Created by T.
Madas
HEAVISIDE
FUNCTION
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 1
The Heaviside function H ( t ) is defined as
1 t ≥ 0
H (t ) =
0 t < 0
Determine the Laplace transform of H ( t − c ) .
e −cs
L ( H (t − c )) =
s
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 2
The Heaviside step function H ( t ) is defined as
1 t ≥ 0
H (t ) =
0 t < 0
Determine the Laplace transform of H ( t − c ) f ( t − c ) , where f ( t ) is a continuous or
piecewise continuous function defined for t ≥ 0 .
L ( H ( t − c ) f ( t − c ) ) = e −cs L ( f ( t ) )
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 3
The piecewise continuous function f ( t ) is defined as
4 0≤t ≤2
f ( t ) = 12 − 4t 2<t ≤4
t −8 t>4
a) Sketch the graph of f ( t ) .
b) Express f ( t ) in terms of the Heaviside step function, and hence find the
Laplace transform of f ( t ) .
MM3-B ,
8 4e−2 s 5e−4 s
f (t ) = 4 H (t ) − 4 (t − 2) H (t − 2) + 5 (t − 4) H (t − 4) , L ( f (t )) = − 2 + 2
s s s
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 4
The piecewise continuous function f ( t ) is defined as
8 0≤t ≤4
12 − t 4 < t ≤ 6
f (t ) = 6 6 < t ≤ 10
11 − 1 t t > 10
2
Express f ( t ) in terms of the Heaviside step function, and hence find the Laplace
transform of f ( t ) .
f ( t ) = 8 H ( t ) − ( t − 4 ) H ( t − 4 ) + ( t − 4 ) H ( t − 6 ) − 1 ( t − 10 ) H ( t − 10 ) ,
2
8 e−4 s e −6 s e−10 s
L ( f (t )) = − 2 + 2 −
s s s 2s 2
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 5
The piecewise continuous function f ( t ) is defined as
7 − 2t 0<t ≤3
1 3<t ≤7
f (t ) =
t −6 7 < t ≤ 15
0 t − 7.5 > 7.5
Express f ( t ) in terms of the Heaviside step function, and hence find the Laplace
transform of f ( t ) .
f ( t ) = ( 7 − 2t ) H ( t ) + 2 ( t − 3) H ( t − 3) + ( t − 7 ) H ( t − 7 ) − ( t − 15) H ( t − 15) − 9H ( t −15) ,
L ( f (t )) =
( )
s 7 − 9e −15 s − 2 + 2e −3s + e−7 s − e−15s
s2
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 6
The piecewise continuous function f ( t ) is defined as
−1 2 3e− s 3e −3s
f (t ) = L + 2 − 2 .
s s s
Sketch the graph of f ( t ) .
graph
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 7
The piecewise continuous function f ( t ) is defined as
−1 e
−2 s
f (t ) = L 2 (3s e2s − 4 es + 5) .
s
a) Determine an expression for f ( t ) .
b) Sketch the graph of f ( t ) .
f ( t ) = 3H ( t ) − 4 ( t − 1) H ( t − 1) + 5 ( t − 2 ) H ( t − 2 )
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 8
The piecewise continuous function f ( t ) is defined as
1
( )
f ( t ) = L−1 2 2 − 2e −4 s − e −6 s .
s
Sketch the graph of f ( t ) .
MM3-A , graph
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 9
The piecewise continuous function f ( t ) is defined as
−1 2 − 3e + e −8 s
−4 s
f (t ) = L .
s2
Sketch the graph of f ( t ) .
graph
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 10
The piecewise continuous function f ( t ) is defined as
s 7 − 9e −15 s − 2 + 2e −3s + e−7 s − e−15 s
( )
−1 .
f (t ) = L
s 2
Sketch the graph of f ( t ) .
graph
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 11
The piecewise continuous function f ( t ) is defined as
1 − e−2 s 1 + e−4 s
( )( )
−1 .
f (t ) = L
s 2
Sketch the graph of f ( t ) .
graph
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 12
The Heaviside function H ( x ) is defined by
1 x≥0
H( x) =
0 x<0
By introducing the converging factor e−ε x and letting ε → 0 , determine the Fourier
transform of H ( x ) .
1 ε
You may assume that δ ( t ) = lim 2 2 .
π ε →0 ε + t
1 i
F [ H( x)] = πδ ( k ) − k
2π
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 13
The function f is defined by
1 x>0
f ( x ) = sign( x) =
−1 x<0
−ε x
a) By introducing the converging factor e and letting ε → 0 , find the Fourier
transform of f .
−ε x
b) By introducing the converging factor e and letting ε → 0 , find the Fourier
transform of g ( x ) = 1 .
1 ε
You may assume that δ ( t ) = lim 2 2 .
π ε →0 ε + t
c) Hence determine the Fourier transform of the Heaviside function H ( x ) ,
1 x≥0
H( x) =
0 x<0
i 1 1 i
F [sign( x)] = − , F [1] = 2π δ ( k ) , F [ H( x)] = πδ ( k ) − k
k π 2π
Created by T. Madas
