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Seminar 8

The document contains exercises for practice in vector spaces, focusing on dot products, orthogonal and orthonormal bases, and projections in R2, R3, and R4. It includes tasks such as verifying dot products, applying the Gram-Schmidt algorithm, and finding projections of polynomials. Additionally, it presents homework questions that challenge the understanding of dot products and orthogonal complements in various matrix and polynomial spaces.

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adilhan200721
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19 views2 pages

Seminar 8

The document contains exercises for practice in vector spaces, focusing on dot products, orthogonal and orthonormal bases, and projections in R2, R3, and R4. It includes tasks such as verifying dot products, applying the Gram-Schmidt algorithm, and finding projections of polynomials. Additionally, it presents homework questions that challenge the understanding of dot products and orthogonal complements in various matrix and polynomial spaces.

Uploaded by

adilhan200721
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Exercises for practice lesson 8

(1) Assume in the vector space R2 given the mapping


⟨u, v⟩ = u1 v1 − u1 v2 − u2 v1 + 3u2 v2
(a) Show that
 this
 mapping  isdot product.
1 3
(b) For u = and v = nd ⟨u, v⟩, ∥u∥ and ∥v∥.
5 4
(2) Let V be the vector space of polynomials over R of degree ≤ 2 with dot
product dened by
Z 1
⟨f, g⟩ = f (t)g(t)dt
0
Find a basis
 ofthe subspace W orthogonal to h(t) = 2t + 1.
1
−2
(3) Let w = −1 be a vector in Euclidean space R . Find
 4

3
(a) an orthogonal basis for w⊥ ;
(b) an orthonormal basis for w⊥ .
(4) Let U be the subspace of Euclidean space R4 spanned by
     
1 1 1
1 −1 2
1 , u2 =  2  , u3 = −3
u1 =      
1 2 −4
(a) Apply the GramSchmidt algorithm to nd an orthogonal and an orthonormal
basis for U ;  
1
2
(b) Find the projection of v = −3 onto U .

4
(5) Consider P (t) with dot product
Z 1
⟨f, g⟩ = f (t)g(t)dt
−1
and the subspace W = P3 (t):
(a) Find an orthogonal basis for W by applying the GramSchmidt algorithm
to {1, t, t2 , t3 };
(b) Find the projection of f (t) = t5 onto W .

1
2

Home work 8
(1) Show that each of the following is not a dot product on R3
(a) ⟨u, v⟩ = u1 v1 + u2 v2 ;
(b) ⟨u, v⟩ = u1 v2 u3 + v1 u2 v3 .

(2) Let M = M2×2 with dot product ⟨A, B⟩ = tr(B T A). Find an orthogonal
basis for the orthogonal complement of
(a) diagonal matrices;
(b) symmetric matrices.

(3) Consider the subspace W = P2 (t) of P (t) with dot product


Z 1
⟨f, g⟩ = f (t)g(t)dt
0
(a) Find an angle between vectors f (t) = t + 1 and g(t) = t2 − 1;
(b) Find an orthogonal basis for W with integer coecients;
(c) Find the projection of f (t) = t3 onto W .

(4) Find an orthonormal basis for this subspace of Euclidean space R4 .


 
x
y 
W = { z  : x − y − z + w = 0 and x + z = 0}.

w

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