in the morning. { a particular statement }

to+V1 ‫ ثعذ٘ب‬ٟ‫أر‬٠ ْ‫ ِٓ األفعبي اٌغبثمخ فالثذ أ‬ٞ‫ لجً أ‬would ‫* إرا اعزخذِٕب‬
 I'd love to go for a swim this evening. ( NOT: I'd love going )
V-ing ‫ظ‬١ٌٚ ‫ فمػ‬to+V1 َ‫ ( ٔغزخذ‬starting/beginning) ‫* ثعذ‬
 It was starting to rain. ( NOT: It was starting raining )

(8) Verbs + V-ing / to + V1 ‫مع وجود يتغةر كعةر في المعنى‬

stop remember regret ‫مؼـدمممممم‬/‫ؼأدفم‬

forget try go on ‫مؼواصلممم‬/‫ؼلؿؿرم‬

Miss. Manar Saad 139

 ♣ Grammar exercises ♣
1- Choose the correct answer :
1- Fancy ( live – to live – lived – living ) in a big house by the Nile.

2- I can't help ( seeing – see – to see – saw ) a disabled man neglected.

3- I remember my father ( take – to take – taking – took ) me to the zoo.

4- She is used to ( have – to have – having – to having ) dessert after meals.

5- The criminal denied ( to kill – kill – killing –killed ) the woman on purpose.

6- Have you finished ( furnishing – to furnish – furnished – furnish ) your flat ?

7- I regret ( say – saying – said – to say ) that your name isn’t included in the list.

8- I don’t enjoy ( being – to be – be – been ) in big company . I prefer being alone.

9- Father promises (rewarding – reward – rewards – to reward) me if I get a high mark.

10- Would you mind ( to take – taking – take – taken ) care of my kids while I'm away?

11- Don’t forget ( phoning – phone – to phoning – to phone ) me before you go to bed.

12- It's no use (argue – arguing – to argue – argues) with him . He won't be persuaded.

13- Maha suggests ( draw – draws – to drawing – drawing ) a plan for the next two months.

14- Do you regret( waste – to waste – wasting – to wasting )your time when you were abroad?

15- On our way home , Omar stopped ( to buy – buy – buying – bought ) a packet of biscuits.

16- The mountaineer managed( climbed – to climb – to climbing – climb )the mountain easily.

17- I don’t regret ( to sell – selling – sold – sell ) my old car. It cost me a lot of money for repairs.

18- They plan (to construct – construct – constructing – to constructing)a bridge over the canal.

19- I forget ( do – to doing – to do – doing) my homework last night because I was very busy.

20- He ( pretends - chooses - learns - threatens ) not to know me but I'm sure we worked together before.

*************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 140

 ‫األدؽؾةماظواردةميفمطرادةمادلػاػقم‬

I- Choose the correct answer :

1- Try ( taking - take - to take - took ) this medicine for your headache.

2- I'm trying ( learning - learn - to learn - learnt ) Chinese, but it's very difficult.

3- I remember ( to meet - meet - met - meeting ) this man last year at the wedding.

4- When I run, I need to stop ( taking - take - to take - took ) a break every 15 minutes.

5- Let's stop ( to think - thinking - think - thought ) of ideas now and start making a plan.

6- Please, remember ( to bring - bringing - bring - brought ) your digital camera tomorrow.

7- We regret ( to inform - inform - informing ) you that you have not been accepted for this job.

8- I regret (to waste -waste - wasted - wasting) my money; now I have no money to buy this T-shirt.

*************************************************************************************

Many hands make light work ‫ذ هللا ِغ اٌجّبػخ‬٠

Miss. Manar Saad 141

 ‫♠ ‪♠ Relative Pronouns‬‬
‫تلؿكدممضؿائرماظوصلمظربطماجلؿلمبعضفامبؾعض م‬

‫‪Who‬‬ ‫الذي‪ ,‬اليت ‪ ,‬الذيو [للفاعل العاقل]‬

‫تلؿكدممم‪who‬مظؿقلمحملماظػاسلمأوماملػعولماظعاضلمومرؾعاًمغعرفماظػاسلمبوجودهمأولماجلؿؾة‪.‬ممالحظماملـالماظؿاظي‪:‬م م‬

‫‪Here is the man. The man is a doctor.‬‬

‫‪Here is the man who is a doctor.‬‬
‫‪1) This is the girl who/that I love.‬‬
‫‪2) This is the doctor who/that treated my grandma.‬‬
‫‪ّ٠‬ىٓ اعزجذاٌ‪ٙ‬ب ثـ ‪that‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ّ٠‬ىٓ حزف‪ٙ‬ب إرا جبء ثعذ٘ب فبعً‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ال رأخز حشف جش لجٍ‪ٙ‬ب ثً ‪٠‬أر‪ ٟ‬ثعذ٘ب ف‪ٙٔ ٟ‬ب‪٠‬خ اٌجٍّخ اٌّ‪ٛ‬ص‪ٌٛ‬خ ‪ٚ‬وزٌه ‪ٔ that‬فظ اٌّعبٍِخ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫) ‪This is my colleague who/that I work with. ( NOT: This is my colleague with who/that I work.‬‬

‫‪Whom‬‬ ‫الذي‪ ,‬اليت [املفعول به العاقل]‬

‫تلؿعؿلم ‪whom‬ممظؿقلمحملماملػعولمبهماظعاضلمومرؾعاًمغعرفماملػعولمبهمبوجودهمبعدماظػعل‪.‬ممالحظماملـالماظؿاظي‪:‬م‬

‫‪The man came here. I visited him.‬‬

‫‪The man whom I visited came here.‬‬
‫‪1) This is the girl whom you gave a flower.‬‬
‫‪2) The man whom I paid was working with me.‬‬
‫‪ّ٠‬ىٓ اعزجذاٌ‪ٙ‬ب ثـ ‪that‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫رأخز حشف جش ع‪ٛ‬اء لجٍ‪ٙ‬ب أ‪ ٚ‬ثعذ٘ب‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪Farida from whom I copy my homework is my relative.‬‬
‫‪Farida whom/that I copy my homework from is my relative.‬‬

‫‪Which‬‬ ‫الذي‪ ,‬اليت [للجناد الفاعل أو املفعول به]‬

‫تلؿعؿلم‪which‬م ظؿقلمحملماظػاسلمأوماملػعولماظغريمساضلمومرؾعاًمغعرفماظػاسلمبوجودهمأولماجلؿؾةمأعاماملػعولمبهمصقوجدمبعدماظػعل‪.‬ممالحظماملـالماظؿاظي‪:‬م‬

‫‪He found his book. He lost it yesterday.‬‬

‫‪He found his book which he lost yesterday.‬‬
‫‪ّ٠‬ىٓ اعزجذاٌ‪ٙ‬ب ثـ ‪that‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ّ٠‬ىٓ حزف‪ٙ‬ب إرا جبء ثعذ٘ب فبعً‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫رأخز حشف جش ع‪ٛ‬اء لجٍ‪ٙ‬ب أ‪ ٚ‬ثعذ٘ب‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪This is the house which/that I live in. = This is the house in which I live.‬‬

‫‪Miss. Manar Saad‬‬ ‫‪142‬‬

That ]‫ اليت [للعاقل و غري العاقل الفاعل أو املفعول به‬,‫الذي‬

‫ م‬:‫مموهلامحاالتمخاصةم‬who / whom / which ‫ممحملم‬that‫ميؽنمأنمحتلمم‬

‫ب صفخ اٌّمبسٔخ ِٓ اٌذسجخ اٌضبٌضخ‬ٙ‫رغجم‬ 

 This is the best book that I've ever read .

all ‫ ثؼذ‬ٟ‫رأر‬ 

 I asked for all that I want .

‫ذ‬١‫ش ػٓ اٌزأو‬١‫ ٌزؼ‬it was ٚ‫ أ‬it is ‫ب‬ٙ‫رغجم‬ 

 It was Brazil that won the world cup .

something – everything – anything – only – any ‫ ِغ وٍّبد‬that َ‫رغزخذ‬ 

 Any questions that you want to answer must be written .

 Professor Zewail is the only Egyptian scientist that has got the Nobel Prize .

‫ٌخ‬ٛ‫ص‬ٌّٛ‫خ اٌجٍّخ ا‬٠‫ب‬ٙٔ ٟ‫ ثؼذ٘ب ف‬ٟ‫أر‬٠ ً‫ب ث‬ٍٙ‫ال رأخز دشف جش لج‬ 

 This is my key that I open my front door with.

of ‫ال رغزخذَ ِغ‬ 

 I took three pictures, all of which are not clear. (NOT: all of that)

ٓ١‫ٓ فبصٍز‬١‫ال رغزخذَ ث‬ 

 Ali, who has a lot of business, travels a lot.

‫ب‬ٙ‫ رغجم‬ٟ‫ْ اٌجٍّخ اٌز‬ّٛ‫ ِع‬ٌٝ‫ال رغزخذَ ػٕذ اإلشبسح إ‬ 

 He came first, which made his parents very happy. (NOT: that made)

Whose ]‫ اليت [للنلكية‬,‫الذي‬

‫م‬:‫ممالحظماملـالماظؿاظي‬.‫ممظؾؿؾؽقة‬whose‫تلؿعؿلمم‬

This is the man. His car hit the boy.

This is the man whose car hit the boy.

‫ب‬ٌٙ‫ّىٓ اعزجذا‬٠ ‫ال‬ 

‫ب‬ٙ‫ّىٓ حزف‬٠ ‫ال‬ 
‫ ثعذ٘ب‬ٚ‫ب أ‬ٍٙ‫اء لج‬ٛ‫رأخز حشف جش ع‬ 
My uncle whose house we live in traveled. = My uncle in whose house we live traveled.

Miss. Manar Saad 143

Where ]‫حيث [حتل حمل مكاى‬

This is the room. I used to sleep in it. // This is the room where I used to sleep.

‫مم م‬which ‫م‬+‫المتأخذمحرفمجرموالمؼأتيمبعدػامصعلموظؽنمميؽنمأنمتلؿؾدلمبـمحرفمجرم‬

This is the house where we live. Take care :

This is the house which we live in. - We may find ourselves in a situation ( which - where )
we can't pay our debts.
This is the house in which we live. where َ‫ ٔغزخذ‬situation / stage / point ‫جذٔب‬ٚ ‫إرا‬

where / which ‫۞ طزيكة رائعة لالختيار بني‬

. ً‫ص‬ٌٛ‫ ػجبسح ا‬ٟ‫د ف‬ٛ‫ج‬ٌّٛ‫ ) ثؼذ اٌفؼً ا‬in ‫ظغ دشف اٌجش ( ِضال‬ٛ‫ لُ ث‬-1

. ٗ‫ظؼز‬ٚ ٞ‫ أمً اٌّىبْ ثؼذ دشف اٌجش اٌز‬-2

. where ‫خ‬١‫بس اٌصذ‬١‫ْ االخز‬ٛ‫ى‬٠ ٕٝ‫ش اٌّؼ‬١‫ذخ ِٓ د‬١‫ إرا وبٔذ اٌؼجبسح صذ‬-3

- This is the house ( which – where ) we live . // ( We live in the house ) ‫حخ‬١‫عجبسح صح‬

- This is the house (which – where) my father has built. // ( My father has built in the house ) ‫حخ‬١‫ش صح‬١‫عجبسح غ‬

When ]‫حيث [تشتخدم مع الزمو‬

July is the month when we go on holiday.

Two o'clock is when I usually have lunch.
‫مم م‬which ‫م‬+‫المتأخذمحرفمجرموالمؼأتيمبعدػامصعلموظؽنمميؽنمأنمتلؿؾدلمبـمحرفمجرم‬

Ramadan is the month in which Muslims fast.

What ‫ما‬

‫ممصعلمعلاسدمأومأداديمم‬what‫ؼلؾقمم‬

I didn't know what happened. // That's what I said.

What gets me bored is doing the same work every day. // What you achieve will help my project.
******************************************************************************************************

Union is strength
‫ح‬ٛ‫اإلرذبد ل‬
Miss. Manar Saad 144
 The Summary

‫ضمري الوصل‬ ‫االستخدام‬ ‫هل ميكن استبداهلا ؟‬ ‫هل ميكن حذفها ؟‬ ‫هل تأخذ حزف جز ؟‬
who ‫ظؾػاسلماظعاضل م‬ that ‫غعممإذامجاءمبعدػامصاسلم م‬ ‫غعمموظؽنمبعدػام م‬
whom ‫ظؾؿػعولماظعاضل م‬ that ‫غعممإذامجاءمبعدػامصاسلم م‬ ‫غعممدواءمضؾؾفامأومبعدػا م‬
which ‫ظألذقاءمأوماحلقوان م‬ that ‫غعممإذامجاءمبعدػامصاسلم م‬ ‫غعممدواءمضؾؾفامأومبعدػا م‬
that ‫ظؾػاسلمواملػعول م‬ who / whom / which ‫غعممإذامجاءمبعدػامصاسلم م‬ ‫غعمموظؽنمبعدػام م‬
whose ‫صػةموضؿائرماملؾؽقة م‬ -------- ‫المميؽنمحذصفا م‬ ‫غعممدواءمضؾؾفامأومبعدػا م‬
where ‫ظألعاطن م‬ which + ‫حرفمجر‬ ‫المميؽنمحذصفاموظؽنمميؽنمادؿؾداهلا م‬ ‫المتأخذمحرفمجر م‬
when ‫صرتةمأومعدةمزعـقة م‬ which + ‫حرفمجر‬ ‫المميؽنمحذصفاموظؽنمميؽنمادؿؾداهلا م‬ ‫المتأخذمحرفمجر م‬
******************************************************************************************************

‫ حزف جز‬+ which

in which She's written an article in which she offers solutions to our problems .
to which She asked me where I had been , to which I replied , " It's a secret ".
at which That is the stadium at which we saw the cup final .
by which He says he's busy, by which he really means he doesn’t want to go out this evening .
for which They say something very cruel , for which I think they should apologize .
on which I always remember the day on which I first met you .
with which This is the knife with which we cut vegetables .
after which He read the book after which he made the important notes .
******************************************************************************************************
: ‫مالحظات حول حذف ضنائز الوصل‬

‫مميؽنمحذفمضؿريماظوصلمإذامجاءمبعدهمصاسل م‬-1

• This is the man whom/that you met yesterday.

‫ممإذامجاءمبعدػامصعلم م‬who / that ‫مالمميؽنمحذفم‬-2

• This is the scientist who/that won the Nobel Prize.

‫مميؽنمحذفمضؿريماظوصلمإذامأتؾعمبصقغةمادلؾينمظؾؿففول م‬-3

• Most cars which are used in Egypt run on petrol. = Most cars used in Egypt run on petrol.
‫م م‬V-ing ‫مميؽنمحذفمضؿريماظوصلمإذامأتؾعمبصقغةمادلؾينمظؾؿعؾومموحيلمحمؾهم‬-4

• Vegetables which contain a lot of water, don’t freeze well.

= Vegetables containing a lot of water, don’t freeze well .
‫محيذفمضؿريماظوصلمبإدؿكدامماظصػة م‬-5

• Students who are brilliant must be rewarded .

= Brilliant students must be rewarded .

******************************************************************************************************
Miss. Manar Saad 145
 ♣ Extra Points
‫مخ‬٠‫ّىٓ وزبثزٗ ثأوضش ِٓ غش‬٠ ‫د دشف جش‬ٛ‫ج‬ٚ ‫ ػٕذ‬-1

- He bought a new camera with which he took interesting photos .

- He bought a new camera which he took interesting photos with .

ً‫ص‬ٌٛ‫ش ا‬١ّ‫ّىٓ دزف ظ‬٠ ‫صً دشف جش ال‬ٌٛ‫ش ا‬١ّ‫ الدع أٔٗ إرا عجك ظ‬-2

- The people to whom we spoke are form England .

which َ‫ٌىٓ ٔغزخذ‬ٚ ) , ( ‫ ثؼذ‬that َ‫ ال رغزخذ‬-3

- Ali got the job , which surprised everybody .

ٗ‫ عجج‬ٞ‫ اٌز‬why = for which ‫ الدع‬-4

- The reason that he refused to stay was not known .

= The reason why he refused to stay was not known .

= The reason for which he refused to stay was not known .

that َ‫ش اٌؼبلً ٔغزخذ‬١‫غ‬ٚ ً‫ٓ اٌؼبل‬١‫ ث‬mixed ً‫ْ اٌفبػ‬ٛ‫ى‬٠ ‫ ػٕذِب‬-5

- Do you know the man and his car that I am looking for ?

. ‫ إٌّضي‬ٟ‫ ف‬ٝ‫ رشث‬ٟ‫أبد اٌز‬ٛ١‫ ِغ اٌذ‬who َ‫ لذ ٔغزخذ‬-6

- Is Jack the dog who was killed last year ?

‫ّىٓ دزفٗ ِٓ اٌجٍّخ‬٠ ‫س‬ٚ‫ِجش‬ٚ ‫صً شجٗ جٍّخ جبس‬ٌٛ‫ش ا‬١ّ‫ إرا رجغ ظ‬-7

- The man who is in the house is my father . = The man in the house is my father .

of ‫ػخ ثذشف اٌجش‬ٛ‫خ ِزج‬١ّ‫ اٌى‬ٍٝ‫ ثىٍّخ داٌخ ػ‬whom ٚ‫ أ‬which ً‫ص‬ٌٛ‫ش ا‬١ّ‫غجك ظ‬٠ ْ‫ّىٓ أ‬٠ -8

- I met three persons , but none of whom I admired .

- I bought many books but a few of which are interesting .

- Ahmad tried on three jackets, none of which fitted him .

- They've got three cars , two of which they never use .

whose ‫ب رغجك ثـ‬ٙٔ‫فؼً فئرا اعزخذِذ وبعُ فئ‬ٚ ُ‫ ٕ٘بن ثؼط اٌىٍّبد رغزخذَ وبع‬: ٗ‫ أزج‬-9

- People whose stay ended should renew it .

- I'm thankful to my friend whose help was necessary .

- People whose likes and dislikes are the same are good friends .

Miss. Manar Saad 146

 ‫ اٌجٍّخ‬ٟ‫ُ ثبل‬٠‫ ثؼذ٘ب ٌزمذ‬which ‫ظغ‬ٚ ٓ‫ّى‬٠ ‫خ اٌجٍّخ‬٠‫ ثذا‬ٟ‫ ف‬that َ‫ ػٕذ اعزخذا‬-10

- That which doesn’t kill you, makes you stronger.

ْ‫ش ٌٍّىب‬١‫ د‬ٟٕ‫ ) رؼ‬which is where ( ْ‫ الدع أ‬-11

- Last year, I traveled to Tanta, which is where I met my friend Sameh.

: ‫خ‬٠‫خ ثؼٕب‬١‫ر‬٢‫ ادسط اٌجًّ ا‬-12

- The man ( whose – in – with ) the black suit is my uncle.

- The man ( whose – in – with ) the blue eyes is my uncle.

- I don’t really know ( what – when – why ) she married him.

- I don’t really know ( what – when – why ) happened at yesterday's party.

- I don’t really know ( what – when ) my neigbour will come back from Italy.

‫۞ أنواع مجل الوصل‬

ٟ‫فن‬ٚ ‫د‬ٛ‫ اٌّمصن‬ٛ‫ ِنب ٘ن‬ٚ‫ْ ِٓ اٌصؼت أْ ٔؼنشف ِنٓ أ‬ٛ‫ى‬١‫ِبد ع‬ٍٛ‫ْ ٘زٖ اٌّؼ‬ٚ‫ثذ‬ٚ ‫خ‬١‫ِبد أعبع‬ٍٛ‫ ِؼ‬ٟ‫ؼط‬٠ ‫ي‬ٚ‫ع األ‬ٌٕٛ‫خ ) ا‬١‫ ( األ عبع‬-1

. ً‫ص‬ٌٛ‫ ثؼذ ػجبسح ا‬ٚ‫ لجً أ‬comma َ‫٘زٖ اٌذبٌخ ال ٔغزخذ‬

 The man who / that robbed the bank was sent to prison.

 The book which / that tells you about history is useful.

‫ثؼنذ‬ٚ ً‫ لجن‬comma َ‫ال ثنذ ِنٓ اعنزخذا‬ٚ ‫ اٌجٍّنخ‬ٝ‫نُ ِؼٕن‬ٙ‫خ ٌف‬٠‫س‬ٚ‫غنذ ظنش‬١ٌٚ ‫خ‬١‫ِنبد إظنبف‬ٍٛ‫ ِؼ‬ٟ‫ؼطن‬٠ ٟٔ‫ع اٌضنب‬ٛ‫نخ ) إٌن‬١‫ ( اٌفشػ‬-2

. ‫ع‬ٌٕٛ‫ ٘زا ا‬ٟ‫ ف‬that َ‫ال ٔغزخذ‬ٚ ً‫ص‬ٌٛ‫ػجبسح ا‬

 My father, whom I love, works as a teacher.

 Alaa's car, which he left outside, cost him L.E 200.000.

******************************************************************************************************

♣ Advanced exercises for toppers ♣

1- I have no idea ( where – whom – who – that ) was at the door.

2- I know for ( what – that – why – which ) he married her ? – For her money.

3- The meetings ( at which – where – to which – which ) I attended were long and boring.

4- The meetings ( at which – where – to which – which ) I was invited were long and boring.

5- I always buy my things from the supermarket ( where – which – when – no word ) at the corner.

******************************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 147

 ♣ )1( ‫♣ تدريبات على األسماء الموصولة‬
1- Choose the correct answer :
1- Ali , ( who – that – when – whose ) has a lot of business , travels a lot.
2- Mit Ghamr is the city ( which - where - that - when ) I was born in 1978.
3- Is that the doctor about ( which – that – whom – whose ) you told me ?
4- I couldn’t remember the time ( where – when – who – whose ) I saw them.
5- Fatin from ( who – that – whose – whom ) I copy my homework is a friend.
6- The woman ( who – whose – which – where ) purse was stolen , looked sad.
7- People ( which – whose – where – who ) abandoned the city are still refugees.
8- Mr Ehab ( that – whose – where – which ) I met in Aswan is a famous teacher.
9- I didn't se the woman ( whose -who's - whom - who ) money was stolen before.
10- Our flat , ( that – which – whose – who ) is on the fifth floor , overlooks the Nile.
11- The man (who – which – that – whose) sister lives in that house is a famous doctor.
12- I couldn’t understand ( that – where – which – what ) you said . Could you repeat it ?
13- She looked in the mirror to see ( what – who – whose – which ) the new dress was like.
14- What do you think of the novel ( whom – who – which – when ) I borrowed from you ?
15- Nour about ( that - who - whom - whose ) I told you, guided us in the museum yesterday.
16- The way ( for which - on which - by which - in which ) Sara treats her friends, was rude.
17- The car ( who - that - whose - whom ) owner is Mr Ashraf, blocked the street yesterday.
18- Have you read the criticism ( which – whose – where – who ) was written about the concert ?
19- The local farmer ( whom – when – whose – that ) field was burnt , complained to the council.
20- The teacher ( was explaining - was explained - explaining - explains ) the lesson is my father.
21- The accident happened because of the car ( which - whose - where - when ) driver fell asleep.
22- Henry ( whose - who - which - whom ) stay was in Helton Ramses, admired Egypt very much.
23- Henry ( whose - who - which - whom ) stayed in Helton Ramses, admired Egypt very much.
24- My mother always wants to know ( how - where - what - when ) happened with me in detail.
25- Mr Sameh has a flat in Cairo ( which - where - who - what ) we usually spend a week every year in.
26- The man ( who killed - who killing - killing - killed ) in the street was covered with a white sheet.
27- The company ( who – which – when – whose ) my father works for imports goods from Europe.
28- The people caught the man ( who's killing - who killed - who was killed ) another man in the street.
29- My pen friend , ( that – where – whose – who ) lives in Sweden , is studying biology at university.
30- The students ( were honoured - honoured - honouring ) yesterday, were the best students at my school.
31- The car ( blocked - was blocked - was blocking - blocking ) the street yesterday, was owned by Ashraf.
32- She's written an article ( in which – in that – in where ) she describes the problems facing our country.
*************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 148

 ♣ )2( ‫♣ تدريبات على األسماء الموصولة‬
1- Choose the correct answer :

*************************************************************************************

Ill news travels fast ‫ٕزشش ثغشػخ‬٠ ‫ئ‬١‫اٌخجش اٌغ‬

Miss. Manar Saad 149

 ‫♣ تدريبات على األسماء الموصولة (‪♣ )3‬‬

‫‪Miss. Manar Saad‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬

Miss. Manar Saad 151
************************************************************** ****************************************
Miss. Manar Saad 152
  Reported Speech ‫الكالم غير المباذر‬

Statements ‫اجلمل اخلربية‬

‫ م‬:‫سـدمحتوؼلماجلؿلماخلربؼةمعنماظؽالممادلؾاذرمإديماظؽالمماظغريمعؾاذرماتؾعماآلتيم‬
‫ م‬:‫)مإذامطانمصعلماظؼولمعاضقاًمصإنماظضؿائرمواألزعـةمواظظروفماظزعـقةمتؿغريم‬1(
Direct Reported / indirect
now then / at that moment
tomorrow the next day / the following day / the day after
next week the next week / the following week / the week after
yesterday the day before / the previous day / the last day
last week the last week / the previous week / the week before
ago before / earlier
tonight / today that night / that day
yet by then
the day before yesterday two days before
the day after tomorrow in two days' time
( an hour ) ago an hour before / an hour earlier
this that
these those
here there
live lived
is ringing was ringing
left had left
will see would see
has left / have left had left
can / shall could / should
have to / has to had to
must had to / must / would have to
needn't didn't have to / wouldn't have to
said to told
1- Dad said, " I will travel tomorrow ".

………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………….

2- Dad said to me, " I ate meat yesterday ".

………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………….

3- Dad said, " I'm going shopping now , Ali ".

………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………….

4- Dad said to me, " I'm so busy that I can't leave the house ".

………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………….

**********************************************************************************************
Miss. Manar Saad 153
  He said , " I'm so busy that I can't leave the house ."
He said (that) he was so busy that he couldn’t leave the house .
 He said to me ," I'm writing a letter now ."
He told me (that) he was writing a letter then .
 They said ," We visited our aunt yesterday ."
They said (that) they had visited their aunt the day before (the previous day) .
 They said to me " We have finished our work ."
They told me (that) they had finished their work .
 Ramy said ," I'll reach London tomorrow ."
Ramy said (that) he would reach London the next day (the following day) .
‫م) م‬and that‫)مظربطمذيؾؿنيمخربؼؿنيمغلؿكدمم(م‬2(
 He said to me ," I made a mistake . I corrected it "
He told me that he had made a mistake and that he had corrected it .
‫ م‬.‫)مإذامطانمادلكاربمداخلماألضواسمصإغهمسـدماظؿقوؼلمخيرجمعنماجلؿؾةماظرئقلقةموؼضافمإديمصعلماظؼولم‬3(
 Mariam said ," I'll visit you this evening , Rehab ".
Mariam told Rehab that she would visit her that evening .
‫مأعامإذامطاغتماجلؿؾةميفماحلاظةماظـاغقةمأوم م‬,‫مصإغفامحتولمإديماحلاظةماظـاغقةم‬,‫)محاظةمأوديم‬unless()if(‫)مإذامطاغتماجلؿؾةميفمادلؾاذرمذيؾةمذررقةم‬4(
‫ م‬.‫ممممماظـاظـةمصإغفامالمتؿغريم‬
 Yehya said ," If I catch this train , I'll be home at six ".
Yehya said that if he caught that train , he would be home at six .
 Mohamed said to me ," If I had more time , I would take up a hobby ".
Mohamed told me that if he had more time , he would take up a hobby .
*************************************************************************************

1- Dad said, " I have to go now ".

………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………….

2- Dad said, " I must do it now ".

………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………….

3- Mum said, " I'm going to clean the house ".

………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………….

4- Dad said to me, " I went to the zoo yesterday ".

………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………….

*************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 154

Order ‫اجلمل األمرية‬
‫ م‬:‫سـدمحتوؼلماجلؿلماألعرؼةمعنماظؽالممادلؾاذرمإديماظؽالمماظغريمعؾاذرماتؾعماآلتيم‬
‫م م‬not to + V1‫)مؼؿممربطماألعرماملـػيمبـم‬1(
‫ م‬to + V1‫)مؼؿممربطماألعرماظـؾتمبـم‬2(
‫ م م‬told / ordered / asked‫مإديم‬said to‫)مؼؿقولمصعلماظؼولمعنم‬3(

1- Dad said , " Wash my car please , Ahmed ".

………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………….

2- Dad said to me , " Don't make noise , please ".

………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………….

*************************************************************************************

 The doctor said to the patient ," Stay in bed for a week ."
The doctor ordered the patient to stay in bed for a week .
 The zoo keeper said to children ," Don’t put your hands near the bars ."
The zoo keeper asked the children not to put their hands near the bars .
*************************************************************************************

1- Dad said to me , " Don't play in the street ".

………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………….

2- My teacher said , " Clean the board please , Ahmed ".

………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………….

*************************************************************************************

As you sow , so will you reap

ْ‫ٓ رذا‬٠‫وّب رذ‬

Miss. Manar Saad 155

Reported Speech Questions ‫اجلمل اإلستفهامية‬
‫ م‬:‫سـدمحتوؼلماألدؽؾةمعنماظؽالممادلؾاذرمإديماظؽالمماظغريمعؾاذرماتؾعماآلتيم‬
‫م م‬asked‫مإديم‬said to ‫)محنولمصعلماظؼولمعنم‬1(
‫م م‬.‫)محنذفمأضواسماظؿـصقصم‬2(
‫م م‬.‫)محنولماظلؤالمسؾىمذيؾةمخربؼةم‬3(
‫ م‬.‫)مغغريماظضؿائرمحلبماملعـىمواألزعـةمواظظروفماظزعـقةمطؿاميفماجلدولماظلابقم‬4(
‫ م‬:‫)مباظـلؾةمظألدؽؾةماظيتمتؾدأمبؽؾؿةمادؿػفاممغلؿكدمماظرتطقبماظؾغويماظؿاظيم‬5(

S‫م‬+‫م‬asked / wondered / wanted to know ‫م‬+‫ممطؾؿةماإلدؿػفاممطؿامػيم‬+‫ م‬S‫م‬+‫م‬V ‫عاضي‬

1- Dad said to me," Where are you going ?"

………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………….

2- Dad said to me," Where did you go yesterday ?"

………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………….

3- Dad said to me," What time is it now ?"

………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………….

*************************************************************************************

 " Where are you going next week ?" said Maha .
Maha asked where I was going the following week .
 He said to her," How did you solve the mystery ?"
He asked her how she (had) solved the mystery .
‫ي‬ٛ‫زجع ثّفع‬٠ ‫ ال‬wanted to know / wondered ‫ي‬ٛ‫فعً اٌم‬ -

 He wondered if I wanted anything to drink .

*************************************************************************************

1- Dad said," What are you doing , Ali ?"

………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………….

2- Dad said to me ," What can you do ?"

………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………….

3- Dad said to me ," How many boys are there in your class ?"

………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………….

*************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 156

 ‫ م‬:‫)مباظـلؾةمظألدؽؾةماظيتمتؾدأمبػعلمعلاسدمغلؿكدمماظرتطقبماظؾغويماظؿاظيم‬6(‫م‬
‫ م‬S‫م‬+‫م‬asked / wondered / wanted to know / if / whether‫مإذام‬+‫ م‬S‫م‬+ V2

1- Dad said to me," Are you brave ?"

………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………….

2- Dad said to me," Can you swim well ?"

………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………….

3- Dad said to me," Do you speak English ?"

………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………….

4- Dad said to me," Did you see my pen ?"

………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………….

*************************************************************************************

 She said," Is he absent today ?"

She asked if / whether he was absent that day .
 He said to me ," Have you done your work ?"
He asked me if I had done my work .
 He said, " Did you buy new clothes ?"
He asked if I (had) bought new clothes .
whether َ‫الحع اعزخذا‬ -

 I can solve the problem ( without – if – whether – because ) you help me or not .

*************************************************************************************

1- Dad said to me," Are you busy now ?"

………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………….

2- Dad said to me," Will you leave now ?"

………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………….

3- Dad said to me," Do you love me ?"

………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………….

4- Dad said to me," Are you going to visit your uncle ?"

………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………….

*************************************************************************************
Miss. Manar Saad 157
♣ Take care

1- Dad says to me, " I will travel tomorrow ".

Dad tells me that he will travel tomorrow.

2- Dad said to me just now," I have to go now ".

Dad told me just now that he has to go now.

3- Dad said to me," I'm a businessman ".

Dad told me that he is a businessman.

4- Dad said to me," I go to work by taxi ".

Dad told me that he goes to work by taxi.

5- Dad said to me," The earth is round ".

Dad told me that the earth is round.

6- Dad said to me," You should sleep now ".

Dad told me that I should sleep now.

*************************************************************************************
‫ م‬.‫)مإذامطانمصعلماظؼولمعضارساًمأومإذامطاغتماملعؾوعاتماظيتمتـؼؾفامعازاظتمحؼقؼقةمصإنماألزعـةمواظظروفماظزعـقةمالمتؿغريموالمتؿغريمإالماظضؿائرمصؼطم‬1(‫م‬

 Ahmed says , " I'll reach London tomorrow . "

Ahmed says (that) he will reach London tomorrow .
 He says to me , " I am writing a letter now . "
He tells me that he is writing a letter now .
‫ م‬.‫)مإذامطاغتمداخلماألضواسمحؼقؼةمسؾؿقةمصإنماألزعـةمواظظروفماظزعـقةمالمتؿغريموالمتؿغريمإالماظضؿائرمصؼطم‬2(

‫ م‬:‫)مإذامطانمصعلماظؼولمضدمضقلمعـذمصرتةمضصريةمصالمحتولماألزعـةمودـفدمبعضمػذهماظظروفمععمصعلماظؼولمعـلم‬3(

just now , a short time ago , a moment ago , now , recently

 Noran said a moment ago," I study my lessons every day ".
Noran said a moment ago that she studies her lessons every day .
‫ م‬:‫)مالمتؿغريماألزعـةمععمبعضماظؿعؾرياتمعـلم‬4(

Would like / would rather / had better / should / used to

 Ahmed said ," I'd rather work ".
Ahmed said that he'd rather work .
*************************************************************************************
Miss. Manar Saad 158
Miss. Manar Saad 159
 ♣ Extra Points
: ) ‫ب‬ٍٙ٠ٛ‫ لجً اٌؼالِبد ػٕذ رذ‬the ‫د‬ٛ‫ج‬ٚ ‫خ‬١ّ٘‫خ ( الدع أ‬١‫ر‬٢‫خ ا‬١ِٕ‫دذد شىً اٌؼالِبد اٌض‬ٚ ‫خ اٌجٍّخ‬٠‫ب‬ٙٔ ٌٝ‫ أظش إ‬-1

َ‫ رب‬ٟ‫خ ِبظ‬١‫بس اٌصذ‬١‫ْ االخز‬ٛ‫ى‬٠ ‫ اٌجٍّخ‬ٟ‫خ ف‬١‫ر‬٢‫جذد أدذ اٌىٍّبد ا‬ٚ ‫إرا‬ 

( the day before / that night / the last ….. / the previous …… / by then / before )

- He said that he had visited his uncle the week before .

would+V1 (or) was/were + v-ing ‫خ‬١‫بس اٌصذ‬١‫ْ االخز‬ٛ‫ى‬٠ ‫ اٌجٍّخ‬ٟ‫خ ف‬١‫ر‬٢‫جذد أدذ اٌىٍّبد ا‬ٚ ‫إرا‬ 

( the next / following …. / coming …. / the day after )

- Father promised me that he would buy a present the next day .

‫ ِغزّش‬ٟ‫خ ِبظ‬١‫بس اٌصذ‬١‫ْ االخز‬ٛ‫ى‬٠ ‫ اٌجٍّخ‬ٟ‫خ ف‬١‫ر‬٢‫جذد أدذ اٌىٍّبد ا‬ٚ ‫إرا‬ 

( at that time / then )

- He told her mother that she was studying then .

: mustn't ٚ‫ أ‬must ً٠ٛ‫مخ رذ‬٠‫ الدع غش‬-2

‫ي‬ٛ‫ٌىٓ إْ وبٔذ رؼجش ػٓ االعزٕزبط فال رزذ‬ٚ , ٟ٘ ‫ وّب‬ٝ‫ رجم‬ٚ‫ أ‬had to ٌٝ‫ي إ‬ٛ‫ رؼجش ػٓ إٌضاَ فززذ‬must ‫إرا وبٔذ‬ 

- Direct : He said, " She must be rich." ) ‫( اعزٕزبج‬

- Indirect : He said that she must be rich .

- Direct : He said, " I must see a doctor." ) َ‫( إٌضا‬

- Indirect : He said that he had to / must see a doctor.

ً‫ اٌّغزمج‬ٟ‫سح ف‬ٚ‫ ظش‬ٍٝ‫ إرا وبٔذ رذي ػ‬would have to ٌٝ‫ إ‬must ‫ي‬ٛ‫رزذ‬ 

- Direct : Tom said, " I must return home next month."

- Indirect : Tom said that he would have to return home the following month.

wasn't to / weren’t to ٌٝ‫ي إ‬ٛ‫ رذ‬ٚ‫ أ‬ٟ٘ ‫ وّب‬ٝ‫ رجم‬mustn't 

- Direct : " You mustn't play near my house."

- Indirect : He said that I mustn't / wasn't to play near his house.

V-ing ٚ‫ أ‬to+V1 ‫ ثؼذ٘ب‬ٟ‫أر‬٠ ‫ لذ‬ٟ‫اٌز‬ٚ ‫ٍخ‬٠‫ ثذ‬ٜ‫ي أخش‬ٛ‫ ثأفؼبي ل‬said ‫ي‬ٛ‫ّىٓ اعزجذاي فؼً اٌم‬٠ -3

- He denied stealing the money. // He suggested going to the zoo.

- He promised me to buy a car for me. // He apologized for coming home late.

‫ ػبدح‬ٍٝ‫ إرا وبٔذ رذي ػ‬ٟ٘ ‫ وّب‬used to ٝ‫ رجم‬-4

Miss. Manar Saad 160
- Direct : He said to the doctor , " I used to smoke."

- Indirect : He told the doctor that he used to smoke.

‫ش ِجبشش‬١‫ جٍّخ اٌغ‬ٟ‫ش ف‬١١‫ْ رغ‬ٚ‫ ثذ‬ٛ٘ ‫ وّب‬ٝ‫جم‬٠ needn't ً‫ اٌفؼ‬-5

- Direct : He said , " You needn't come till six o'clock."

- Indirect : He said that we needn't come till six o'clock.

) . ( ‫ب‬ِٕٙ ‫ٔعغ ثذال‬ٚ ‫ش اٌّجبشش‬١‫ غ‬ٌٝ‫ً اٌغؤاي إ‬٠ٛ‫بَ ػٕذ رذ‬ٙ‫ ال رغزخذَ ػالِخ االعزف‬-6

- He asked me why I was so upset .

replied / shouted ‫ ثؼذ‬that ‫ّىٓ دزف‬٠ ‫ ال‬-7

- I shouted that I was busy .

- I replied that I didn’t intend to stand for election .

‫ش‬١‫ ال رزغ‬rather / wish / would / It's time ً‫ ِض‬ٟ‫م‬١‫ش دم‬١‫ غ‬ٚ‫ أ‬ٟ‫ افزشاظ‬ٟ‫ ِبظ‬ٌٝ‫ش إ‬١‫ رش‬ٟ‫خ اٌز‬١ِٕ‫ اٌؼجبساد اٌض‬-8

- Direct : They said , " We wish we knew the truth."

- Indirect : They said that they wished they knew the truth .

the ٌٝ‫ُ إ‬ٍٙ٠ٛ‫زُ رذ‬٠ ٗٔ‫خ فب‬١ِٕ‫ُ ِذح ص‬ٙ‫زجؼ‬٠ ٌُ ‫ إرا‬this / that / these / those ‫ أعّبء اإلشبسح‬-9

- Direct : Samir said , " This book is mine."

- Indirect : Samir said that the book was mine .

: ‫خ‬٠‫خ ثؼٕب‬١‫ر‬٢‫ ادسط اٌجًّ ا‬-10

- Direct : " I'm going to fly to America next month."

- Indirect : Ali says he is going to fly to America next month.

- Indirect : Ali said he is going to fly to America next month.

- Indirect : Ali said he was going to fly to America the next month.

****************************************************************************** ************************
‫م‬

Like father , like son ‫٘زا اٌشجً ِٓ ران األعذ‬

Miss. Manar Saad 161

 ♣ Advanced exercises for toppers ♣
1- He asked me ( if – whether – whose – neither ) or not I had a car .

2- She stated that giraffes ( has – have – had – are having ) long necks .

3- The students ( told – talked – said – promised ) about the coming exams .

4- We ( told – explained – enquired – asked ) someone the way to the station .

5- He suggested that we ( should – could – would – had to ) go to the cinema .

6- It was suggested that he ( should – be – was – is ) the chairman of the meeting .

7- I wanted to know what ( did Ali hit – Ali hit – hit Ali – Ali had hit ) on his head .

8- Ali said he ( came – had come – would come – will come ) and help me at twelve .

9- He agreed he would not tell anyone what I ( am saying – have said – had said – was said ) .

10- Can you tell me your plans for ( the previous summer – the summer before – next summer )?

11- I ( asked – said – told – wondered ) my friend where I used to live during my stay in London .

12- He said that she ( had to – would to – has to – will have to ) try harder if she wanted to succeed .

13- Jana has just told Hana that they ( have gone – were going – are going ) to their friend's party tonight.

14- Sama inquired who ( was the man – the man was – the man had been – the man is ) I had been talking to.

******************************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 162

 ♣ Grammar exercises ♣
1- Choose the correct answer :
1- He ( told – asked – claimed – ordered ) he was a police officer.
2- He ( wanted – told – wondered – wandered ) whether I was a doctor.
3- I wondered where ( do you live – you lived – did you live – you live ).
4- He ( said – asked – told – tells ) me that he didn’t send her any letters.
5- He ( tells – said – told – asked ) to me , " I went to the cinema yesterday".
6- He asked if ( he can – he could – can he – could he ) borrow my history book.
7- He ( asked – said – wondered – told ) his father had bought him a mobile phone.
8- He told us he ( will go – would go – is going – goes ) to the cinema that night.
9- He asked what( was I studying – have I studied – am I studying – I was studying )at school.
10- Our teacher asked us ( don’t forget – not to forget – didn’t forget – not forget ) our books.
11- He wanted to know ( unless – until – if – weather ) they would go for a swim the next day.
12- I'd like to go to the railway station. Can you show me where (it is – was it – it has – is it )?
13- I wonder how long ( will you stay – have you stayed – you will stay – did you stay ) in Luxor.
14- Samia asked Hala ( unless – whether – without – except ) she was doing anything the next day.
15- Mr Hamdi ( said – wondered – told – believed ) his students to do the homework day by day.
16- I wanted to know when( are you leaving – do you leave – have you left – you were leaving ).
17- Mother asked the child( don’t play – not to play – won't play – not playing )with matches.
18- Hassan asked me ( to give – giving – was giving – whether giving ) him a hand with his work.
19- They told me that they ( are writing – are written – were written – were writing ) invitations then.
20- Sally has just told us she ( will – wouldn’t – would – didn’t ) read a novel by Dickens next Friday.
21- He asked me ( if we had met – if have we met – if had we met – whether have we met ) somewhere before.
22- The biologist said, “These fish swim upstream in the autumn.” The biologist said these fish
( swim - swam - swum - are swimming ) upstream in the autumn.
23- Mariam told us, “Many elephants are killed each year by illegal hunters.” Mariam told us that many
elephants ( killed - have been killed - was killed - are killed ) each year by illegal hunters.
*************************************************************************************

Necessity has no law

َ‫سح أدىب‬ٚ‫ٌٍعش‬

Miss. Manar Saad 163

  Additional exercises
:

************************************************************************
Miss. Manar Saad 164
 ‫بنك األسئلة‬
‫مزيد من التدريبات على‬

‫الكالم الغري مباشز‬

‫) ‪- A1 Treasure ( 56 choice‬‬

‫‪Miss. Manar Saad‬‬ ‫‪165‬‬

1- Choose the correct answer :

Miss. Manar Saad 166

Miss. Manar Saad 167
Miss. Manar Saad 168
Miss. Manar Saad 169
 ♣ If ♣
If Zero
If / Unless ( ‫ ) عضارع بلقط‬, (‫) عضارع بلقط‬

‫إسشبداد‬ٚ ‫بد‬ٙ١‫ج‬ٛ‫ػٕذ إػطبء ر‬ٚ ‫الف ِؼزبدح‬ِٛٚ ‫خ‬١ٍّ‫ؼجش ػٓ دمبئك ػ‬٠ ‫خ‬١‫ع ِٓ اٌجًّ اٌششغ‬ٌٕٛ‫٘زا ا‬
 If we heat water, it evaporates. ( ‫خ‬١ٍّ‫مخ ع‬١‫) حم‬
 If ice is heated, it turns into water. ( ‫خ‬١ٍّ‫مخ ع‬١‫) حم‬
 If I feel tired, I go to bed. ( ‫الف ِعزبدح‬ِٛ )
 If you press the button, the computer switches on. ( ‫إسشبداد‬ٚ ‫بد‬ٙ١‫ج‬ٛ‫) إلعطبء ر‬
 If the camera is on, a red light appears. ( ‫إسشبداد‬ٚ ‫بد‬ٙ١‫ج‬ٛ‫) إلعطبء ر‬
if ‫ ٌـ‬ٕٝ‫ رحًّ ٔفظ اٌّع‬when ‫ أداح اٌششغ‬: ‫ظخ‬ٛ‫ٍِذ‬
*************************************************************************************
If 1
If / Unless ( ‫ػ‬١‫ ) ِعبسع ثغ‬, ( will / should / can / may + V1 )

ً‫ اٌّغزمج‬ٟ‫ء ف‬ٟ‫س ش‬ٚ‫خ دذ‬١ٔ‫إِىب‬

 If she works hard, she will pass the test.
 Unless you get up early, you will miss the bus.
 If you can't dictate your conditions, you should negotiate. (2011)

If / Unless ( ‫ػ‬١‫ ) ِعبسع ثغ‬, ٟٙٔ / ‫أِش‬

 If there is a problem, ask your teacher.

 If you see your grandfather, please don’t wake him up.

‫* دبٌخ اٌذزف‬

Should + S + V1 will / can / may + V1

 Should Mona study hard, she will succeed .

 Should there be a problem , contact me at once.
 Should Mona have a lot of money, she will buy a car.
*************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 170

If 2
If / Unless ( ‫ػ‬١‫ ثغ‬ٟ‫ ) ِبظ‬, ( would / might / could + V1 )

ّٟٕ‫ اٌز‬/ ‫ذخ‬١‫ ػٕذ إػطبء إٌص‬/ ‫ اٌّعبسع‬ٟ‫س ف‬ٚ‫ٍخ اٌذذ‬١‫ ِغزذ‬ٚ‫خ أ‬١‫م‬١‫ش دم‬١‫الف غ‬ِٛ ٓ‫رؼجش ػ‬
 If you studied hard, you would succeed.
 If I were rich , I'd buy a new car.
 If I were a bird , I would fly.
 If I were you, I would see a doctor.
 If Mona were rich, she would buy a villa at the North Coast.
‫ رغزخذَ ِع وً اٌعّبئش‬were : ‫ظخ‬ٛ‫ٍِذ‬
if + not = unless *
 Unless you got up early , you wouldn’t catch the bus .

‫* دبالد اٌذزف‬

were + S + to + V1 would + V1
were + S + n/adj would + V1

 If he came early, he would meet the manager.

 Were he to come early, he would meet the manager.
 If I were a mechanic, I'd repair your car.
 = Were I a mechanic, I'd repair your car.
‫خ‬١ٔ‫ اٌذبٌخ اٌضب‬ٟ‫ ف‬if ً‫ٍّه ) ٌزذً ِذ‬٠ ْ‫ ( وب‬ٕٝ‫ ثّؼ‬had َ‫ّىٓ أْ ٔغزخذ‬٠ *
 If he had a flat, he would marry.
 Had he a flat, he would marry.
‫خ‬١ٔ‫ اٌذبٌخ اٌضب‬ٟ‫ ف‬should َ‫ّىٓ أْ ٔغزخذ‬٠ *
Should + S + V1 would / could / might + V1

 Should Mona study hard, she would succeed.

 Should I be a surgeon, I'd perform operations for free.

‫خ‬١ٔ‫ اٌذبٌخ اٌضب‬ٟ‫ ف‬if ‫خ ِغ‬١ٌ‫جخ اٌزب‬١‫ّىٓ اعزخذاَ اٌزشو‬٠ *

If it weren’t for + noun would + inf.

 If it weren’t for the Nile , Egypt would be a desert land .

Without / But for + noun would + inf.

 Without the Nile , Egypt would be a desert land .

*************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 171

 ‫☻الحظ الفزق يف املعهى بني احلالة الصفزية واألوىل‬

‫☺الحظ الفزق يف املعهى بني احلالة األوىل والثانية‬

‫*************************************************************************************‬

‫‪Union is strength‬‬
‫اإلرذبد ل‪ٛ‬ح‬

‫‪Miss. Manar Saad‬‬ ‫‪172‬‬

If 3
If / Unless ( َ‫ رب‬ٟ‫ ) ِبظ‬, ( would have + P.P )

ٟ‫ اٌّبظ‬ٟ‫ش ف‬١‫ اٌزغ‬ٚ‫س أ‬ٚ‫ٍخ اٌذذ‬١‫الف ِغزذ‬ِٛ ٓ‫رؼجش ػ‬

 If we hadn’t paid attention, we wouldn’t have understood the lesson.
 If he had had enough money, he would have spent his holiday abroad.
‫* دبالد اٌذزف‬
Had + S + p.p would + have + p.p

 If he had arrived early, he wouldn’t have missed the train.

 = Had he arrived early, he wouldn’t have missed the train.

‫ اٌذبٌخ اٌضبٌضخ‬ٟ‫ ف‬if ‫خ ِغ‬١ٌ‫جخ اٌزب‬١‫ّىٓ اعزخذاَ اٌزشو‬٠ *

If it hadn’t been for + noun would + have + p.p

 If it hadn’t been for your help, I wouldn’t have solved this problem.

Without / But for + noun would + have + p.p

 Without your help, I wouldn’t have solved this problem.

: ٟ‫ر‬٢‫الدع اٌّضبي ا‬ 

If he hadn’t apologized to me , I wouldn’t have forgiven him .

 Unless he had apologized to me, I wouldn’t have forgiven him.

 If it hadn't been for his apology, I wouldn’t have forgiven him.
 Without / But for his apology, I wouldn’t have forgiven him.

*************************************************************************************

Cleanliness is near to godliness

ْ‫ّب‬٠‫إٌظبفخ ِٓ اإل‬

Miss. Manar Saad 173

♣ Take care

‫مخ اٌؼبِخ‬١‫ي اٌذم‬ٛ‫رزذ‬ٚ , ‫خ‬٠‫ظ اٌصفش‬١ٌٚ ٌٝٚ‫ٓ ٔغزخذَ اٌذبٌخ األ‬١‫لف ِؼ‬ّٛ‫اٌؼبداد اٌّشرجطخ ث‬ٚ ‫ ِغ اٌذمبئك‬
: ٍٟ٠ ‫ خبصخ وّب‬ٌٝ‫إ‬
: ) this / that / these / those ( ‫أ) اعزخذاَ صفخ إشبسح‬
 If this piece of ice is heated, it will turn into water.
: ً‫س اٌفؼ‬ٚ‫ٓ ٌذذ‬١‫ذ ِؼ‬١‫ل‬ٛ‫ذ ر‬٠‫ة) رذذ‬
 If it rains tonight, streets will become wet.
: ً‫س اٌفؼ‬ٚ‫ٓ ٌذذ‬١‫ذ ِىبْ ِؼ‬٠‫ط) رذذ‬
 If it rains, the streets of our town will become wet.
: ) my / his / its / your / our / their / her / 's ( ‫خ‬١‫د) اعزخذاَ صفخ ٍِى‬
 If the plants on our farm get very thirsty, we will irrigate them.
*************************************************************************************
♣ Take care

1- If he came tomorrow, I would meet him, but I don’t think so.

2- I think he will come, so if he comes early, he will meet all his colleagues.

3- I don't think he will come, so if he came early, he would meet all his colleagues.

*************************************************************************************
♣ Take care )‫خ اٌشثػ‬١‫ف‬١‫(و‬

:‫سـدمربطمذيؾؿنيميفمادلضارعمأومادللؿؼؾلمغلؿكدمماحلاظةماألوديم‬ 

 I think he will follow the doctor's advice , so he will recover .

= If he follows the doctor's advice , he will recover .
:‫سـدمربطمذيؾؿنيميفمادلضارعمادلـػيمغلؿكدمماحلاظةماظـاغقةم‬ 

 I can't meet you because I don’t have free time .

= If I had free time , I would meet you .
:‫سـدمربطمذيؾؿنيميفمادلاضيمدواءمعـؾتمأومعـػيمغلؿكدمماحلاظةماظـاظـةم‬ 

 He didn’t follow the doctor's advice , so he didn’t recover .

= If he had followed the doctor's advice , he would have recovered .
 He got up late so he missed the train .
= If he hadn’t got up late , he wouldn’t have missed the train .
*************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 174

 Alternatives of using If
If / Only if

In case ‫ دبٌخ‬ٟ‫ف‬

As long as َ‫ ِبدا‬/ ‫غبٌّب‬

Imagine ( that ) ْ‫ً أ‬١‫رخ‬ S V O ‫جٍّخ‬

Provided ( that ) ْ‫ثششغ أ‬

Providing ( that ) ْ‫ثششغ أ‬

On condition ( that ) ْ‫ثششغ أ‬

Supposing / Suppose ( that ) ْ‫افزشض أ‬

*************************************************************************************

Unless ٌُ ‫ إرا‬/ ٌُ ٌٛ S V O ‫ جٍّخ ِضجزخ‬, ) ‫خ‬١‫ ِٕف‬ٚ‫( جٍّخ ِضجزخ أ‬

*************************************************************************************
Without ْٚ‫ثذ‬

But for ‫ال‬ٌٛ N / V-ing

In case of ‫د‬ٛ‫ج‬ٚ ‫ دبٌخ‬ٟ‫ف‬

*************************************************************************************

If it weren’t for + N / V-ing , would + V1

If it hadn't been for + N / V-ing , would have + P.P

*************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 175

 ♣ Extra Points
‫خ‬٠‫ ٔغزخذَ اٌذبٌخ اٌصفش‬always / usually / often ً‫ػ ِض‬١‫ اٌّعبسع اٌجغ‬ٍٝ‫اة اٌششغ ػالِخ ػ‬ٛ‫ ج‬ٟ‫جذد ف‬ٚ ‫ إرا‬-1

- If I go to bed after midnight, I am always tired in the morning.

‫ع اٌذذس‬ٛ‫ل‬ٚ ‫ذ‬١‫خ رأو‬١‫ظ‬ٛ‫ ٌز‬when َ‫ٔغزخذ‬ٚ ‫ع اٌذذس‬ٛ‫ل‬ٚ ‫خ ادزّبي‬١‫ظ‬ٛ‫ ٌز‬if َ‫ ٔغزخذ‬-2

- If Samy calls, tell him I'll be back in ten minutes. ) ِٟ‫زصً عب‬٠ ‫( سثّب‬

- When Samy calls, tell him I'll be back in ten minutes. ) ً‫زص‬١‫ ع‬ِٟ‫( ِٓ اٌّؤوذ أْ عب‬

‫خ‬٠‫ اٌذبٌخ اٌصفش‬ٟ‫ٓ اٌغؤاي ف‬٠ٛ‫ ال دع رى‬-3

- What do you do if you feel tired ?

ٌٝٚ‫ اٌذبٌخ األ‬ٟ‫ٓ اٌغؤاي ف‬٠ٛ‫ ال دع رى‬-4

- What will you do if you have a day off tomorrow ?

‫خ‬١ٔ‫ اٌذبٌخ اٌضب‬ٟ‫ٓ اٌغؤاي ف‬٠ٛ‫ ال دع رى‬-5

- What would you do if you won a lot of money ?

‫ اٌذبٌخ اٌضبٌضخ‬ٟ‫ٓ اٌغؤاي ف‬٠ٛ‫ ال دع رى‬-6

- What would you have done if you had been a millionaire ?

‫ػ‬١‫ ثغ‬ٟ‫ٓ ِبظ‬١‫ْ اٌجٍّز‬ٛ‫ى‬٠ ْ‫ّىٓ أ‬٠ ٟ‫ اٌّبظ‬ٟ‫ش ػٓ ػبدٖ صبثزخ ف‬٠‫ ػٕذ اٌذذ‬-7

- If he saw his mother , he kissed her hands . ) ‫شا٘ب‬٠ ْ‫اٌذرٗ عٕذِب وب‬ٚ ‫ذ‬٠ ً‫ُمج‬٠ ْ‫( وبْ ِعزبد أ‬

‫خ‬١ٌٕ‫ ا‬ٍٝ‫ داي ػ‬ٕٝ‫ إرا وبْ اٌّؼ‬will ْ‫ ِىب‬going to َ‫ّىٓ اعزخذا‬٠ -8

- If I save enough money, I'm going to buy a car.

‫ش ػٓ االعزطبػخ‬١‫ جٍّخ فؼً اٌششغ ٌٍزؼج‬ٟ‫ ف‬can / could ً‫ ٔغزخذَ اٌفؼ‬-9

- If she can speak English, she will get the job.

- If I could run faster, I might win the race.

If ‫ اٌزبَ اٌّغزّش ثؼذ‬ٚ‫ اٌزبَ أ‬ٚ‫ّىٓ اعزخذاَ اٌّعبسع اٌّغزّش أ‬٠ -10

- If you've finished with the computer, I'll put it away.

‫ ٌٍطٍت‬ٌٝٚ‫ اٌذبٌخ األ‬ٟ‫ ف‬if ‫' ثؼذ‬d like to َ‫ّىٓ اعزخذا‬٠ -11

- If you'd like to come, the doctor will see you now.

If you please ٕٝ‫ ِؼ‬ٞٚ‫رغب‬ٚ ‫زة‬ٌّٙ‫ش ػٓ اٌطٍت ا‬١‫ جٍّخ فؼً اٌششغ ٌٍزؼج‬ٟ‫ ف‬will َ‫ّىٓ اعزخذا‬٠ -12

- If you will call me later, I will be able to give you an answer.

Miss. Manar Saad 176
 ‫خ‬١ٔ‫ اٌذبٌخ اٌضب‬ٟ‫ اٌّغزّش ف‬ٟ‫ّىٓ اعزخذاَ اٌّبظ‬٠ -13

- If Rasha were playing music, it wouldn't be quiet in here.

if ‫خ ثؼذ‬١‫ الدع اعزخذاَ اٌغجج‬-14

- If she had her ticket booked, she would travel.

- If she had had her ticket booked, she would have traveled.

if ‫شاد الخزصبس جٍّخ‬١‫ الدع اعزخذاَ ٘زٖ اٌزؼج‬-15

If necessary ٞ‫س‬ٚ‫ ظش‬ٌٛ / If so ‫ وبْ وزٌه‬ٌٛ / If possible ٓ‫ ِّى‬ٌٛ / If in doubt ‫ وٕذ شبوه‬ٌٛ / Even if ٌٛ ٝ‫ دز‬/

What if ٌٛ ‫ ِبرا‬/ Except if ‫إال إرا‬

- If in doubt, consult a dictionary. ‫ط‬ِٛ‫ اٌمب‬ٟ‫ حبٌخ شه اثحش ف‬ٟ‫ ف‬ٌٛ

- I'd like a seat by the window if possible. ٓ‫ أِى‬ٌٛ ‫اس إٌبفزح‬ٛ‫ذ ِمعذ ثج‬٠‫أس‬

- If necessary , you can call Judy at home. ‫ إٌّضي‬ٟ‫ ف‬ٞ‫د‬ٛ‫ّىٕه االرصبي ثج‬٠ ٞ‫س‬ٚ‫ األِش ظش‬ٌٛ

- Even if you apologize , he will never forgive you. ‫غبِحه‬٠ ٍٓ‫ اعززسد ف‬ٌٛ ٝ‫حز‬

- You will be late for school except if you leave now. ْ٢‫ف رزأخش عٓ اٌّذسعخ إال إرا غبدسد ا‬ٛ‫ع‬

- A: I'll take Dad's car tomorrow night . B: What if he needs it ? ‫ب ؟‬ٌٙ ‫ حبجخ‬ٟ‫ وبْ ف‬ٌٛ ‫ِبرا‬

َ‫اإلٌضا‬ٚ ‫ة‬ٛ‫ج‬ٌٍٛ ‫اة اٌششغ‬ٛ‫ ج‬ٟ‫ ف‬have to / has to / will have to َ‫ّىٓ اعزخذا‬٠ -16

- If you lose your credit card, you have to ring the bank.

ٌٝٚ‫ اٌذبٌخ األ‬ٟ‫اة اٌششغ ف‬ٛ‫ ج‬ٟ‫ ف‬It's + adj َ‫ّىٓ اعزخذا‬٠ -17

- It's possible to make mistakes if you are learning something new.

- If you don't know how to drive, it's necessary to apply to get a licence.

ٗ‫ص‬ٚ‫ء ِّىٓ دذ‬ٟ‫ش ػٓ ش‬١‫ ٌٍزؼج‬if + S + should َ‫ّىٓ اعزخذا‬٠ -18

- If father should call, tell him I will be late.

in case ‫ اٌجٍّخ ثؼذ‬ٟ‫ ف‬should َ‫ّىٓ اعزخذا‬٠ -19

- I'll buy some sandwiches in case I should feel hungry.

V-ing ٚ‫ ثؼذٖ اعُ أ‬ٟ‫أر‬٠ٚ If ِٓ ً‫ف اٌجش ثذال‬ٚ‫ّىٓ اعزخذاَ دش‬٠ -20

- By coming first, you will be honoured.

- With enough money, you will be able to buy a newer car.

************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 177

 ♣ Mixed Conditional ♣

*************************************************************************************

A friend in need is a friend

indeed

‫ك‬١‫لذ اٌع‬ٚ ‫ك‬٠‫اٌصذ‬

Miss. Manar Saad 178

 ♣ Advanced exercises for toppers ♣
( Gem / Senior / Moasser / My friend )

1- ( If – Unless – Should – Providing ) it rain heavily , I'd stay indoors .

2- If I had my car ( fixing – to fix – fix – fixed ) , I would travel to Alex .

3- If the mobile cost a lot of money, I ( will – would – would have – had ) buy it .

4- He'll be sent to jail if he ( catches – caught – was caught – is caught ) in the act .

5- ( Unless – If – Without – Provided ) having more rain soon , the plants might all die .

6- ( Were – Should – Unless – Had ) you have any problem , give me a ring immediately .

7- If your son beat my dog, I ( will punish – would punish – would have punished – punish ).

8- ( If – In case of – Unless – Without ) swimming is useful , I will join a sports club to do it .

9- If you get wet , you ( will – should – would – might have ) change your clothes immediately .

10- If I had to give up something , I ( 'd have given – would give – will give – give ) up smoking .

11- If I found a company in our district , I ( will – would – might – should ) employ a lot of youth .

12- If the money I had , ( had been – been – has been – had ) enough , I would have sent you . ‫ع‬.‫س‬

13- If I had my hair cut , I ( would have taken – would take – wouldn't have taken ) a shower at once .

14- Had he been more careful, he (wouldn't get – will get – wouldn't have got – would have got) low marks.

15- If I ( study – studied – had studied – would study ) harder at my first school, I'd have a better job now .

16- If you don’t mind, I (would – would have – would like – would rather) finish my coffee before we leave.

17- He would have baked beans if he (had – had had – hadn’t had – didn't have) his lunch prepared at home.

18- Some of you may have already completed section one . ( If so – If you do – If you may – If not ) ,

you can go on to section two .

*************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 179

 ) 2022 to 2011 ( ‫ في امتحانات الثانوية العامة‬If ‫جميع األسئلة الواردة على قاعدة‬
1- Choose the correct answer :
1- ( If – As – When – Unless ) you work harder, you'll fail your exam.

2- ( If – Unless – Should – Providing ) it rain heavily, I'd stay indoors .

3- Should she ( had – has – have – had had ) money, she'd travel abroad.

4- ( Had – Were – If - Unless ) he a proper plan, he wouldn't waste his time.

5- If you can't dictate your conditions, you ( will – should – need – ought ) negotiate.

6- If our heart stops working, death soon ( follow - will follow – follows - followed ).

7- If you had come five minutes later, I ( would leave – would have left – leave – will leave ).

8- ( If it didn’t stop – Unless it stops – Should it stop ) raining, we won't be able to finish the game.

9- I always ( will get – got – am getting – get ) a severe headache if I spend much time on the computer.

10- Unless he ( has helped – had helped – helped – helps ) me, I wouldn't have been able to finish the

work quickly and accurately.

11- If he hadn't helped me with some money, I (wouldn't be – wouldn't have been – would have been –

will be ) able to buy a new flat.

12- If Mona had come ten minutes earlier, she ( would meet – would have met – will meet – meets ) her boss.

13- Had he been more careful, he ( wouldn't get – will get – wouldn't have got – would have got ) low marks.

14- Had it rained so heavily, we (wouldn’t have had – would have – would have had –may have ) floods.

*************************************************************************************

‫م‬

Like father , like son ‫٘زا اٌشجً ِٓ ران األعذ‬

Miss. Manar Saad 180

 ♣ Grammar exercises (1) ♣
1- Choose the correct answer :
1- If I eat too much, I ( will feel – feel ) sick.

2- If water ( cools – is cooled ) to 0C, it freezes.

3- If it rains, streets ( will become – become ) wet.

4- If we mix white and red, we ( will get – get ) pink.

5- If I read for too long, I ( will get – get ) a headache.

6- If you work hard, you ( will do – do ) well in the test.

7- If you work hard, you ( will do – do ) better at school.

8- If you practise a sport, you ( will get – get ) better at it.

9- If it rains tonight, streets ( will become – become ) wet.

10- If the report is complete, you ( may – will ) leave now.

11- If goats eat the bark on a tree, the tree ( will die – dies ).

12- If this piece of ice is heated, it ( will turn – turns ) into water.

13- If our heart stops working, death soon ( will follow – follows ).

14- If those goats eat the bark on a tree, the tree ( will die – dies ).

15- If it rains, the streets of our town ( will become – become ) wet.

16- If the wind is very strong, it ( will blow - blows ) trees down. (WB)

17- If you regularly water a tree, it ( will grow – grows ) better. (Booklet2017)

18- If the plants on our farm get very thirsty, we ( will irrigate – irrigate ) them.

19- If you meet Hany, ( will give – would give – give – giving ) him this book.

20- If I ( have had – had – had had – has had ) time, I'd have my holiday in London.

21- If the farmer's fields get dry this summer, he ( will irrigate – irrigates ) them. (SB)

22- If there is a sandstorm tonight, the town ( will be – is ) full of sand tomorrow. (SB)

*************************************************************************************
Miss. Manar Saad 181
 ♣ Grammar exercises (2) ♣
1- Choose the correct answer :
1- ( Was – Did – Has – Does ) it go dark if an eclipse happens ?

2- Ice turns into water if it ( is – was – had been – will ) left in the sun.

3- ( Unless – If – Were – Was ) I a plumber, I would mend the burst pipe.

4- If you ( will wear – had worn – wear – wore ) a hat, your face wont get burnt.

5- ( Unless – Were – Would – If ) we to eat too much fats, we would become fat.

6- She will be honoured ( although – unless – in case of – if ) getting the best marks .

7- ( Had - Were – Would – Will ) you send me a postcard if you travelled to Paris ?

8- Were they to practice hard, they ( would have – would – can – will ) win the game.

9- If you ( looks – look – had looked – looked ) at the sun, you will damage your sight.

10- If solar eclipse ( occurred – had occurred – occurs – will occur ), it becomes dark.

11- ( If – But for – Unless – Were ) he gets permission, he can't join the school journey.

12- If it ( had been – was – has been – were ) an eclipse, the sky would have gone dark.

13- ( Unless – As long as – If – Without ) your help, I wouldn’t be able to do it properly.

14- They wont be allowed to watch the film( in case of – without – if – unless )having tickets.

15- ( If – If it weren’t for – Unless – If it hadn’t been for ) hard work, they wouldn’t get the prize.

16- ( Only if – Unless – Without – In case of ) we ban the hunting of whales, they won't die out.

17- ( Were you to travel – If you travel – If you had travelled ) abroad, you would need a visa.

18- What will happen if the storm ( was reached – reaches – had reached – reached ) our area ?

19- ( If – Without – In case of – Unless ) your warning, I would have fallen into the same trap as you.

20- ( But for – Were – Should – had ) he been tall enough, he would have joined the basketball team.

21- If scientists discovered a new planet, they ( would have – may – would – will ) give it a new name.

22- We ( watched – would watch – would have watched – will watch ) the film if it was shown on TV.

23- If it is warm and sunny tomorrow, I ( will go – would go – would have gone – was going )swimming.

************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 182

 ♣ Grammar exercises (3) ♣

Miss. Manar Saad 183

Miss. Manar Saad 184
Miss. Manar Saad 185
 ‫بنك األسئلة‬
‫املزيد من التدريبات على‬
IF

- A1 Treasure ( 65 choice )

Miss. Manar Saad 186

Miss. Manar Saad 187
Miss. Manar Saad 188
************************************************************************
Miss. Manar Saad 189
 ♠ Definite & Indefinite Articles ♠
‫أدوات التطريف والنكرة‬

:‫تلؿكدممأداةماظؿعرؼفم”أل“مضؾل‬

the River Nile / the sun / the moon / the sky /

‫ضؾلماألذقاءماظوحقدةماظػرؼدةمعنمغوسفا‬
the Ka’aba / the earth / the world / the Eiffel Tower

‫ضؾلمأمساءماألغفارموماظؾقارموماحملقطات‬ The Arabian Gulf / the Suez Canal / the Pacific

Ocean / The Red Sea / the Dead Sea
‫ضؾلماالدمماظذيمؼؽونمعػعولمبهمجلؿؾة‬ Omar answered the question.
‫ضؾلمأمساءماآلالتمادلودقؼقة‬ the duff / flute / violin / piano / guitar / drums

‫ضؾلمبعضماظؿعؾرياتماظداظةمسؾىماظوضت‬ at the weekend / in the evening / in the afternoon

‫ععماظؿوارؼخ‬ On the first day of every month.

Listen to the radio/news.
‫ععمبعضماظؿعؾرياتماظعاعة‬
Go to the market/desert.
‫ععماالدمماظذيمؼذطرمظؾؿرةماظـاغقة م‬ I saw a man. The man was young.
The Alps / The Himalayas / The Andes
‫ععمدالدلماجلؾالمواظؿاللماجلؿعمصؼط م‬
the ْٚ‫ ثذ‬Everest : ْ‫ٌىٓ الحع أ‬ٚ
The United Kingdom / the Arab Republic of Egypt
‫م)مأوماخؿصاراتفام م‬united / of‫ضؾلمأمساءماظدولمادلرطؾةم(م‬
/ the Sudan / the Congo / the Netherlands / the USA
‫ضؾلمادلكرتساتمواالطؿشاصات م‬ The telephone / the computer / the internet
‫سـدعامغؿقدثمسنمصصقؾةمحقوانمبصػةمساعة م‬ The giraffe is found in Africa.
‫ععمصقغةماظؿػضقلماظؼصوى م‬ The oldest / the least / the most
‫سـدعامغؼصدمصؽرةمساعةمسنمذيءمعا م‬ I like living in the countryside .
‫ضؾلماظػـادقموادلؿاحفموادلؤدلاتمادلشفورة م‬ The Hilton / the opera / the National Bank
‫ضؾلماظؽؿبمادلؼددةموأمساءماظصقف م‬ The Quran / the bible / the Times
‫ممممممممممممضؾلمصػاتماظـوعمظؿؽونمادممذيعمميـلمرؾؼةمعنماظـاس م‬ The poor / the rich / the young / the old
The people in my street are very nice.
‫ظؾؿكصقصمواظؿقدؼد م‬
The boy who sits in the first row is very clever.
‫ضؾلمأجزاءماجللمماظؾشريموأجزاءماظزعنمواظقوم م‬ the head / the brain / the future / in the morning
‫ضؾلماظلقـؿاموادللرحمواإلذاسةمواالغرتغت م‬ the cinema / the Metro cinema / the internet

where / when‫بعدم‬ Where is the station / the bank ?

When does the train arrive ?
the government / the police / the United Nations
‫ععمأمساءماهلقؽاتموادلـظؿاتموادلـاخ م‬
/ the climate / the weather / the army
‫ععمبعضماظؽؾؿاتماظيتمتػقدماظرتتقب م‬ first / second / third / only / last

Miss. Manar Saad 190

 :‫المتلؿكدممأداةماظؿعرؼفم”أل“مأومأيمأداهمضؾل‬

‫المتلؿكدممأيمأداةمععمأمساءمادلوادماظدرادقة‬ I do not like science / maths / art / music .

‫المتلؿكدممأيمأداةمععمأمساءمععقـةمعـلماألؼامموماظشفور‬ on Monday, in June
‫المتلؿكدممضؾلمأمساءماظوجؾاتمواألرعؿةمواظشراب م‬ breakfast / lunch / supper / snack / milk / meat
‫المتلؿكدممععمأمساءمادلدنمواظؼاراتمواظدول م‬ Cairo / London / Africa / Egypt
‫المتلؿكدممععماظؾغات م‬ Arabic / Spanish / French / English
‫المتلؿكدممععماألظعابماظرؼاضقةمواألغشطة م‬ reading / swimming / tennis / football
‫المتلؿكدممضؾلماألظؼابمادلؿؾوسةمبادممسؾم م‬ President Nasser / King Fahd / Doctor Ali
‫المتلؿكدممععماألمساءمادلعـوؼة م‬ happiness / democracy / life / love / beauty
‫المتلؿكدممععماظصػاتمعنماالجتاػاتماألصؾقة م‬ Northern / southern / eastern
We go to school by bus (or) on the bus .
in / on‫المتلؿكدممضؾلمودائلمادلواصالتمإالمإذامدؾؼتمبـمم‬
We travelled by car (or) in the car .
Women usually live longer than men .
‫المتلؿكدممععماألمساءماجلؿعماظيتمتعدمواظيتمتشريمإديمادؿكداممسام م‬
Trees don’t grow without water .
Ramses Square / Cairo University /
‫المتلؿكدممععمأمساءمادلقادؼنماظعاعةمأومأمساءماجلاععاتمأوماظؽؾاري م‬
Tahrir Street / 6th October Bridge
‫المتلؿكدممععمادلوادماخلام م‬ glass / wood / silver / copper / gold
‫المتلؿكدممضؾلمصصولماظلـة م‬ Summer / autumn / winter / spring
‫ممبعـىمعؽانماظعؿل م‬work‫المتلؿكدممضؾلمطؾؿةم‬ He arrives at work at eight o'clock .
lake / mountain‫المتلؿكدممضؾلمػذهماظؽؾؿاتم‬ Lake Victoria / Mount Everest
I watch TV every day .
TV‫المتلؿكدممععمطؾؿةم‬
(but) I put the book on the TV .
‫مععمػذهماظؽؾؿات م‬to / the‫مالمتلؾقمبـم‬home‫طؾؿةم‬ Go / return / reach / come / arrive home
‫ضؾلماألعاطنماآلتقةمإالمإذامطانماظذػابمإظقفامظؾغرضماظذيمممأغشؽتمعنم‬ School / bed / hospital / prison / court / college /
‫أجؾهموتلؿكدممألشراضمأخرى م‬ mosque / church

 He went to hospital . ( as a patient ) . He went to the hospital . ( as a visitor )

 He went to school . ( a student ) . He went to the school . ( a visitor )
 He went to prison . ( a criminal ) . He went to the prison . ( a visitor )

Cleanliness is near to godliness

ْ‫ّب‬٠‫إٌظبفخ ِٓ اإل‬

Miss. Manar Saad 191

 ‫‪a / an‬‬
‫غضعممم‪a‬مممضؾلماالدممادلػردماظذيمؼُعدمواظذيمؼؾدأمبصوتمحبرفمداطنمومغضعممم‪an‬مممضؾلماالدممادلػردماظذيمؼُعدمواظذيمؼؾدأمبصوتمحبرفمعؿقرك م‬

‫‪We use a/an:‬‬

‫ضؾلماألمساءمادلػردةمادلعدودة‬ ‫‪a table / an egg‬‬

‫ضؾلماظوزقػةم‬ ‫‪Saleh is a doctor.‬‬
‫ععماألرضامماظيتمتعينم”طل“‬ ‫‪He washes his hands ten times a day.‬‬
‫ضؾلماظصػةماظيتمتؿؾعمبادممعػرد م‬ ‫‪She is a clever girl.‬‬
‫ضؾلماجلـلقةمإذامأُتؾعتمبإدم م‬ ‫‪She is an English woman.‬‬
‫ظإلذارةماديماالدمماظـؽرةماظذيمؼُذطرمألولمعرة م‬ ‫‪I saw a boy with his two sisters.‬‬
‫غلؿكدمم ‪a‬ممضؾلمػذهماظؽؾؿات م‬ ‫‪a hundred - a thousand - a million - a half - a fifth‬‬
‫ضؾلمتعؾرياتماظؿفزئة م‬ ‫‪a kilo of rice / a packet of biscuits‬‬
‫ععمأدؾوبماظؿعفب م‬ ‫!‪What a cute girl! / What an exciting film‬‬

‫‪Take care :‬‬

‫‪an honest man - an hour‬‬
‫‪a university - a uniform - a European - a useful book- a unit - a one-eyed man‬‬
‫*************************************************************************************‬

‫‪Strike while the iron is hot‬‬ ‫اظشة اٌذذ‪٠‬ذ ‪ ٛ٘ٚ‬عخٓ‬

‫‪Miss. Manar Saad‬‬ ‫‪192‬‬

 ♣ Exercises on Definite & Indefinite Articles (1) ♣
1- Choose the correct answer :
1- Vegetarians don’t eat (a – an – the – no article) meat.

2- My uncle plays (a – an – the – no article) tennis well.

3- What (a – an – the – no article) useful book I have read!

4- (a – an – the – no article) Chemistry is a difficult subject.

5- I think he plays (a – an – the – no article) guitar very well.

6- Don’t spend all (a – an – the – no article) money you have.

7- The criminal was taken to (a – an – the – no article) prison.

8- (A – An – The – no article) teachers at my school work very hard.

9- I went to the grocer's to get (a – an – the – no article) packet of sugar.

10- Carpenters use (a – an – the – no article) glass and wood to make windows.

11- I went shopping and bought (a – an – the – no article) computer for my son.

12- My uncle, who is (a – an – the – no article) architect, is working on this hotel.

13- I saw a man coming. (A – An – The – no article) man took a book off the shelf.

14- The interviewer asked (a – an – the – no article) Professor Zewail about his work.

15- My brother found (a – an – the – no article) mobile phone in the playground yesterday.

16- In today's programme, we talk about (a – an – the – no article) brave man named John.

17- (A – An – The – no article) policeman usually wears (a – an – the – no article) uniform.

18- After (a – an – the – no article) sun went down, (a – an – the – no article) moon came up.

19- (A – An – The – no article) intelligence is important for (a – an – the – no article) success.

20- (A – An – The – No article) reason I was successful was because my parents encouraged me.

21- (A – An – The – no article) Money doesn’t always bring (a – an – the – no article) happiness.

22- I think (a – an – the – no article) education is something all (a – an – the – no article) children should value.

23- It was (a – an – the – no article) happy party, but we could only stay for half (a – an – the – no article) hour.

24- He said that (a – an – the – no article) subject he enjoyed most at school was (a – an – the – no article) Science.

*************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 193

 ♣ Exercises on Definite & Indefinite Articles (2) ♣

Miss. Manar Saad 194

*************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 195

 ♣ Subject – verb agreement : Special cases ♣
countable nouns ‫ رؼذ‬ٟ‫☺ األعّبء اٌز‬
: ‫ب جّغ‬ٌٙٚ ‫ب ِفشد‬ٌٙ ‫ رؼذ‬ٟ‫* األعّبء اٌز‬
a car : cars a novel : novels a box : boxes
: ‫ رؼذ‬ٟ‫ ِغ اٌىٍّبد اٌز‬a / an / the / one ‫* رغزخذَ اٌىٍّبد‬
 He wrote a novel.
 I've just seen an accident.
 I read three novels last week.
 Where's the book I lent you ?
 There are 60 seconds in one minute.
: ‫ رؼذ‬ٟ‫خ ِغ اٌىٍّبد اٌز‬١‫ر‬٢‫* رغزخذَ اٌىٍّبد ا‬
many – How many – two – three - few
 There aren’t many cars on the road this morning.
 There are six CDs and four DVDs on the table.
: ‫خ‬١ّ‫ و‬ٚ‫ا ًء ػذد أ‬ٛ‫ اٌغؤاي ع‬ٚ‫خ أ‬١‫ اٌجٍّخ إٌّف‬ٟ‫ ف‬any َ‫* رغزخذ‬
 Is there any milk in the fridge ?
 There weren’t any apples.
 There wasn’t any milk.
: ‫ اٌغؤاي‬ٟ‫بٔب ً ف‬١‫أد‬ٚ ‫خ‬١ّ‫ و‬ٚ‫ا ًء ػذد أ‬ٛ‫ اٌجٍّخ اٌّضجزخ ع‬ٟ‫ ف‬some َ‫* رغزخذ‬
 I need some sugar in my tea.
 Some children are having a picnic in the park.
 Would you like to have some orange juice or tea ?

uncountable nouns ‫ ال رؼذ‬ٟ‫☺ األعّبء اٌز‬

: ً‫ جّغ ِض‬ٌٝ‫ي إ‬ٛ‫ذ‬٠ ‫ال‬ٚ ‫ اٌّفشد‬ٟ‫ ف‬an ٚ‫ أ‬a ‫أخز‬٠ ‫ال‬ٚ ٖ‫ّىٓ ػذ‬٠ ‫ ال‬ٞ‫ اإلعُ اٌز‬ٛ٘ ‫ؼذ‬٠ ‫ ال‬ٞ‫* اإلعُ اٌز‬
information , luggage , baggage , bread , music , money , water ……
: ً‫ؼذ ِض‬٠ ‫ ال‬ٞ‫خ أِبَ اإلعُ اٌز‬١ّ‫ اٌى‬ٍٝ‫ رذي ػ‬ٟ‫ّىٓ اعزخذاَ اٌىٍّبد اٌز‬٠ *
a little – much – How much
 How much sugar do you need in your tea ?
: ‫خ‬١ّ‫ و‬ٚ‫ا ًء ػذد أ‬ٛ‫خ ع‬١ِ‫ب‬ٙ‫االعزف‬ٚ ‫ اٌجٍّخ اٌّضجزخ‬ٟ‫ ف‬a lot of َ‫* رغزخذ‬
 I have got a lot of friends.
 I haven’t got many friends.
 I have got a lot of information.
 I haven’t got much information.

Miss. Manar Saad 196

 : ‫أخز فؼً ِفشد‬٠ ‫ؼذ‬٠ ‫ ال‬ٞ‫* اإلعُ اٌز‬
 All the information is true .
: ًّ‫ ال رؼذ رش‬ٟ‫* األعّبء اٌز‬
abstract nouns ‫ األعّبء اٌّجشدح‬-1
pride , help , homework , courage , beauty , work , hope , knowledge , honesty , pity , luck
, freedom , advice , experience , patience , confidence , peace , poverty , love , hatred ,
progress , enjoyment , fear , sorrow , fun , sadness , weather
َ‫جٗ عب‬ٛ‫اد عٕذِب رغزخذَ ث‬ٌّٛ‫ أعّبء ا‬-2
gold , iron , silver , wood , paper , glass , tea
: ً‫ ِث‬ٜ‫ أعّبء أخش‬-3
traffic , furniture , machinery , money , electricity , clothing , jewellery , behaviour ,
accommodation , rubbish , chocolate , macaroni , rice , cheese , news , information ,
damage , bread , soap , mud , thunder, luggage , baggage , petrol ,
ً‫ائ‬ٛ‫اٌغ‬ٚ ‫ججبد‬ٌٛ‫ا‬ٚ ‫خ‬١‫اد اٌذساع‬ٌّٛ‫ا‬ٚ ‫اٌٍغبد‬
: ً‫ب رغزخذَ ِغ أفؼبي ِفشد ِض‬ٕٙ‫ٌى‬ٚ ً ‫ جّؼب‬ٚ‫اٌّجبٌغ رجذ‬ٚ ‫بد‬١ّ‫* اٌى‬
seven thousand pounds / forty litres of petrol / thirty kilometres / twenty minutes
 Forty litres of petrol fills my car.
 Two hours is a long time to wait.
 Ten million pounds is a lot of money.
 Fifty degrees is a very high temperature.
 Forty minutes was a long time to wait for the bus.
 Five kilometres is a long way to walk if you're carrying a heavy bag.
: ‫ اٌّفشد‬ٟ‫ ) رغزخذَ دائّب ً ِغ أفؼبي ف‬s ( ‫ ثـ‬ٟٙ‫ رٕز‬ٟ‫* ثؼط األعّبء اٌز‬
athletics , politics , gymnastics , mathematics , maths , news , economics , statistics ,
physics , genetics , classics , electronics , cards , measles
 Athletics is my favourite sport.
 Physics is her favourite subject.
: ‫* وٍّبد رأخز دائّب ً جّغ‬
the police , people , clothes , goods , cattle ‫خ‬١‫ ِبش‬, arms ‫ أعٍحخ‬, troops ‫اد‬ٛ‫ ل‬, remains ‫ب‬٠‫ثمب‬
 The police are looking for two terrorists.
: ً‫ٓ رأخز جّغ ِض‬٠‫ٔخ ِٓ جضأ‬ٛ‫بء اٌّى‬١‫* أعّبء األش‬
gloves , scissors , trousers , shoes , socks , glasses
: ‫ رأخز ِفشد‬a pair of َ‫ٌىٓ ػٕذ اعزخذا‬ٚ *
 His trousers are dirty.
Miss. Manar Saad 197
  A pair of socks doesn’t cost much money.

: ٟ‫ر‬٢‫رٌه وب‬ٚ ‫ أعّبء رؼذ‬ٌٝ‫خ ) إ‬١ّ‫ ال رؼذ ( و‬ٟ‫ً األعّبء اٌز‬٠ٛ‫ّىٓ رذ‬٠ *
‫ وأٌفبظ رجضئخ‬bit / piece َ‫ ثبعزخذا‬-1
a piece of advice , a piece of information
 I'd like 3 pieces of cloth .
: ً‫ذ ًا ِث‬٠‫خ أوثش رحذ‬١ّ‫ و‬ٌٝ‫ش إ‬١‫ ثبعزخذاَ أٌفبظ رجضئخ ٌزش‬-2
a loaf of bread , a jar of jam , a bar of soap , a sheet of paper , a cup of coffee , a tube of
toothpaste , a glass of lemonade , a bottle of milk , a slice of cake , a slice of cheese ....

ٕٝ‫ ال رؼذ دغت اٌّؼ‬ٚ‫ّىٓ أْ رؼذ أ‬٠ ‫* أعّبء‬

‫كمية‬ ‫عدد‬
light ‫الضوء‬ a light ‫لمبة‬
iron ‫حديد‬ an iron ‫مكواة‬
experience ‫خبرة‬ an experience ‫تجربة في الحياة‬
orange ‫لون برتقالي‬ an orange ‫برتقالة‬
cold ‫البرد عامة‬ a cold ‫نزلة برد‬
time ‫وقت‬ times ‫مرات‬
glass ‫زجاج‬ a glass ‫كوب‬
paper ‫ورق‬ a paper ‫جريدة‬
coffee ‫القهوة‬ a coffee ‫فنجان قهوة‬
chicken ‫لحم الدجاج‬ a chicken ‫فرخة‬
 The sun gives us light.
 We need two lights in this room.
 I've got a bad cold.
 Don’t go out in the cold without a coat.
 Would you like a glass of water ?
 The window is made of unbreakable glass.
: ً‫اٌجّغ ِض‬ٚ ‫ب ِغ األفؼبي اٌّفشد‬ِٙ‫ّىٓ اعزخذا‬٠ ‫ػبد‬ّٛ‫ ِج‬ٌٝ‫ش إ‬١‫ رش‬ٟ‫* ِؼظُ األعّبء اٌز‬
team , committee , family , class , army , company , couple , crew , crowd , gang , group ,
navy , population , staff , university …..
 The Egyptian team is/are going to play in the finals.
‫ب صفخ‬ٍٙ‫ إرا جبءد لج‬a / an ٖ‫ب األدا‬ٙ‫ّىٓ أْ رغجم‬٠ ‫ ال رؼذ‬ٟ‫ ثؼط اٌىٍّبد اٌز‬: ‫* ِالدع ٘بِخ‬
 She had a good education.
 She completed her education in 1995.
 We usually have lunch at 2.
 We had a wonderful lunch at a big restaurant yesterday.
‫ ال رؼذ‬ٟ‫اٌز‬ٚ ‫ رؼذ‬ٟ‫ اإلصجبد ِغ اٌىٍّبد اٌز‬ٟ‫ رغزخذَ ف‬lots of / a lot of / plenty of ْ‫* الدع أ‬
 He bought a lot of sugar.
Miss. Manar Saad 198
  He needs plenty of books.
 He bought a lot of novels.
‫خ فمػ‬١ّ‫ ِغ اٌى‬a great deal of َ‫ٌىٓ رغزخذ‬ٚ *
 There's a great deal of money in the safe.
ٟ‫ذ إٌف‬١‫ رف‬hardly any = almost not ‫* اٌىٍّبد‬
 He has hardly any friends.
 She had almost no money.
‫ ال رؼذ إرا لصذٔب اٌشؼش ثصفخ ػبِخ‬hair ‫* وٍّخ‬
 His hair is black.
: ‫ي‬ٛ‫ّىٓ أْ ٔم‬٠ ٓ‫ٌى‬ٚ
 He found a hair in his plate of macaroni.
*************************************************************************************
♣ Take care
‫خ‬١‫ اٌجٍّخ إٌّف‬ٟ‫ ف‬many / much َ‫ّىٓ اعزخذا‬٠ -

 There aren’t many cars on the road this morning.

 We don’t have much time left.

ٟ‫ىف‬٠ٚ ‫ً ٌٍعذد‬١ٍ‫ ) ل‬a few ( ٟ‫ىف‬٠ ‫ال‬ٚ ‫ً ٌٍعذ‬١ٍ‫ ) ل‬few ) -

ٟ‫ىف‬٠ٚ ‫خ‬١ّ‫ً ٌٍى‬١ٍ‫ ) ل‬a little ( ٟ‫ىف‬٠ ‫ال‬ٚ ‫خ‬١ّ‫ً ٌٍى‬١ٍ‫ ) ل‬little ) -

 ) A few – Few ) members attended , so the meeting was cancelled.

 We have ( little – a little ) sugar , so we have to buy some .

 Do you want more water ? – No, thanks . I have ( little – a little ) . That's enough.

‫ اٌجّع‬ٟ‫ب فعً ف‬ٙ١ٍ٠ٚ ‫ ) اعُ جّع‬a number ( ‫ ثعذ‬ٟ‫أر‬٠ -

‫ اٌّفشد‬ٟ‫ب فعً ف‬ٙ١ٍ٠ٚ ‫ ) اعُ جّع‬the number ( ‫ ثعذ‬ٟ‫أر‬٠ -

 A number of cars have risen due to the bad economic depression.

 The number of homeless people has increased dramatically.

: ‫الحع‬ -

 How much coffee do you want ?

 How many coffees do you want ?
: ‫الحع‬ -

 My father works in a company. ‫ ششوخ‬ٟ‫عًّ ف‬٠ ٞ‫اٌذ‬ٚ

 My father has good company. ‫ذح‬١‫ٗ سفمخ ج‬٠‫ ٌذ‬ٞ‫اٌذ‬ٚ
*************************************************************************************
Miss. Manar Saad 199
 ♣ Grammar exercises ♣
1- Choose the correct answer :
1- Are there ( an – a – any – some ) biscuits left ?

2- Would you like (an – a – any – some ) cup of tea ?

3- I'm going to buy ( some – a few – one – lot of ) bread.

4- Can you give me ( an – some – many – one ) advice ?

5- Mathematics ( are – have – were – is ) a difficult subject.

6- The storm caused ( a few – many – a – a lot of ) damage.

7- How ( much – many – large – long ) people are there in the hall ?

8- This job doesn’t need ( a lot of – an – many – much ) experience.

9- I'd like ( a – an – some – many ) information about genetic engineering.

10- Physics ( are – is – were – have ) the most difficult subject in science.

11- Forty-fives degrees ( are – were – is – have ) a very high temperature.

12- Five hours ( were – have been – is – are ) a long time to wait for him.

13- We didn’t take ( some – many – much – little ) photographs yesterday.

14- I have to buy ( a few – a little – much – large ) things at the supermarket.

15- The police ( are looking – is looking – looks – has looked ) for the thieves.

16- There was hardly ( some – any – much – many ) at the cinema , it was empty.

17- All the money he has ( aren’t – isn’t – hasn’t – doesn’t ) enough to buy a car.

18- There are too ( many – much – little – a lot ) violent programmes on TV these days.

19- Grass (aren’t growing – haven’t grown – doesn’t grow – don’t grow ) in the desert.

20- I have got ( a few – a little – much – a lot ) minutes if you want to talk to me about it.

*************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 200

*************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 201

  Questions tags ‫األدئلظ المذيلظ‬
‫ػذاماظـوعمعنماألدؽؾةمؼطؾقمسؾقفاماألدؽؾةمادلذؼؾةموػيمتعادلم”أظقسمطذظك؟“مباظؾغةماظعربقة م‬
‫م م‬.‫*مأعامجوابمػذاماظلؤالمصقؿؾعماجلؿؾةمعنمحقثماإلثؾاتمأوماظـػيمأيمخياظفماظلؤال‬
 Examples :
1- He is an engineer , isn’t he ?
2- She's left early , hasn’t she ?
3- They haven’t been here , have they ?
4- You have a new car , don’t you ?
5- Mona has lots of clothes , doesn’t she ?
6- They can drive well , can't they ?
7- He had his lunch early , didn’t he ?
‫ م‬Special Cases‫م‬:‫حاالتمخاصةم‬

1- Everyone / Everybody / Someone / Somebody / No one / Nobody / Anybody

‫م) م‬they (‫تعاعلمػذهماظؽؾؿاتمععاعؾةماجلؿعمأيمتلؿؾدلمباظضؿريم‬

 Everyone is friendly to me , aren’t they ?

 No one knows the answer , do they ?
2- Everything / Nothing
‫م) م‬it‫تعاعلمععاعؾةماملػردمأيمتلؿؾدلمباظضؿريم(م‬

 Everything is in order , isn’t it ?

 Nothing changes my mind , does it ?
3- Hardly / rarely / scarcely / barely / never / no longer
‫ػذهماظؽؾؿاتمتعربمسنماظـػيمأيمؼصؾحماظلؤالماملذؼلمعـؾت م‬

 He rarely visits us , does he ?

 They no longer play tennis , do they ?
4- Let's ( suggestion ) = shall we ?
Let us ( permission ) = will you ?
 Let's go swimming , shall we ?
 Let us leave , will you ?
5- I'd rather ( would rather )
I'd better ( had better )
 I'd rather stay at home , wouldn’t I ?
 I'd better leave early , hadn’t I ?

Miss. Manar Saad 202

 6- I'm = aren’t I ?
I'm not = am I ?
 I'm a teacher of English , aren’t I ?
 I'm not coming with you , am I ?
7-
 Open the window , will you / won't you ?
 Don’t play with matches , will you ?
8- This / That ‫( تلؿؾدلمباظضؿريم‬it)

These / Those ‫( تلؿؾدلمباظضؿريم‬they)

There is / are ‫( تؾؼىمطؿامػيم‬there)

 This is my house , isn’t it ?

 These are our friends , aren’t they ?
 There is not any food , is there ?
9- Needn't / Daren't ‫تعاعلمععاعؾةماألصعالماظـاضصة‬

 We needn't take a taxi , need we ?

 You daren't tell him , dare you ?
10- ‫مجيبمعراساةماخؿصاراتماألصعالمادللاسدةماظؿاظقة‬

- will = won't
- shall = shan't
- can = can't
11- ‫الحظمادؿكداممصعلمميؾكمطػعلمرئقليمأومعلاسدميفماجلؿلماآلتقة‬

 He has a car , doesn’t he ?

 They have a big house , don’t they ?
 He has sold his flat , hasn’t he ?
 We haven’t watched the match , have we ?
*************************************************************************************

Let sleeping dogs lie ‫ب‬ٙ‫مظ‬٠‫اٌفزٕٗ ٔبئّخ ٌؼٓ ِٓ أ‬

‫م‬

Miss. Manar Saad 203

* The Summary
1- He's a boy , isn’t he ? 2- He's got a car , hasn’t he ?

3- He's finished his work , hasn’t he ? 4- Tea is too hot to drink , isn’t it ?

5- Everyone is friendly to me , aren’t they ? 6- No one knows the answer , do they ?

7- Everything is in order , isn’t it ? 8- Nothing changes my mind , does it ?

9- He rarely visits us , does he ? 10- They no longer play tennis , do they ?

11- Let's go swimming , shall we ? 12- Let us leave , will you ?

13- I'd rather stay at home , wouldn’t I ? 14- I'd better leave early , hadn’t I ?

15- I'm a teacher of English , aren’t I ? 16- I'm not coming with you , am I ?

17- Open the window , will you / won't you ? 18- Don’t play with matches , will you ?

19- This is my house , isn’t it ? 20- These are our friends , aren’t they ?

21- There is not any food , is there ? 22- We needn't take a taxi , need we ?

23- I think Manar is late, isn’t she ? 24- Omar thinks that he is right, doesn’t he ?

25- You daren't tell him , dare you ? 26- You ought to be here in time, oughtn’t you ?

*************************************************************************************

♣ Grammar exercises ♣
1- Choose the correct answer :
1- I don’t know French , ( am I – do I – do you – are you ) ?
2- Let us go , ( shall we – shan't we – won't you – do you ) ?
3- I had a bath , ( hadn’t I – hadn’t you – didn’t I – didn’t you ) ?
4- She can't read , ( isn’t she – doesn’t she – can she – can't she ) ?
5- No one came early , ( didn’t he – didn’t they – did he – did they ) ?
6- He's gone abroad , ( isn’t he – hasn’t he – doesn’t he – won't he ) ?
7- I'm playing the piano , ( don’t I – aren’t I – don't you – aren’t you ) ?
8- This car is very expensive , ( isn’t it – isn’t this car – doesn’t it – is it ) ?
9- They arrived late , ( don’t they – didn’t they – weren’t they – won't they ) ?
10- Omar will visit us tomorrow , ( will he – won't he – wasn’t he – doesn’t he ) ?
11- You'd better meet him , ( hadn’t you – wouldn't you – hadn’t I – wouldn’t I ) ?
12- I'd rather have some coffee , ( hadn’t I – hadn’t you – wouldn't you – wouldn’t I ) ?
*************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 204

 ♣ seem to, (be) meant to, (be) supposed to ♣
Seem = appear / look like ‫ؼؾدو‬
‫ظؾقدؼثمسنمطقفمؼؾدومذقؽاًمعامأومذكصاًمعامسـدعامالمغؽونمعؿأطدؼنممتاعاًمممامغؼوظهم(مجمردمتوضعم) م‬

- He seems happy today. ( seem + adj)

- He seems to be happy today. ( seem + to V1 )
‫ م‬.‫ؼؾدومأغهمدعقدماظقومموظؽينمشريمعؿأطد‬

‫ م‬:‫ (م‬seem not to )‫ (ممأومميؽنمأنمغلؿكدمم‬don't/doesn't/didn't seem )‫ممغلؿكدمم‬seem ‫*مظـػيم‬

- He seems not to make effort. = He doesn't seem to make effort.

‫ م‬:‫(م‬ing)‫مميفماألزعـةمادللؿؿرةمأيمالمميؽنموضعمظهم‬seem ‫*مالمؼأتيماظػعلم‬

- Leen seems to be tired now.

‫ م‬:‫ممزرفموظؽنمؼؿؾعفامصػةم‬seem ‫*مالمؼأتيمبعدم‬

- The cat seems hungry.

‫ م‬:‫مميفمذؽلماجملفولم‬seem ‫*مالمؼُلؿكدمم‬

- I seem to have lost my way. Can you help me?

‫ م‬:‫ممادمم‬seem ‫*مميؽنمأنمؼؿؾعم‬

- They seem like best friends. // He seems like a clever teacher.

‫ م‬:‫ ( م‬like / as if / as though / to me / to everyone ) ‫ممعؿؾوسةمبـم‬seem ‫*مميؽنمأنمتأتيم‬

- It seems to me as though she needs help. ‫ؼؾدومظيمطؿامظومأغفامحتؿاجمظؾؿلاسدة‬

- It seemed to everyone that the actress was overacting. ‫بدامظؾفؿقعمأنماملؿـؾةمطاغتمعؾاظغةميفماظؿؿـقل‬

- It seems as if he wants everyone to feel sorry for him, but I don't. ‫مظؽـينمالمأصعل‬،‫ؼؾدومطؿامظومأغهمؼرؼدمأنمؼشعرماجلؿقعمباألدفمجتاػهم‬

‫ م‬:‫*متـؼلممإديم‬
‫عضارعمبلقط م‬ ‫عضارعمعلؿؿر م‬ ‫عاضي م‬
to V1 to be V-ing to have P.P

- He seems to study hard for the exam. // They seemed to understand my point of view.
- Nada seems to be enjoying her new car. // My mother seems to be cooking at the moment.
- The police seemed to have arrested the thief. // Two children seem to have gone missing.
*************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 205

‫عنمادلػرتضم‪/‬مؼُؼصدمبهم ‪(be) meant to + V1‬‬
‫*متعربمسنماظـقةمأوماظؼصدمعنمصعلمذيءمععنيم‪ :‬م‬

‫طانمعنماملػرتضمأنمتؽونمطعؽةمذوطوالتهمظؽينمظغقتماظػؽرةم ‪- It was meant to be a chocolate cake, but I dropped it.‬‬

‫*متعربمسنمذيءمعؿوضعمحدوثهم‪ :‬م‬

‫طانمعنماملػرتضمأنمؼصؾواماآلنم ‪- They were meant to arrive by now.‬‬

‫*مظؾقدؼثمسنماظغرضمأوماحلؼقؼةمعنمذيءمعام‪ :‬م‬

‫اظغرضمعنماظؼاغونمػومرياؼةمحؼوقماظـاسم ‪- The law is meant to protect people's rights.‬‬

‫*مظؾؿعؾريمسنماظضرورةمواإلظزامم‪ :‬م‬

‫رياؼةماظؾقؽةمػيمعلؽوظقؿـام ‪- We are meant to keep the environment.‬‬

‫*متُلؿكدمممبعـىمعـادبمظـم‪ :‬م‬

‫أسؿؼدمأغفامتصؾحمظؿؽونمممرضةمجقدةم ‪- I think she is meant to be a good nurse.‬‬

‫*مغلؿكدمم) ‪( be meant for + O‬مممبعـىمعوجهمظـم‪/‬مؼلؿفدفم‪ :‬م‬

‫ػذاماظؽؿابمظألرػالم ‪- The book is meant for children.‬‬

‫*مغلؿكدمم) ‪( mean + V-ing‬مممبعـىمؼؿطؾبم‪/‬مؼلؿؾزمم‪/‬مؼعينم‪/‬مؼؤديمإدي‪ :‬م‬

‫‪- Taking the six o’clock train means getting up at five.‬‬

‫‪- Wasting much money means not buying a new flat. // Losing this job means looking for another one.‬‬

‫*مغلؿكدمم) ‪( be meant to + be + V-ing‬ممظؿشريمإديمحدثمعلؿؿرميفماحلاضرمأومادلاضيم‪ :‬م‬

‫(محدثمعلؿؿرميفماملضارعم)مممم ‪- He is meant to be doing his homework.‬‬

‫(محدثمادؿؿرميفماملاضيم)م ‪- He was meant to be doing his homework.‬‬

‫*مغلؿكدمم) ‪( be meant to + be + P.P‬مم‪ :‬م‬

‫(دقارتيمعنماملػرتضمأنمؼؿممصقصفامشدا)م ‪- My car is meant to be examined tomorrow.‬‬

‫*مغلؿكدمم) ‪( be meant to + have + P.P‬ممظؿشريمإديمحدثميفمادلاضيم‪ :‬م‬

‫(طانمعنماملػرتضمأنمؼؿممتوضقعماظعؼدم)م ‪- The contract was meant to have been signed.‬‬

‫*************************************************************************************‬

‫‪Miss. Manar Saad‬‬ ‫‪206‬‬

‫عنمادلػرتضم ‪(be) supposed to + V1‬‬
‫*متعربمسنماالظؿزامموضرورةمسؿلمذيءمعامحلبماظؾوائحمواظؼواغنيم‪ :‬م‬
‫عنماملػرتضمأنمأسؿينمبأخيمظقؾةماجلؿعةممممممممممممممممم ‪- I'm supposed to look after my brother in Friday night.‬‬
‫ظقسمعنماملػرتضمأنمتؼودمأطـرمعنم‪50‬معقالًميفماظلاسةميفماملدؼـةم ‪- You're not supposed to drive over 50 m.p.h in a town.‬‬
‫ملمؼؽنمعنماملػرتضمأنمتؼولمأيمذيءمسنماحلػؾةممممممممممم ‪- You weren't supposed to say anything about the party.‬‬
‫*متعربمسنماظرتتقؾاتمظعؿلمذيءم‪ :‬م‬
‫عنماملػرتضمأنمأرفوماظعشاءميفمأعلقاتماإلثـنيممممممم ‪- I'm supposed to cook dinner on Monday evenings.‬‬

‫*متعربمسنمآرائـامأوماسؿؼادغاميفمذيءمععنيم‪ :‬م‬
‫عنماملػرتضمأنمؼؽونمأصضلمػاتفمميؽـكمذراؤهمممم ‪- It is supposed to be the best phone that you can buy.‬‬

‫*ميفمادلواضفماظيتمالمغؾؿزممصقفامباظوصاءمباظوسدمأوماظرتتقؾاتم‪ :‬م‬
‫طانمعنماملػرتضمأنمتؿصلمبيمػذاماظصؾاحمملاذامملمتػعل؟مممممم ?‪- You were supposed to call me this morning. Why didn't you‬‬
‫طانمعنماملػرتضمأنمؼصلماظؼطارمضؾلمسشرؼنمدضقؼةمممممممممممممممممممممممم‪- The train was supposed to arrive twenty minutes ago.‬‬
‫*متعربمسنمحدوثمعوضفمسؽسمتوضعـام‪ :‬م‬

‫عنماملػرتضمأنمؼؽونمسؿرمععـاماآلنمأؼنمػوم؟م ? ‪- Omar is supposed to be here with us now. Where is he‬‬

‫*مظؾؿعؾريمسنماظـقةمأوماظغرضمعنمذيءمععنيم‪ :‬م‬

‫عنماملػرتضمأنمؼلاسدمػذاماظربغاعجماملعوضنيممممممممممممم ‪- This programme is supposed to help the disabled.‬‬

‫*مظؾؿعؾريمسنماسؿؼادمذائعمأومسامم‪ :‬م‬
‫معنماملػرتضمأنمؼؽونماظطؼسميفمذفرمؼـاؼرمباردًامممممممممممممم‪- The weather in January is supposed to be cold.‬‬
‫*مغلؿكدمم) ‪( be supposed to + be + V-ing‬ممظؿشريمإديمحدثمطانمعنمادلػرتضمأنمؼؽونمعلؿؿرميفماحلاضرمأومادلاضيم‪ :‬م‬

‫‪- He is supposed to be calling his teacher now.‬‬

‫‪- He was supposed to be seeing his doctor at 5 yesterday.‬‬

‫*مغلؿكدمم) ‪( be supposed to + have + P.P‬ممظؿشريمإديمحدثمطانمعنمادلػرتضماطؿؿاظهميفمادلاضيم‪ :‬م‬

‫‪- By 2020, Ahmed was supposed to have finished his study.‬‬

‫*مغلؿكدمم) ‪( be supposed to + be + P.P‬مميفماجملفولم‪ :‬م‬

‫‪- The plants are supposed to be watered tomorrow.‬‬
‫*مغلؿكدمم) ‪( suppose / supposing‬ممبدالًمعنم‪IF‬م‪ :‬م‬

‫?‪- Suppose/Supposing (that) you won a lot of money, what would you do‬‬

‫*مغلؿكدمم) ‪( suppose + O + To V1‬مم‪ :‬م‬

‫‪- I suppose her to answer all the questions.‬‬
‫*************************************************************************************‬

‫‪Miss. Manar Saad‬‬ ‫‪207‬‬

 ♣ Grammar exercises ♣
1- Choose the correct answer :
1- It's meant ( be – to do – doing – do ) it right now.

2- It's supposed ( be – to be – being – take ) my chair.

3- He is absent. He seems (be – to be – being – take) sick.

4- I'm supposed ( look after - looking after - to look after ) my son.

5- Laptops are ( meant - supposing - seemed - allowed ) to be portable.

6- I'm ( meaning - seemed - intended - supposed ) to cook dinner tonight.

7- It ( looks as if - seems - looks like - is supposed to ) rain this afternoon.

8- You seem ( young - a young - being young - to young ). How old are you?

9- School is ( meant to - seemed to - supposing to - intend to ) be educational.

10- Omar ( supposes to - seems to - means to - is seeming to ) like his new laptop.

11- The woman standing up ( seems - looks - supposes - means ) to be the manager.

12- Laws are ( suppose - supposed - supposed to - supposing ) protect the innocent.

13- The book was meant ( to - by - for - at ) children, but it is popular with adults too.

14- Hana and Jana seem to ( be spent - being spent - be spending - spends ) a nice time.

15- The diagram is ( suppose - seemed - meant - allowed ) to show the rise in temperature.

16- You ( are seeming - didn't suppose - aren't supposed - supposed ) to talk in this library.

17- The new accountant ( is seeming - seems - meant - supposed ) to be working very hard today.

18- You ( are meant - meant that - seems - are meaning ) to look after the kids while mother is away.

19- I'm sorry! I ( seemed - was meaning - suppose - was supposed ) to tell you about the party, but I forgot.

20- The party is supposed to start at 11 p.m. This sentence expresses a/an ( expectation - arrangement -

intention - obligation ).

*************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 208

  Conjunctions ‫أدوات الربط‬

♣ Linking words ♣
‫اثػ اإلظبفخ‬ٚ‫ س‬: ً‫ال‬ٚ‫أ‬
( besides = in addition to = as well as ) + V-ing / Noun ٌٝ‫ثبإلظبفخ إ‬

 Besides cooking for twenty people , she did the washing up .

 In addition to visiting her friends , she went to the zoo .
 As well as tidying our rooms , we cooked dinner .

( in addition = furthermore = moreover ) ‫ تؿؾعمجبؿؾةمطاعؾة‬S V O

 We went to the market . In addition , we went to the zoo .

not only ……….…… but also ……….……

not only …………………..….…… as well .

 On Friday we not only went to the market but also we went to the zoo .
‫ م‬:‫ يفمحالماظؾدءمبفامتؽونمطاآلتيم‬
Not only ‫ فؼً ِغبػذ‬+ ً‫……… فبػ‬.…… but also ……….……

 Not only did we go to the market but also we went to the zoo .

*************************************************************************************
1- Both of them ( am – is – are ) happy.

2- None of them ( am – is – are ) happy.

3- Each of them ( am – is – are ) happy.

Neither nor
4- Some of them ( am – is – are ) happy. Not only
ٟٔ‫رزجغ اٌفبػً اٌضب‬
5- Neither of them ( am – is – are ) happy. As well as
‫ي‬ٚ‫رزجغ اٌفبػً األ‬
6- I as well as Mona ( am – is – are ) happy.

7- Neither I nor Mona ( am – is – are ) happy.

8- Not only I but also Mona ( am – is – are ) happy.

*************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 209

 and so do I ‫أٔب وزٌه‬ٚ

‫ م‬so‫م‬+‫مصعلمعلاسدم‬+‫مصاسلم‬:‫غلؿكدممػذاماظؾـاءماظؾغويمسـدماظربطمبنيمذيؾؿنيمعـؾؿنيموػيمسؾارةمسنم‬

 Amr will buy a car and so will I.

 Amr plays tennis well and so do I.
 Amr plays tennis well and so does Mona.
and neither do I ‫ال أٔب وزٌه‬ٚ
neither + ‫ فؼً ِغبػذ ِضجذ‬+ ً‫فبػ‬

 Hany doesn’t like science fiction and neither do I.

 Maha wont pass the maths exam and neither will Hend.
**********************************************************************************

1- Hardly / Scarcely / No sooner had I gone out , it rained. not only ٚ‫ أ‬hardly ‫إرا ثذأد اٌجٍّخ ثـ‬
. ‫ شىً عؤاي‬ٍٝ‫ْ ػ‬ٛ‫فئْ اٌجٍّخ رى‬
2- Not only did we go to the market , but also we went to the zoo.

*************************************************************************************

‫ اٌغجت‬ٍٝ‫اثػ اٌذاٌخ ػ‬ٚ‫ اٌش‬: ً ‫ب‬١ٔ‫صب‬

( because = as = since ) ‫ تؿؾعمجبؿؾةمطاعؾة‬S V O

because of / owing to
due to / through ( V-ing / Noun ) ( adj. + N )
on account of / thanks to

 He was late for school because he missed the bus.

 He was late for school owing to missing the bus.

 They cancelled their picnic as the weather was bad.

 They cancelled their due to the bad weather.

 He didn’t go to school because he was ill.

 He didn’t go to school because of being ill.

 He didn’t go to school because of his illness.

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Miss. Manar Saad 210

 ‫ اٌغشض‬ٍٝ‫اثػ اٌذاٌخ ػ‬ٚ‫ اٌش‬: ً ‫صبٌضب‬
( to = in order to = so as to ) + V1 ‫ظؽي‬

( in order not to = so as not to ) + V1 ‫ظؽيمال‬

so that = in order that + S + can / could / may / might + V1

 He works day and night . He wants to make money.

1) He works day and night in order to make money.
2) He works day and night so that he can make money.
 They played well in order not to lose the match.

…………+ lest + S + should + V1 ‫خشقةمأنم‬

 They played well lest they should lose the match .

In the hope that / for fear that

 He is working hard in the hope that he may get the prize.
 The thief hid for fear that the police might see him.

In the hope of / for fear of

 He is working hard in the hope of getting the prize.
 The thief hid fear of being seen by the policeman.

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Out of sight , out of mind

‫ٓ ثؼذ ػٓ اٌخبغش‬١‫ِٓ ثؼذ ػٓ اٌؼ‬

Miss. Manar Saad 211

 ‫ اٌزٕبلط‬ٍٝ‫اثػ اٌذاٌخ ػ‬ٚ‫ اٌش‬: ً ‫ساثؼب‬
but ‫وظؽنمم‬
however ‫وععمذظكم‬

 He has a lot of high qualifications but he didn’t get the job .

 He has a lot of high qualifications however he didn’t get the job .
ٟ‫ر‬٢‫ت اٌجٍّخ وب‬١‫ْ رشر‬ٛ‫ى‬٠ٚ ِٓ ُ‫ ثبٌشغ‬ٕٝ‫ ِع‬ٟ‫خ اٌجٍّخ رعط‬٠‫ ثذا‬ٟ‫ ف‬However َ‫ عٕذ اعزخذا‬
However + ‫مصػة‬/‫مزرفم‬+‫مصاسلم‬+‫صعلم‬
 However intelligent he is , he can't solve the puzzle .
 However quickly he ran , he missed the train .

‫مصػة‬/‫ زرفم‬+ as + ‫مصاسلم‬+‫باظرشممعنم صعلم‬

 Intelligent as he is , he can't solve the puzzle .

although , though / even though , even if ‫مباظرشممعنم‬+ ‫مصاسل‬+‫صعلم‬

despite , in spite of ‫مباظرشممعنم‬+ v-ing / noun

 Although he is wealthy , he is unhappy .

 In spite of being wealthy , he is unhappy .
 Even though he trained hard , he couldn't win the race .
 Despite training hard , he couldn't win the race .

Whatever + ‫معػعول‬+‫مصاسلم‬+‫ صعلم‬/ ‫ ادم‬+ [Link] be ‫م‬

 He makes mistakes . We always forgive him .

 Whatever mistakes he makes , we always forgive him .
 Whatever his mistakes are , we always forgive him .
 He has a lot of money . He is unhappy .
 Whatever money he has , he is unhappy .

Regardless of / For all / With all ‫مباظرشممعنم‬+ ‫سؾارةمامسقة‬

 For all his money , he is unhappy .

 With all his weakness , he fights fiercely .

whether …………or not ‫مأممالم)م‬..........‫(مدواءم‬

 I'll go to the club whether you come or not .
**********************************************************************************

Love me , love my dog

‫ك‬١ٍ‫ اٌؼ‬ٝ‫غم‬٠ ‫سد‬ٌٛ‫ِٓ أجً ا‬
Miss. Manar Saad 212
 ‫جخ‬١‫ إٌز‬ٍٝ‫اثػ اٌذاٌخ ػ‬ٚ‫ اٌش‬: ً ‫خبِغب‬
so = therefore , that's why = consequently = hence = thus + S V O
 I felt tired , so I went to bed early .
 I got a good degree , therefore I didn’t have difficulty in getting a job .
 He got late . That's why he missed the train .
accordingly + S V O
 He was asked to leave the meeting , and accordingly he went .

so + adj / adv + that

such a/an + adj + n + that‫مظدرجةمأنمممممممممممممممممم‬..............ً‫جدا‬
too + adj + to
enough to

 The film was so exciting that I watched it twice .

 It was such an exciting film that I watched it twice .
 The tea is too hot to drink .
 He is clever enough to answer all the questions .

َ‫ب‬ٙ‫غخ اإلعزف‬١‫ ثعذ٘ب ص‬ٟ‫أر‬٠ such / so ‫* إرا ثذأد اٌجٍّخ ثـ‬

 So loud was the noise that I couldn't hear him .
 Such a busy man is he that he can't meet his friends .
*************************************************************************************

ِٓ‫ اٌض‬ٍٝ‫اثػ اٌذاٌخ ػ‬ٚ‫ اٌش‬: ً ‫عبدعب‬

since

 He hasn’t visited us since he returned from Netherlands .

ing ٗ١ٌ‫غزخذَ فعً ِعبف إ‬٠ ( while / after / before ) ‫د فبعً ثعذ اٌىٍّبد‬ٛ‫ج‬ٚ َ‫ حبٌخ عذ‬ٟ‫ ف‬: ‫* ِالدظخ‬

When + ‫مصاسل‬+‫ = صعلم‬On + v-ing

 When he left university , he got a job as an accountant .

 On leaving university , he got a job as an accountant .

☺ During ‫أثـاءم‬

 Five players were injured during the match .

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Miss. Manar Saad 213

 ‫خ‬١‫اثػ اٌششغ‬ٚ‫ اٌش‬: ً ‫عبثؼب‬
In case = If + ‫ذيؾةمطاعؾة‬
In case of = In the event of + V-ing / Noun
 In case it rains tomorrow , I'll stay at home .
 In case of raining tomorrow , I'll stay at home .

provided ( providing ) that = on condition that = as long as = only if = if ‫بشرطمأنم‬

 I'll go to the club provided that you go too .
 You can borrow my dictionary provided that you return it before Monday .
 You can go out as long as you promise to be back before 11 o'clock .
 Marwa will get a good job as long as she speaks two languages fluently .

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‫ذذس ثؼذ دذس آخش‬٠ ‫اثػ رصف دذس‬ٚ‫ س‬: ً ‫صبِٕب‬

then I cleaned the flat , then I had a shower .
afterwards We had the meeting and afterwards everyone went home .
next We built the walls , then the roof . Next we painted them .
when When the rain stopped , everyone went outside .
after After she had finished her work , Rehab phoned her friend .
as soon as As soon as I've finished this book , I'll lend it to you .
finally We looked for the car everywhere , but finally we called the police .
subsequently The company bought a lot of new office , but subsequently couldn’t afford to pay the staff.

‫لذ‬ٌٛ‫ ٔفظ ا‬ٟ‫ْ ف‬ٛ‫ذذص‬٠ ‫ أوضش‬ٚ‫ٓ أ‬١‫اثػ رصف دذص‬ٚ‫ س‬: ً ‫ربعؼب‬
at this stage Beat the eggs together and at this stage add the sugar .
at the same time Try to tap your head at the same time as rubbing your stomach .
as this happens The milk will boil . As this happen , turn the gas right down .
simultaneously Students will study physics and chemistry simultaneously in their first year .

‫اد سثػ‬ٚ‫ ظّبئش وأد‬: ً ‫ػبششا‬

this ( referring to one word ) I was given an omelette . This was served with a salad .
The hotel was much cheaper than we'd expected . This meant we
this ( referring to whole sentence )
could stay an extra night .
The government has promised lower taxation, a better health service
these and more money for education. These will be great improvements.

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Miss. Manar Saad 214

 ♣ Grammar exercises ♣
1- Choose the correct answer :
1- ( As – When – In – On ) hearing his bad news , she fainted.

2- I'll come tomorrow ( unless – so that – after – if ) I'm too busy.

3- ( When – After – So – Because ) working hard , he passed the test.

4- ( As – Though – However ) easy and well paid the job was , Magdy resigned.

5- I don’t like him ( so – as – although – however ) he is selfish and intolerant.

6- Silly ( because – despite – however – as ) the story was , we enjoyed the film.

7- When I saw Amr , he ( walking – walked – was walking – walks ) in the garden.

8- ( So – Though – AS – Because of ) it was a public holiday , all the shops were shut.

9- He went to be early , ( although – because – therefore – however ) he got up late.

10- He is saving money ( so that – because – although – if ) he wants to buy a car.

11- He was late for work (so – because – due to – despite ) his boss was angry with him.

12- The road was bumpy ( because – but – though – therefore ) we couldn't accelerate.

13- Samir has two sisters ; ( neither – none – both – each ) of them are older than him.

14- While ( worked – was working – working – have worked ) in the garden, I hurt my back.

15- Hala got the job ( so – because – although – despite ) she had no previous experience.

16- He had to sell his car ( therefore – but – so that – since ) he was in bad need of money.

17- ( What ever – However – Despite – Although ) cowardly he seems , he can defend himself.

18- (Because of – Because – Although – Despite) getting used to the job , he began to enjoy it.

19- People think badly of him ( though – so – despite – because ) his kindness and tolerance.

20- I got very wet in the rain ( even though – despite – because – however ) I had an umbrella.

21- Mona as well as her sisters ( come – have come – comes – are coming ) to school on foot.

22- ( Because – Though – Besides – As ) I'm not very good at most sports , I can swim very well.

23- He missed a lot of lessons ( despite – owing to – because – though ) his absence from school.

24- ( Despite – Because – However – Although ) running your own business is hard work, it's also enjoyable.

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Miss. Manar Saad 215

  Pronouns ‫الضمائر‬
Subject Object Possessive Possessive Reflexive
Pronouns Pronouns Adjectives Pronouns Pronouns
‫ضؿائرماظػاسل‬ ‫ضؿائرمادلػعولمبه‬ ‫صػاتمادلؾؽقة‬ ‫ضؿائرمادلؾؽقة‬ ‫اظضؿائرمادلـعؽلة م‬
I me my car mine myself
He him his car his himself
She her her car hers herself
It it its food its itself
You you your car yours yourselves
We us our car ours ourselves
They them their car theirs themselves

This is my pen. = This pen is mine.

This is his pen. = This pen is his.

This is her pen. = This pen is hers.

This is its tail. = This tail is its.

This is your pen. = This pen is yours.

This is our pen. = This pen is ours.

This is their pen. = This pen is theirs.

 Reflexive pronouns ‫اٌعّبئش إٌّؼىغخ‬

Singular : myself / yourself / herself / himself / itself Knowledge is power ‫ماظعؾممغور‬

Plural : ourselves / yourselves / themselves

.‫احذ‬ٚ ً‫اٌفبع‬ٚ ‫ي‬ٛ‫ْ اٌّفع‬ٛ‫ى‬٠ ‫ش إٌّعىظ عٕذِب‬١ّ‫غزخذَ اٌع‬٠ -1

 He hurt himself. // She looked at herself in the mirror .
.‫ذ‬١‫ش إٌّعىظ ٌٍزأو‬١ّ‫غزخذَ اٌع‬٠ -2
 He did the job himself. // I mended the bike myself .
ٖ‫ْ ِغبعذ‬ٚ‫ ثذ‬ٚ‫ ثّفشدٖ أ‬ٕٝ‫ ثّع‬by ‫ش إٌّعىظ ثعذ‬١ّ‫غزخذَ اٌع‬٠ -3
by myself = on my own = alone / without any help
 I went to the cinema on my own. // Did you paint that picture on your own ?
: ‫جخ‬١‫ الحع ٘زٖ اٌزشو‬
of his own ‫خ‬١‫ اٌٍّى‬ٍٝ‫رذي ػ‬

 I'd like to have a car of my own. // He's got no ideas of his own .
*************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 216

* Idioms with reflexive pronouns :
1- Take care of yourself .
2- Enjoy yourself = Have a good time.
3- Help yourself = Take what you want.
4- Behave yourself = Be polite / Behave well.
5- He made a name for himself = He became famous.
6- Make yourself at home = Behave freely as if it were your own home.
*************************************************************************************

♣ Grammar exercises ♣
1- Choose the correct answer :
1- This is uncle's car . It is ( him – its – his – he ).
2- Ali is a great friend of ( mine – me – myself – my own ).
3- His chances of success are far greater than ( our – ours – us – we ).
4- One can easily lose ( himself – herself – oneself – himself ) in a big city.
5- He dropped the hot tea and hurt ( oneself – herself – himself – by himself ).
6- It's our own fault , we blame ( themselves – himself – yourselves – ourselves ).
7- These books belong to you . I am sure they are ( your – you – yours – yourself ).
8- He told Nabil and me that it was raining. He told ( our – them – they – us ) that it was raining.
*************************************************************************************
2- Find the mistake in each of the following sentences :
1- One has to depend on itself.
2- That house belongs to hers.
3- My friend lives in his flat itself.
4- Take your book and give me my.
5- He went to France with himself.
6- Problems don’t usually solve itself.
7- He went to the cinema on himself.
8- I taught yourself to play the piano.
9- She cooked the food entirely by her.
10- It's nice for ours to be in the flat alone.
11- These are their books . They are their.
12- People live in houses to protect ourselves from the weather.
*************************************************************************************
Miss. Manar Saad 217
 ♣ Sentences with wish ♣

Everything comes to him who waits

ّٕٝ‫ ٔبي ِب ر‬ٝٔ‫ِٓ رأ‬

Miss. Manar Saad 218

 ♣ Extra Points
: ٟ‫ر‬٢‫ اٌشىً ا‬ٟ‫د فبػً ف‬ٛ‫ج‬ٚ َ‫ُشزشغ ػذ‬٠ -1
wish to V1 /// wish + O + to V1

- I wish you a good luck . // I wish to make a complaint .

- Please do not hesitate to contact me if you wish to discuss the matter .

- I don’t wish my name to appear on the list . / I wish Maya to accept my proposal .

‫خ‬١ٔ‫ اٌذبٌخ اٌضب‬If ٟ‫ دبٌخ إوّبي اٌجٍّخ وأٔه ف‬ٟ‫ ف‬-2

- I wish I were rich , I would help all the poor .

: wish ‫ ربَ ثؼذ‬ٟ‫ اٌجٍّخ ٔغزخذَ ِبظ‬ٟ‫شاد ف‬١‫جذد أدذ ٘زٖ اٌزؼج‬ٚ ‫ إرا‬-3

I'm sorry …. / I'm disappointed that …. / I regret + v-ing

I / we ‫ش‬١ّ‫ ( االعزطبػخ ) ثؼذ اٌع‬ّٟٕ‫ش ػٓ اٌز‬١‫ ٌٍزؼج‬would َ‫ّىٓ اعزخذا‬٠ ‫ ال‬-4

- I wish I would pass this exam . ( wrong )

‫ اٌّغزّش‬ٟ‫ اٌّبظ‬ٌٝ‫ي إ‬ٛ‫زذ‬٠ wish ‫ اٌّعبسع اٌّغزّش ثؼذ‬-5

- I wish it wasn’t raining . ( It is raining. )

- I wish you weren’t leaving tomorrow . ( You are leaving tomorrow. )

- The children aren’t doing their homework . I wish they were doing it .

َ‫ اٌزب‬ٟ‫ اٌّبظ‬ٌٝ‫ي إ‬ٛ‫زذ‬٠ wish ‫ اٌّعبسع اٌزبَ ثؼذ‬-6

- It hasn’t rained for a week . I wish it had rained .

‫ب‬ٙ‫زجؼ‬٠ ٟ‫ صِٓ اٌجٍّخ اٌز‬ٍٝ‫ُؤصش ػ‬٠ ‫ ال‬wish ً‫ صِٓ اٌفؼ‬-7

- He wishes he spoke fluent French .

- Sameer wished he had mended the window before winter .

ٟ‫ اٌّبظ‬ٟ‫ش ػٓ إٌذَ ( ػذَ االعزطبػخ ) ف‬١‫ ٌٍزؼج‬wish ‫ ثؼذ‬could have pp َ‫ ٔغزخذ‬-8

- I wish I could have expressed myself well . But I wasn’t able .

‫ ػٓ ػذَ اٌشغجخ‬would ‫رُؼجش‬ٚ ‫ ػٓ ػذَ اٌمذسح‬could ‫ رُؼجش‬-9

- I wish he could play the lute . ( = He can't play the lute. )

- I wish he would play the lute . ( = He doesn’t want play the lute. )

ٓ١‫ْ اٌفبػالْ ِخزٍف‬ٛ‫ى‬٠ ْ‫ الثذ أ‬would ‫ثؼذ٘ب‬ٚ wish َ‫ ػٕذ اعزخذا‬-10

- I wish he would ….. . // He wishes they would …..etc.

Miss. Manar Saad 219
 could / would ‫☺الحظ الفزق يف املعهى بني‬

************************************************************************
♣ Grammar exercises ♣
1- Choose the correct answer :
1- I wish I'd ( do – did – done – doing ) more revision last year.

2- I wish my room ( isn’t – weren’t – wouldn’t – won't ) so small.

3- I wish I ( have – will have – would have – may have ) some friends.

4- I wish they ( can – will – may – would ) stop polluting the environment again.

5- If only we( have gone – would go – went – had gone )to his birthday party last night.

6- I wish I ( will understand – understand – understood – understands ) what he is saying.

7- I wish I ( didn’t spend – hadn’t spent – wouldn’t spend ) all my money on clothes last year.

8- I wish I ( had known – knew – could know ) more about the company when I was working there.

9- I'm disappointed that he didn’t call me . If only he ( calls – called – have called – had called ) me.

10- If only the letter of application ( wasn’t – weren’t – hadn’t been ) badly typed, they might have accepted it.

************************************************************************

 History repeats itself ٗ‫ذ ٔفغ‬١‫ؼ‬٠ ‫خ‬٠‫اٌزبس‬

Miss. Manar Saad 220

 ♣ Prefixes ‫السوابق‬

*************************************************************************************
Miss. Manar Saad 221
 Language Notes

Miss. Manar Saad 222

  by – in – on

1- by ( ً‫ْ فبص‬ٚ‫اصالد ثذ‬ٌّٛ‫عبئً ا‬ٚ ‫غ‬١ّ‫) ج‬

- My dad goes to his work by car / taxi / bus / bike.

2- in + ً‫ ( فبص‬car / taxi / boat / helicopter )

- My dad goes to his work in his car / a taxi / a boat.

3- on + ً‫اصالد ( فبص‬ٌّٛ‫عبئً ا‬ٚ ٟ‫) ثبل‬

- My dad goes to his work on a bus / a bike / a train.

Hint
4- on foot / horseback / camel Get in ) ‫ تاكسي‬/ ‫إركب ( سيارة‬

- My dad goes to his work on foot / horseback / camel. Get on ) ‫إركب ( باقي الوسائل‬

*************************************************************************************
Choose the correct answer :
1- I went to the zoo ( by – in – on ) car.

2- I went to the zoo ( by – in – on ) bus.

3- I went to the zoo ( by – in – on ) a bus.

4- I went to the zoo ( by – in – on ) my car.

5- I went to my school ( by – in – on ) foot.

6- I went to the market ( by – in – on ) taxi.

7- I went to the market ( by – in – on ) a taxi.

8- We travelled abroad ( by – in – on ) a ship.

9- I went to the club ( by – in – on ) horseback.

10- I went to Saudi Arabia ( by – in – on ) plane.

11- I went to the zoo ( by – in – on ) father's car.

12- I went to Saudi Arabia ( by – in – on ) a plane.

*************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 223

  arrive – get to – reach

1- arrive in ( ‫ لبسح‬/ ‫ٕخ‬٠‫ ِذ‬/ ‫ ػبصّخ‬/ ‫ٌخ‬ٚ‫) د‬

- My dad arrived in Paris / Cairo / Egypt / Asia yesterday.

2- arrive at ( ‫ش‬١‫ ِىبْ صغ‬/ ‫خ‬٠‫) لش‬

- My dad arrived at village / Cairo Airport / office yesterday.

3- get to ( ‫ِشمخ‬ٚ ‫ثخ‬ٛ‫ ِىبْ ثصؼ‬ٞ‫ أ‬ٌٝ‫صً إ‬٠ )

- My dad got to Paris / Cairo / Egypt / village / office yesterday.

4- reach ( ْ‫) اٌّىب‬

- My dad reached Paris / Cairo / Egypt / village / office yesterday.

5- ( home / here / there / back ) ‫ال رأخز دشف جش‬

- My dad arrived home / here / there yesterday. Hint

Reach for the stars
- My dad got home / here / there yesterday. ً١‫حمك اٌّغزح‬٠
*************************************************************************************

Choose the correct answer :

1- I want to reach ( in – at – for – no prep ) the stars.

2- My dad got ( in – at – to – on ) the house yesterday.

3- My dad got ( in – at – to – no prep ) home yesterday.

4- My dad arrived ( in – at – to – on ) England yesterday.

5- When does the train arrive ( in – at – to – no prep ) ?

6- My dad arrived ( in – at – to – no prep ) there yesterday.

7- I ( got - arrived ) my friend's home after hard traffic jam.

8- My dad reached ( in – at – to – no prep ) Cairo yesterday.

9- My dad arrived ( in – at – to – on ) Cairo Airport yesterday.

10- My dad arrived ( in – at – to – no prep ) the village yesterday.

*************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 224

 take - took - taken
 take - spend ‫غزغشق‬٠ spend - spent - spent

1- take + time period + to + V1

- The Pyramids took years to build.

2- spend + time period + V-ing

- I spent all night studying English.

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Choose the correct answer :
1- It takes years ( building – to built – to build – build ).

2- I spent two hours ( to study – studying – study ) English.

*************************************************************************************

 help ‫غبػذ‬٠

☺ help + V1 (or) to + V1

 She helped me solve the problem.

 She helped me to solve the problem.

☺ help with + noun

 She helped me with my homework.

☺ help in + V-ing Hint

Please, help me up
 She helped me in doing my homework. ‫ط‬ٙٔ‫ أل‬ٟٔ‫ عبعذ‬,‫ عّحذ‬ٌٛ

*************************************************************************************
Choose the correct answer :
1- Please, help me ( down - in - on - up ).

2- I helped my little sister ( on – to – with – by ) her homework.

3- I helped my little sister in ( does – did – do - doing ) her homework.

4- Please, help me ( to cleaning – to clean – cleaning - cleaned ) up my room.

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Miss. Manar Saad 225

 let - let - let
 let / allow allow - allowed - allowed

☺ let + O + V1 ‫ذع‬٠

 He let us leave early.

☺ allow + V-ing ‫غّخ‬٠

 He allowed leaving early.

☺ allow + O + to + V1 ‫غّخ‬٠ Hint

Please, let me in
 He allowed us to leave early. ٍٟٕ‫ أدخ‬,‫ عّحذ‬ٌٛ

*************************************************************************************
Choose the correct answer :
1- Please, let me ( out – to – for - up ) right now.

2- Please, let me ( to going – going – goes - go ) right now.

3- Please, allow her ( to going – going – to go - go ) right now.

4- He didn't allow ( to smoke - smoke - smoking - smokes ) here.

*************************************************************************************

 busy ‫ي‬ٛ‫ِشغ‬

☺ be + busy + v-ing

☺ be + busy with + noun

 She is busy studying for her exams.

 He's busy with a customer right now.

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Choose the correct answer :
1- My dad is busy ( to talk – talking – talk - talked ) on the phone now.

2- Sorry mum, I'm busy ( with studied – to studying – study - studying ).

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Miss. Manar Saad 226

  make ‫صٕغ‬٠ / ً‫جؼ‬٠

☺ make + O + V1 / adj

 His tale made me cry / sad.

 His success made us happy.

☺ be + made + to + V1 ) ‫ُججش‬٠ ( ‫ي‬ٛٙ‫ اٌّج‬ٟ‫ف‬

 I was made to clean my brother's room.

*************************************************************************************
Choose the correct answer :
1- Her story made me ( to cry – crying – cries - cry ).

2- We were made ( do – to doing – to do - did ) our homework.

3- His story made us ( to be happy – be happy – happy – being happy ).

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 decide ‫مشس‬٠

☺ decide to + V1

 We decided to buy a new house in Alex .

☺ decide that + S + V + O

 We decided that we should buy a new house in Alex .

☺ decide on + noun / V-ing ‫ذذد‬٠

 You should decide on your goal in life .

*************************************************************************************
Choose the correct answer :
1- We decided ( on – that – for - to ) go to Alex at weekend.

2- We decided ( on – that – for - to ) we should visit our ill uncle.

3- The parents decided (on – that – for - to ) their new baby's name.

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Miss. Manar Saad 227

  Suggestion

1- Let's + V1 . – Let's go to the zoo .

2- How/What about + V-ing ? – How about going to the zoo ?

3- Why don’t we/you + V1 ? – Why don’t we go to the zoo ?

4- Shall we / I + V1? – Shall we go to the zoo ?

5- We could + V1 . – We could go to the zoo .

6- suggest / recommend + V-ing. – My dad suggested going to the zoo .

suggest / recommend + that + S + V1 – My dad suggested that Mona go with us .

7- Have you considered / thought about + V-ing ? – Have you considered making a study plan ?
*************************************************************************************
Hint (1)
Let's not go out in this bad weather. = Don't let's go out in this bad weather.
Hint (2)
A: If you ask me, Mai is the best applicant for the job of the secretary?
B: Mmm. ( How about - What about ) her bad English?
‫ عند إبداء االعتراض أو التعبير عن مشكلت محتملت‬what about ‫نستخدم‬
*************************************************************************************
Choose the correct answer :
1- Let's ( have – to have – having – had ) lunch out.

2- We could ( have – to have – having – had ) lunch out.

3- Shall we ( have – to have – having – had ) lunch out ?

4- How about ( have – to have – having – had ) lunch out ?

5- What about ( have – to have – having – had ) lunch out ?

6- Dad suggested ( have – to have – having – had ) lunch out.

7- Why don’t we ( have – to have – having – had ) lunch out ?

8- I recommended that Ali ( plays – playing – play – played ) tennis with us.

9- Have you thought about ( travel - to travel - traveling - travels ) abroad ?

10- Have you considered about ( make - to make - making - makes ) a movie ?
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Miss. Manar Saad 228
  like – love – prefer – rather – had better – It's better
1- like / prefer + V-ing (or) to + V1
feel like + V-ing
- I like / prefer eating fish. َ‫جٗ عب‬ٛ‫ث‬

- I like / prefer to eat fish. ‫ِٕبعجخ خبصخ‬

2- would like / would prefer to + V1

- I'd like / prefer to eat fish.

3- rather + V1 rather not + V1

- I rather eat fish.

4- would rather + V1

- I'd rather eat fish.

5- had better + V1 had better not + V1

- I'd better eat fish.

6- It's better to + V1 It's better not to + V1

- It's better to eat fish.

7- It's + adj + to + V1 (or) V-ing

- It's easy to learn English. = It's easy learning English.

- It's important for us to eat fish. = It's important for us eating fish.

8- prefer …………. to ٍٝ‫فعً ػ‬٠ rather …………. than ٍٝ‫فعً ػ‬٠

- I prefer eating fish to eating meat. // - I rather eat fish than eat meat.

9- Would you prefer to eat fish or meat ?

Would you rather eat fish or meat ?

10- rather + S + V2 ………………………………. now.

rather + S + had + p.p …………. yesterday.

- I rather you ate fish now. // - I rather you had eaten fish yesterday.
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Miss. Manar Saad 229
Choose the correct answer :
1- I like ( eat – eats – eating – ate ) fish.

2- I'd like ( eat – to eat – eating – ate ) fish.

3- I prefer ( eat – eats – eating – ate ) fish.

4- I prefer tea ( on – to – than – or ) coffee.

5- I rather tea ( on – to – than – or ) coffee.

6- I rather ( eat – eats – eating – ate ) fish.

7- I'd rather ( eat – eats – eating – ate ) fish.

8- It's better ( eat – to eat – eats – ate ) fish.

9- I'd prefer ( eat – to eat – eating – ate ) fish.

10- I'd better ( eat – to eat – eating – ate ) fish.

11- It's necessary ( eat –eats – eating – ate ) fish.

12- Would you like ( eat – to eat – eating – ate ) fish ?

13- It's easy ( learning – to learnt – learn – learns ) English.

14- I'd rather you ( eat – had eaten – eating – ate ) fish now.

15- Would you like to have tea ( on – to – than – or ) coffee?

16- Would you rather have tea ( on – to – than – or ) coffee?

17- Would you prefer to have tea ( on – to – than – or ) coffee?

18- I rather eat fish than ( eating – eat – ate – had eaten ) meat.

19- I prefer eating fish to ( eating – eat – ate – had eaten ) meat.

20- I'd rather you ( eat – had eaten – eating – ate ) fish yesterday.

21- The mobile phone is easy ( carry – to carrying – to carry – carried ).

22- My mum rather Mai ( attend - attended - to attend - had attended ) the party yesterday.

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Miss. Manar Saad 230
  used to / be used to

1- S ً‫ ػبل‬+ used to + V1 ( ٟ‫ اٌّبظ‬ٟ‫ذ ف‬ٙ‫أز‬ٚ ‫) ػبدح‬

- My dad used to smoke. / - My dad didn’t use to smoke.

2- S ً‫ ػبل‬+ [Link] be / get / become + used to + V-ing / N ( ‫ اٌذبظش‬ٟ‫ِب صاٌذ ف‬ٚ ‫) ػبدح‬

- My dad is used to getting up early on Fridays.

- I'm used to working long hours. // I was used to living / life in a busy street.

- I became used to living in the desert. // Ali got used to the hot weather of Aswan.

3- S ً‫ش ػبل‬١‫ غ‬+ be + used to + V1 or for + V-ing ( ‫ء‬ٟ‫ش ػٓ اعزخذاَ ش‬١‫) ٌٍزؼج‬

- A hammer is used to hit nails / for hitting nails.

- A knife is used to cut things / for cutting things. Hint

You will get used to it.
- A needle is used to sew with / for sewing with. ‫ب‬ٙ١ٍ‫ف رعزبد ع‬ٛ‫ع‬

*************************************************************************************
Choose the correct answer :
1- I'm used to ( alive - live - life - death ) in cold weather.

2- A hammer ( are used – used – using – is used ) to hit nails.

3- Noha was used to ( alive - live - die - living ) in cold weather.

4- The knives ( is used – used – using – are used ) for cutting meat.

5- People ( are used – used – using – use ) to ride camels in the past.

6- I ( are used – am used – using – is used ) to getting up late on Fridays.

7- My dad is ( use – uses – using –used ) to smoking so I'm so worried about him.

8- My dad ( are used – used – using – is used ) to smoke but he doesn’t smoke now.

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Miss. Manar Saad 231

  rise - arise - raise - arouse
1- rise ( ‫ي‬ٛ‫) ال رأخز ِفؼ‬ ‫مع‬١‫غز‬٠ / ‫ رششق‬/ ‫رشرفغ‬

- Prices rises daily. // The sun rises in the east. // I rise at 2 p.m.

2- arise ( ‫ي‬ٛ‫) ال رأخز ِفؼ‬ ‫ذ ػٓ اٌذذ‬٠‫ض‬٠ / َ‫ذزذ‬٠ / ‫ٕشأ‬٠

- A lot of problems arise from misunderstanding.

3- raise + O ‫ي‬ٛ‫ِفؼ‬ ‫طشح عؤاي‬٠ / ‫جّغ ِبي‬٠ / ‫شفغ‬٠ / ْ‫ا‬ٛ١‫ د‬ٚ‫ إٔغبْ أ‬ٟ‫شث‬٠

- Raise your hand if you want to answer. // My friend raises cattle. // He raised much money for charity.

4- arouse + O ‫ي‬ٛ‫ِفؼ‬ ).... ٖٛٙ‫ ش‬/ ‫ إػجبة‬/ ‫ي‬ٛ‫ فع‬/ ‫ شفمخ‬/ َ‫ش ( ا٘زّب‬١‫ُض‬٠

- His behaviour aroused the suspicion of the police. // She aroused my attention / curiosity / pity ...

*************************************************************************************
Choose the correct answer : rise - rose - risen
arise - arose - arisen
1- I will ( raise - rise - arise - arouse ) at 8 in the morning. raise - raised - raised
arouse - aroused - aroused
2- It takes years ( raised - risen - arisen - aroused ) to forty degrees.

3-Seif adores animals so he intends to ( raise - rise - arise - arouse ) a puppy.

4- The captain of the winning team will ( raise - rise - arise - arouse ) the cup in the air.

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Do as you would be done by

‫ؼبٍِه إٌبط‬٠ ْ‫ػبًِ إٌبط وّب رذت أ‬

Miss. Manar Saad 232

  win / beat / earn / gain

1- win ‫ إػجبة‬ٍٝ‫ص ػ‬ٛ‫ذ‬٠ / ) ... ‫ ِجبساح‬/ ‫ىغت ( وأط‬٠ / ‫ص‬ٛ‫ف‬٠

- He won a prize in a competition for literature. // She won my admiration.

2- beat ) ‫ك‬٠‫ فش‬ٚ‫ضَ ( شخص أ‬ٙ٠

- Egypt could beat France. // I beat my dad at chess.

3- earn ًّ‫ ِبي ) ِمبثً ػ‬/ ِٗٛ٠ ‫د‬ٛ‫ىغت ( ل‬٠

- People work hard to earn money. I do my best to earn my living.

4- gain ‫ االسرفبع‬ٚ‫خ أ‬١ّ‫ اٌى‬ٚ‫ اٌغشػخ أ‬ٚ‫صْ أ‬ٌٛ‫ ا‬ٟ‫ذ ف‬٠‫ض‬٠ / ) ‫شح‬ٙ‫ ش‬/ ‫ِخ‬ٍٛ‫ ِؼ‬/ ‫ىزغت ( خجشح‬٠

- You gained much information from the meeting. // Aya gained 3 kilos in weight last month.

*************************************************************************************
Choose the correct answer :
win - won - won
1- I will ( gain - earn - win - beat ) you at chess. beat - beat - beaten
earn - earned - earned
2-The plane ( gained - earned - won - beat ) speed to take off. gain - gained - gained

3- Al-Ahly ( gained - earned - won - beat ) Zamalek yesterday.

4- My dad travelled abroad to ( gain - earn - win - beat ) a lot of money.

5- He was very happy because he ( gained - earned - won - beat ) the game.

6- He has ( gained - earned - won - beat ) the necessary experience to be promoted.

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Miss. Manar Saad 233

  affect / effect / effective

1- affect (v) ) ‫ ( ال رأخز دشف جش‬ٍٝ‫ؤصش ػ‬٠

- Smoking affects our health badly.

2- effect (n) ) ‫ش ( رأخز دشف جش‬١‫ رأص‬/ ‫أصش‬

- Smoking has a bad effect on our health.

3- effective (adj) ‫ ِؤصش‬/ ‫فؼّبي‬

- Yoga is a very effective technique for combating stress.

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Choose the correct answer :
1- Bad friends ( affect - effect - effective - effectively ) us negatively.

2- Good friends have a positive ( affect - effect - effective - effectively ).

*************************************************************************************

 publish / come out

1- come out (v) ) ‫ي‬ٛٙ‫ اٌّج‬ٟ‫ ف‬ٟ‫ ال رأر‬/ ‫ي‬ٛ‫ْ ِفؼ‬ٚ‫ش ( ثذ‬ٙ‫ظ‬٠ / ‫صذس‬٠

- Finally, the novel came out in 2024.

2- publish (v) ) ‫ي‬ٛٙ‫ اٌّج‬ٟ‫ ف‬ٟ‫ّىٓ أْ رأر‬٠ ( ) ..... ‫بد‬٠‫ا‬ٚ‫ س‬/ ‫ ِمبالد‬/ ‫ٕشش ( وزت‬٠

- The famous writer published a lot of novels. // A lot of novels were published by the famous writer.

*************************************************************************************
Choose the correct answer :
1- It is not easy for young writers to ( publish - come out - appear - punish ) their new books.

2- Finally, the young writer's first novel ( published - came out - written ). It became ready for sale.

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Miss. Manar Saad 234

  cause / reason

☺ cause + O + to V1 ‫غجت‬٠

 The huge waves caused the ship to sink. ‫ٕخ‬١‫ غشق اٌغف‬ٟ‫خ ف‬١‫اج اٌعبر‬ِٛ‫رغججذ األ‬

☺ cause of + N / V-ing ‫عجت‬

 The end of a cigarette was the cause of a horrible fire in the factory.

☺ reason for + N / V-ing ‫ِجشس – عجت‬

 The son couldn’t give his dad any reasons for his bad marks in the exam.

☺ reason + why + S V O

 The son couldn’t give his dad any reasons why he got bad marks in the exam.

*************************************************************************************
Choose the correct answer :
1- The wind cause the tree ( falling - fall - to fall - fell ).

2- Can you tell me the cause of ( you were absent – your absence ) yesterday.

3- Can you tell me the reason why ( you were absent – your absence ) yesterday.

*************************************************************************************

 be + interested in – keen on – fond of

☺ interested in / keen on / fond of + Noun / V-ing

‫زُ ثـ‬ِٙ ‫ِغشَ ثـ ِزذّظ ٌـ‬

- My dad is interested in music / listening to music. // - She is fond of you.

*************************************************************************************

Choose the correct answer :

1- Mona is ( fond – keen – interested ) on music.

2- I'm ( interested – keen – fond ) of playing tennis.

3- I'm interested in ( to play – playing – play ) the violin.

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Miss. Manar Saad 235

  proud ‫س‬ٛ‫فخ‬

☺ be + proud of + V-ing / N ‫س ثـ‬ٛ‫فخ‬

 He is proud of his country .

 He is proud of helping the poor .

Hint
☺ be + proud to + V1 ْ‫س أ‬ٛ‫فخ‬ take pride in
‫فزخش ثـ‬٠
 He is proud to help the poor .

 He is proud to be an Egyptian .

☺ be + proud that + S V O ْ‫س أ‬ٛ‫فخ‬

 We are proud that the education is the first national project in Egypt.

*************************************************************************************
Choose the correct answer :
1- I'm proud ( to – of – for - on ) being an Egyptian .

2- You should be ( proud to – proud of – proud ) your parents .

3- You should take ( proud - pride - bride ) in your country, Egypt.

*************************************************************************************

 other than / rather than

☺ other than = except for ‫ِب ػذا‬

 All my friends attended my party other than Ali .

☺ rather than + V1 = instead of + V-ing ِٓ ً‫ثذال‬

 I think I'd like to stay at home this evening rather than go out .

*************************************************************************************
Choose the correct answer :
1- We all went to the party ( rather than – other than – instead of ) Ali .

2- We all want to go to the party ( rather than – other than – instead of ) staying at home .

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Miss. Manar Saad 236

  mind ‫ّبٔغ‬٠

1- mind + V-ing

- I mind going with you .

2- Do you mind if I + ‫ػ‬١‫? ِعبسع ثغ‬

- Do you mind if Mona goes with you ?

3- Would you mind if I + V2 ?

- Would you mind if I went with you ?

*************************************************************************************
Choose the correct answer :
1- I don’t mind ( open – opening – opened – to open ) the window ?

2- Do you mind ( open – opening – opened – to open ) the window ?

3- Would you mind ( open – opening – opened – to open ) the window ?

4- Do you mind if I ( open – opening – opened – to open ) the window ?

5- Do you mind if Sara ( open – opening – opened – opens ) the window ?

6- Would you mind if I ( open – opening – opened – to open ) the window ?

*************************************************************************************

Like father , like son ‫٘زا اٌشجً ِٓ ران األعذ‬

Miss. Manar Saad 237

  Miscellaneous ‫ِزفشلبد‬

☺ the first ( second – third – last ) to + V1

 He was the first to reach the summit of the mountain.

☺ avoid + V-ing ‫زجٕت‬٠

 We avoided meeting him yesterday.

☺ be + determined to + V1 ٍٝ‫ ػبصَ ػ‬/ ٍٝ‫ِصُّ ػ‬

 He was determined to kill his enemy.

☺ leave ْ‫غبدس ِىب‬٠ leave for ْ‫ ٘زا اٌّىب‬ٌٝ‫زجٗ إ‬٠

 He left Cairo yesterday.

 He left for Cairo yesterday.

*************************************************************************************

Choose the correct answer :

1- I'm determined ( make – making – to make - made ) my way .

2- I avoided ( see – saw – to see - seeing ) her at the party yesterday .

3- My dad left ( no word – to – for - with ) Cairo . Now he isn't in Cairo .

4- Neil Armstrong was the first one ( walking – to walking – to walk – walked ) on the moon .

*************************************************************************************

Miss. Manar Saad 238

 ‫ادتخدام حروف الجر‬

………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………….
in
………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………. on at
‫س‬ٛٙ‫اٌش‬ ‫ع‬ٛ‫بَ األعج‬٠‫أ‬ َٛ١ٌ‫فزشاد ا‬
………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………….
in May / in March on Sunday / on Monday at night / at dawn
ٓ١ٕ‫اٌغ‬ ً‫اصالد ثفبص‬ٌّٛ‫عبئً ا‬ٚ
………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………….
at weekend / at midnight
in 2022 / in 1978 on a bus / on a bike at sunrise / at the moment
َٛ١ٌ‫فزشاد ا‬ ‫خ اٌّخزٍػ‬٠‫اٌزبس‬ ‫ججبد‬ٌٛ‫لجً ا‬
………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………….
in the morning on 10th May 2022 at lunch / at dinner
………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………….
in the afternoon ‫جبد‬١‫ِغ ثؼط اٌزشو‬ ‫األػّبس‬ٚ ‫لجً اٌغبػخ‬
in the evening on a farm
………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………. at 7 o'clock / at 22, .....
ً‫اصالد ثفبص‬ٌّٛ‫عبئً ا‬ٚ on holiday ‫جبد‬١‫ِغ ثؼط اٌزشو‬
………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………….
in a car / in a taxi on business at work ً‫ اٌشغ‬ٟ‫ف‬
‫جبد‬١‫ِغ ثؼط اٌزشو‬ on TV / on radio
………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………….
at Christmas / Thanksgiving
in time ‫لذ إٌّبعت‬ٌٛ‫ ا‬ٟ‫ف‬ on Facebook / on internet at your service ‫ خذِزه‬ٟ‫ف‬
in a minute ‫مخ‬١‫ْ دل‬ٛ‫ غع‬ٟ‫ف‬ on the menu
………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………….
in an hour ‫ْ عبعخ‬ٛ‫ غع‬ٟ‫ف‬ on my own ٞ‫ثّفشد‬
………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………….
on time ‫لذ اٌّحذد‬ٌٛ‫ ا‬ٟ‫ف‬
on purpose ً ‫ِزعّذا‬
………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………….
on Christmas Day
on my birthday
………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………….
on the left/the right/the corner
………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………….
Hint
What's for lunch, mom ?
………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………….
‫ ؟‬ِٟ‫ب أ‬٠ ‫ اٌغزاء‬ٍٝ‫ِبرا عٕأوً ع‬

*************************************************************************************

Choose the correct answer :

1- I was born ( in – at – on – by ) 1998 .

2- I was born ( in – at – on – by ) January .

3- I was born ( in – at – on – by ) Saturday .

4- I go to Alex ( in – at – on – by ) the weekend .

5- I don’t go to school ( in – at – on – by ) night .

6- I will talk to my father ( in – at – on – by ) lunch.

7- I don’t go to school ( in – at – on – by ) the evening .

8- I was born ( in – at – on – by ) the tenth of May 2000 .

9- I sometimes study my lessons ( in – at – on – by ) dawn .

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Miss. Manar Saad 239
Conjugation of Irregular Verbs

‫تصريف األفعال‬

Miss. Manar Saad 240

 ‫‪Present‬‬ ‫‪Past‬‬ ‫‪P.P‬‬ ‫‪Present‬‬ ‫‪Past‬‬ ‫‪P.P‬‬
‫ؼضربم‪/‬مؼفزممممممممممممممم ‪beat‬‬ ‫‪beat‬‬ ‫‪beaten‬‬ ‫ؼصؾحم‪/‬مؼصريمممممممم ‪become‬‬ ‫‪became‬‬ ‫‪become‬‬
‫ؼؾويم‪/‬مؼـينمممممممممممممممم‪bend‬‬ ‫‪bent‬‬ ‫‪bent‬‬ ‫ؼؾدأمممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪begin‬‬ ‫‪began‬‬ ‫‪begun‬‬
‫ؼراػنممممممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪bet‬‬ ‫‪bet‬‬ ‫‪bet‬‬ ‫ؼعضممممممممممممممممممممممممممم‪bite‬‬ ‫‪bit‬‬ ‫‪bitten‬‬
‫ؼـزفم‪/‬مؼدعيمممممممممممممم‪bleed‬‬ ‫‪bled‬‬ ‫‪bled‬‬ ‫ؼفبم‪/‬مؼـػخمممممممممممممممم‪blow‬‬ ‫‪blew‬‬ ‫‪blown‬‬
‫ؼؽلرممممممممممممممممممممممم‪break‬‬ ‫‪broke‬‬ ‫‪broken‬‬ ‫ؼربيم‪/‬مؼؿـادلممممممممممم‪breed‬‬ ‫‪bred‬‬ ‫‪bred‬‬
‫حيضرممممممممممممممممممممممم‪bring‬‬ ‫‪brought‬‬ ‫‪brought‬‬ ‫ؼذؼعممممممممممممم ‪broadcast‬‬ ‫‪broadcast‬‬ ‫‪broadcast‬‬
‫ؼؾينمممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪build‬‬ ‫‪built‬‬ ‫‪built‬‬ ‫حيرقم‪/‬محيرتقممممممممممم ‪burn‬‬ ‫‪burnt / -ed‬‬ ‫‪burnt / -ed‬‬
‫ؼـػفرمممممممممممممممممممممم ‪burst‬‬ ‫‪burst‬‬ ‫‪burst‬‬ ‫ؼشرتيممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪buy‬‬ ‫‪bought‬‬ ‫‪bought‬‬
‫ميلكم‪/‬مؼصطادممممممممممم ‪catch‬‬ ‫‪caught‬‬ ‫‪caught‬‬ ‫خيؿارممممممممممممممممممم ‪choose‬‬ ‫‪chose‬‬ ‫‪chosen‬‬
‫ؼؽؾفمممممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪cost‬‬ ‫‪cost‬‬ ‫‪cost‬‬ ‫ؼأتيم‪/‬محيضرممممممممممممم ‪come‬‬ ‫‪came‬‬ ‫‪come‬‬
‫ؼزحفممممممممممممممممممممم ‪creep‬‬ ‫‪crept‬‬ ‫‪crept‬‬ ‫ؼؼطعممممممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪cut‬‬ ‫‪cut‬‬ ‫‪cut‬‬
‫حيػرمممممممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪dig‬‬ ‫‪dug‬‬ ‫‪dug‬‬ ‫ؼؿعاعلممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪deal‬‬ ‫‪dealt‬‬ ‫‪dealt‬‬
‫ؼردمم‪/‬مجيرم‪/‬مؼلقبممم ‪draw‬‬ ‫‪drew‬‬ ‫‪drawn‬‬ ‫ؼػعلممممممممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪do‬‬ ‫‪did‬‬ ‫‪done‬‬
‫ؼشربممممممممممممممممممممم ‪drink‬‬ ‫‪drank‬‬ ‫‪drunk‬‬ ‫حيؾمممممممممممممممممممممم ‪dream‬‬ ‫‪dreamt/-ed‬‬ ‫‪dreamt/-ed‬‬
‫ؼأطلممممممممممممممممممممممممممممم‪eat‬‬ ‫‪ate‬‬ ‫‪eaten‬‬ ‫ؼؼودم‪/‬مجيرممممممممممممممم ‪drive‬‬ ‫‪drove‬‬ ‫‪driven‬‬
‫ؼلؼطم‪/‬مؼؼعمممممممممممممممممممم ‪fall‬‬ ‫‪fell‬‬ ‫‪fallen‬‬ ‫ؼطعمم‪/‬مؼغذيممممممممممممممم ‪feed‬‬ ‫‪fed‬‬ ‫‪fed‬‬
‫ؼشعرممممممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪feel‬‬ ‫‪felt‬‬ ‫‪felt‬‬ ‫حياربممممممممممممممممممممم ‪fight‬‬ ‫‪fought‬‬ ‫‪fought‬‬
‫جيدممممممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪find‬‬ ‫‪found‬‬ ‫‪found‬‬ ‫ؼفربممممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪flee‬‬ ‫‪fled‬‬ ‫‪fled‬‬
‫ؼلاعحم‪/‬مؼعػومسنممممم ‪forgive‬‬ ‫‪forgave‬‬ ‫‪forgiven‬‬ ‫ؼطريممممممممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪fly‬‬ ‫‪flew‬‬ ‫‪flown‬‬
‫حيصلمسؾىممممممممممممممممممممم ‪get‬‬ ‫‪got‬‬ ‫‪got‬‬ ‫ؼـلىممممممممممممممممممممم ‪forget‬‬ ‫‪forgot‬‬ ‫‪forgotten‬‬
‫ؼذػبمممممممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪go‬‬ ‫‪went‬‬ ‫‪gone‬‬ ‫ؼؿفؿدمممممممممممممممممممم ‪freeze‬‬ ‫‪froze‬‬ ‫‪frozen‬‬
‫ؼزرعم‪/‬مؼـؿوممممممممممممممم ‪grow‬‬ ‫‪grew‬‬ ‫‪grown‬‬ ‫ؼعطيممممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪give‬‬ ‫‪gave‬‬ ‫‪given‬‬
‫ميؾكممممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪have‬‬ ‫‪had‬‬ ‫‪had‬‬ ‫ؼطقنممممممممممممممممممممم ‪grind‬‬ ‫‪ground‬‬ ‫‪ground‬‬
‫خييبءم‪/‬مخيؿيبءمممممممممم ‪hide‬‬ ‫‪hid‬‬ ‫‪hidden‬‬ ‫ؼعؾقمممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪hang‬‬ ‫‪hung‬‬ ‫‪hung‬‬
‫ميلكممممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪hold‬‬ ‫‪held‬‬ ‫‪held‬‬ ‫ؼلؿعمممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪hear‬‬ ‫‪heard‬‬ ‫‪heard‬‬
‫حيػظم‪/‬مؼصونمممممممممممممم ‪keep‬‬ ‫‪kept‬‬ ‫‪kept‬‬ ‫ؼضربم‪/‬مؼصطدممبـممممممممممم ‪hit‬‬ ‫‪hit‬‬ ‫‪hit‬‬
‫‪know‬‬ ‫يعرف‬ ‫‪knew‬‬ ‫‪known‬‬ ‫ؼضرم‪/‬مؼؤذيمممممممممممممممم ‪hurt‬‬ ‫‪hurt‬‬ ‫‪hurt‬‬
‫‪lead‬‬ ‫يقود‬ ‫‪led‬‬ ‫‪led‬‬ ‫ؼضعمممممممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪lay‬‬ ‫‪laid‬‬ ‫‪laid‬‬
‫‪learn‬‬ ‫يتعلم‬ ‫‪learnt/ -ed‬‬ ‫‪learnt/ -ed‬‬ ‫ؼػؼدممممممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪lose‬‬ ‫‪lost‬‬ ‫‪lost‬‬
‫‪lend‬‬ ‫يقرض ‪ /‬يسلف‬ ‫‪lent‬‬ ‫‪lent‬‬ ‫ؼؼػزمممممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪leap‬‬ ‫‪leapt‬‬ ‫‪leapt‬‬
‫‪make‬‬ ‫يصنع ‪ /‬جيعل‬ ‫‪made‬‬ ‫‪made‬‬ ‫ؼرتكم‪/‬مؼغادرممممممممممممم ‪leave‬‬ ‫‪left‬‬ ‫‪left‬‬
‫‪meet‬‬ ‫يقابل‬ ‫‪met‬‬ ‫‪met‬‬ ‫ؼدعممممممممممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪let‬‬ ‫‪let‬‬ ‫‪let‬‬
‫ؼعينم‪/‬مؼؼصدممممممممممممم ‪mean‬‬ ‫‪meant‬‬ ‫‪meant‬‬ ‫ؼؽذبمممممممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪lie‬‬ ‫‪lied‬‬ ‫‪lied‬‬
‫‪put‬‬ ‫يضع‬ ‫‪put‬‬ ‫‪put‬‬ ‫ؼؼرأمممممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪read‬‬ ‫‪read‬‬ ‫‪read‬‬
‫‪rent‬‬ ‫يستأجر‬ ‫‪rent‬‬ ‫‪rent‬‬ ‫خيطيءممممممممممممممم ‪mistake‬‬ ‫‪mistook‬‬ ‫‪mistaken‬‬

‫‪Miss. Manar Saad‬‬ ‫‪241‬‬

‫‪ride‬‬ ‫يركب‬ ‫‪rode‬‬ ‫‪ridden‬‬ ‫ؼرنم‪/‬مؼدقممممممممممممممممممم ‪ring‬‬ ‫‪rang‬‬ ‫‪rung‬‬
‫‪rise‬‬ ‫يشرق ‪ /‬ينهض‬ ‫‪rose‬‬ ‫‪risen‬‬ ‫جيريممممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪run‬‬ ‫‪ran‬‬ ‫‪run‬‬
‫‪say‬‬ ‫يقول‬ ‫‪said‬‬ ‫‪said‬‬ ‫ؼرىمممممممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪see‬‬ ‫‪saw‬‬ ‫‪seen‬‬
‫‪seek‬‬ ‫يبحث عن‬ ‫‪sought‬‬ ‫‪sought‬‬ ‫ؼؾقعمممممممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪sell‬‬ ‫‪sold‬‬ ‫‪sold‬‬
‫‪send‬‬ ‫يرسل‬ ‫‪sent‬‬ ‫‪sent‬‬ ‫ؼؾدأم‪/‬مؼضعممممممممممممممممممممم ‪set‬‬ ‫‪set‬‬ ‫‪set‬‬
‫‪sew‬‬ ‫خييط‬ ‫‪sewed‬‬ ‫‪sewn‬‬ ‫ؼفؿزم‪/‬مؼفزمممممممممممممم ‪shake‬‬ ‫‪shook‬‬ ‫‪shaken‬‬
‫‪shed‬‬ ‫يذرف ‪ /‬يسفك‬ ‫‪shed‬‬ ‫‪shed‬‬ ‫ؼؾؿعم‪/‬مؼضيءممممممممممممم ‪shine‬‬ ‫‪shone‬‬ ‫‪shone‬‬
‫‪shoot‬‬ ‫يطلق ‪ /‬يقذف‬ ‫‪shot‬‬ ‫‪shot‬‬ ‫ؼريم‪/‬مؼؾنيممممممممممممممم ‪show‬‬ ‫‪showed‬‬ ‫‪shown‬‬
‫‪shrink‬‬ ‫ينكمش ‪ /‬يتقلص‬ ‫‪shrank‬‬ ‫‪shrunk‬‬ ‫ؼغؾقممممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪shut‬‬ ‫‪shut‬‬ ‫‪shut‬‬
‫‪sing‬‬ ‫يغين‬ ‫‪sang‬‬ ‫‪sung‬‬ ‫ؼغوصم‪/‬مؼغرقمممممممممممممم ‪sink‬‬ ‫‪sank‬‬ ‫‪sunk‬‬
‫‪sit‬‬ ‫جيلس‬ ‫‪sat‬‬ ‫‪sat‬‬ ‫ؼذبحم‪/‬مؼؼؿلممممممممممممممممم ‪slay‬‬ ‫‪slew‬‬ ‫‪slain‬‬
‫‪sleep‬‬ ‫ينام‬ ‫‪slept‬‬ ‫‪slept‬‬ ‫ؼـزظقممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪slide‬‬ ‫‪slid‬‬ ‫‪slid‬‬
‫‪smell‬‬ ‫يشم‬ ‫‪smelt‬‬ ‫‪smelt‬‬ ‫ؼؿففىممممممممممممممممممممم ‪spell‬‬ ‫‪spelt‬‬ ‫‪spelt‬‬
‫‪speak‬‬ ‫يتكلم‬ ‫‪spoke‬‬ ‫‪spoken‬‬ ‫ؼلؽبممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪spill‬‬ ‫‪spilt‬‬ ‫‪spilt‬‬
‫‪spend‬‬ ‫ينفق ‪ /‬يقضي‬ ‫‪spent‬‬ ‫‪spent‬‬ ‫ؼشقمممممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪split‬‬ ‫‪split‬‬ ‫‪split‬‬
‫ؼوضظمممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪wake‬‬ ‫‪woke / -d‬‬ ‫‪woken / -d‬‬ ‫ؼـشرم‪/‬مؼـؿشرممممممممم ‪spread‬‬ ‫‪spread‬‬ ‫‪spread‬‬
‫‪spoil‬‬ ‫يفسد‬ ‫‪spoilt‬‬ ‫‪spoilt‬‬ ‫ؼؼفممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪stand‬‬ ‫‪stood‬‬ ‫‪stood‬‬
‫‪throw‬‬ ‫يرمي ‪ /‬يقذف‬ ‫‪threw‬‬ ‫‪thrown‬‬ ‫ؼؾصقمممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪stick‬‬ ‫‪stuck‬‬ ‫‪stuck‬‬
‫‪steal‬‬ ‫يسرق‬ ‫‪stole‬‬ ‫‪stolen‬‬ ‫ؼؼلممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪swear‬‬ ‫‪swore‬‬ ‫‪sworn‬‬
‫‪sting‬‬ ‫يلدغ‬ ‫‪stung‬‬ ‫‪stung‬‬ ‫ؼؽلبم‪/‬مؼربحممممممممممممممم ‪win‬‬ ‫‪won‬‬ ‫‪won‬‬
‫‪strike‬‬ ‫يضرب ‪ /‬خيبط‬ ‫‪struck‬‬ ‫‪struck‬‬ ‫ؼـلقبمممممممممم ‪withdraw‬‬ ‫‪withdrew‬‬ ‫‪withdrawn‬‬
‫‪sweep‬‬ ‫يكنس ‪ /‬يكتسح‬ ‫‪swept‬‬ ‫‪swept‬‬ ‫خيربممممممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪tell‬‬ ‫‪told‬‬ ‫‪told‬‬
‫‪swim‬‬ ‫يسبح‬ ‫‪swam‬‬ ‫‪swum‬‬ ‫ؼػؽرم‪/‬مؼعؿؼدممممممممممممم ‪think‬‬ ‫‪thought‬‬ ‫‪thought‬‬
‫‪spit‬‬ ‫يبصق‬ ‫‪spat‬‬ ‫‪spat‬‬ ‫ؼـلجممممممممممممممممممممم ‪weave‬‬ ‫‪wove‬‬ ‫‪woven‬‬
‫ؼشـقممممممممممممممممممممممم ‪hang‬‬ ‫‪hanged‬‬ ‫‪hanged‬‬ ‫ؼػفمممممممممممم ‪understand‬‬ ‫‪understood‬‬ ‫‪understood‬‬
‫‪take‬‬ ‫أيخذ‬ ‫‪took‬‬ ‫‪taken‬‬ ‫‪write‬‬ ‫يكتب‬ ‫‪wrote‬‬ ‫‪written‬‬
‫‪tear‬‬ ‫ميزق‬ ‫‪tore‬‬ ‫‪torn‬‬ ‫‪wear‬‬ ‫يلبس ‪ /‬يرتدي‬ ‫‪wore‬‬ ‫‪worn‬‬

‫‪With My Best Wishes‬‬

‫‪Miss. Manar Saad AbdelAziz‬‬

‫‪Miss. Manar Saad‬‬ ‫‪242‬‬