12 SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

Level 1 of oscillation is a. A large number of photographs

of the particle are shot at regular intervals of
time with a high speed camera. It was found that
Q. 1. (i) The acceleration (a) of a particle moving
photographs having the particle at x1 + x were
along a straight line is related to time (t) as
maximum in number and photographs having the
per the differential equation . b is particle at x2 + x were least in number. What are
a positive constant. Is the particle performing values of x1 and x2?
SHM? If yes, what is the time period? Q. 5. Position vector of a particle as a function of time

(ii) A particle is executing SHM on a straight is given by

line. A and B are two points at which its    R = (a sin wt) î + (a cos wt) ĵ + (b sin w0t) k̂
velocity is zero. It passes through a certain The particle appears to be performing simple
point P (AP < PB) with a speed of 3 m/s at harmonic motion along z direction, to an observer
times recorded as t = 0, 0.5 s, 2.0 s, 2.5 s, moving in xy plane.
4.0 s, 4.5 s......Determine the maximum speed
(a) Describe the path of the observer.
of the particle and also the ratio AP/PB.
(b) Write the distance travelled by the observer
Q. 2. The position – time graph for two particles- 1 and
himself in the time interval he sees the
2- performing SHM along X axis has been shown
particle completing one oscillation.
in the fig.
Q. 6. A wheel is revolving at an angular speed of w.
(a) Write the velocity of the two particles as a
A pin welded at the circumference of the wheel
function of time.
forces a T shaped body to move up and down. The
(b) If the energy of SHM for the two particles is pin slides freely inside the slot of the yoke as the
same write the ratio of their masses. wheel rotates. The T shaped body is constrained
x
2
to move vertically by a set of walls.

A 1
yoke
t
t0 2t0

-2A
Pin
Q. 3. A particle moves along X axis such that its w
acceleration is given by a = – b(x – 2),where b is a
positive constant and x is the position co-ordinate.
(a) Is the motion simple harmonic? A
Wall
(b) Calculate the time period of oscillations.
(c) How far is the origin of co-ordinate system
(a) Find the time period of oscillatory motion of
from the equilibrium position?
point A at the base of the T shaped body
Q. 4. A particle is performing simple harmonic motion
(b) Is the motion of A simple harmonic?
along the x axis about the origin. The amplitude
12.2 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

Q. 7. (i) A particle is performing simple harmonic other end of the massless spring has a particle
motion with time period T. At an instant its of mass m connected to it. With what maximum
speed is 60% of its maximum value and is amplitude can the particle oscillate up and down
increasing. After an interval t its speed such that the block does not lose contact with the
becomes 80% of its maximum value and is table?
decreasing. Find the smallest value of t in M
terms of T.
(ii) A particle is doing SHM of amplitude
0.5 m and period p seconds. When in a
position of instantaneous rest, it is given an k
impulse which imparts a velocity of 1 m/s
towards the equilibrium position. Find the m
new amplitude of oscillation and find how
much less time will it take to arrive at the next Q. 11. A block of mass m is moving along positive x
position of instantaneous rest as compared to direction on a smooth horizontal surface with
the case if the impulse had not been applied. velocity u. It enters a rough horizontal region at
x = 0. The coefficient of friction in this rough
Q. 8. A block of mass M is tied to a spring of force region varies according to m = ax, where ‘a’ is
constant k and placed on a smooth horizontal a positive constant and x is displacement of the
surface. The natural length of the spring is L. P block in the rough region. Find the time for which
is a point on the spring at a distance from its the block will slide in this rough region.
fixed end. The block is set in oscillations with Q. 12. (i) In the shown arrangement, both springs are
amplitude A. Find the maximum speed of point P relaxed. The coefficient of friction between
on the spring. m2 and m1 is m. There is no friction between
m1 and the horizontal surface. The blocks are
P k displaced slightly and released. They move
A M
together without slipping on each other.

Q. 9. A particle of mass m is suspended with the help k2

of a spring and an inextensible string as shown k1 m2
in the figure. Force constant of the spring is k. m1
The particle is pulled down from its equilibrium
position by a distance x and released. (a) If the small displacement of blocks is x then
find the magnitude of acceleration of m2.
What is time period of oscillations?
String
1
(b) Find the ratio so that the frictional force
2

on m2 acts in the direction of its displacement

Spring
from the mean position.
m (ii) Two small blocks of same mass m are
connected to two identical springs as shown
(a) Find maximum value of x for which the in fig. Both springs have stiffness K and they
motion of the particle will remain simple are in their natural length when the blocks
harmonic. are at point O. Both the blocks are pushed
(b) Find maximum tension in the string if so that one of the springs get compressed
mg by a distance a and the other by a/2. Both
x .
k the blocks are released from this position
Q. 10. A block of mass M is placed on top of a hole in simultaneously. Find the time period of
a horizontal table. A spring of force constant k oscillations of the blocks if - (neglect the
is connected to the block through the hole. The dimensions of the blocks)
 Simple Harmonic Motion 12.3

a
a/2 calculate the period. If there is a device which can
change the tension in the wire at will , how will
k m k
O
the time period change if tension in the wire is
increased?
(a) Collisions between them are elastic. A
(b) Collisions between them are perfectly l T
inelastic. W

Q. 13. Two blocks of mass 10 kg and 2 kg are connected x

l
by an ideal spring of spring constant K = 800 N/m T
and the system is placed on a horizontal surface B
as shown.
10 kg 2 kg Q. 16. A simple pendulum oscillating with a small
µ = 0.5 µ=0
amplitude has a time period of T = 1.0s. A
horizontal thin rod is now placed beneath the
The coefficient of friction between 10 kg block point of suspension at a distance equal to half the
and surface is 0.5 but friction is absent between length of the pendulum. The string collides with
2 kg and the surface. Initially blocks are at rest and the rod once in each oscillation and there is no
spring is relaxed. The 2 kg block is displaced to loss of energy in such collisions. Find the new
elongate the spring by 1 cm and is then released. time period T´ of the pendulum.
(a) Will 10 kg block move subsequently? Q. 17. (i) A small steel ball (B) is at rest on the edge of a
(b) Draw a graph representing variation of table of height h. Another identical steel ball
magnitude of frictional force on 10 kg block (A) is tied to a light string of length L =1.0 m
with time. Time t is measured from that and is released from the position shown so
instant when 2 kg block is released to move. that it swings like a pendulum. At the lowest
position of its path it hits the ball B which
Q.14. A particle of mass m is tied at the end of a light
string of length L, whose other end is fixed at is at rest. Ball B flies off the table and hits
the ground in time t. After collision the ball
point C (fig), and is revolving in a horizontal
A keeps moving for a time t´ before coming
circle of radius r to form a conical pendulum. A
to rest for the first time. Find the value of h if
parallel horizontal beam of light forms shadow of
t = t´. Collision between the balls is head on
the particle on a vertical wall.
and coefficient of restitution is e = 0.995.
C
L=1m O
A
L L
Light
r
O Wall B
m
If the tension in the string is F find - h

(a) The maximum acceleration of the shadow

moving on the wall.
(b) The time period of the shadow moving on the (ii) A pendulum has a particle of mass m attached
wall. to a massless rod of length L. The rod is
Q.15. A small ball of mass m is attached to the middle released from a position where it makes an
π
of a tightly stretched perfectly flexible wire AB angle θ 0  <  with the vertical. The time
of length 2 l ( ). The ball is given a small  2
lateral displacement in horizontal direction and period of oscillation is observed to be T0.
released. The initial tension (T) in the wire is high Another similar pendulum has a rod of length
and change in it due to small lateral displacement 2L. Time period of this pendulum when
of the ball can be neglected. Prove that the ball released from position q0 is T. Which is larger
will perform simple harmonic motion, and T or T0?
12.4 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

Q. 18. A disc of mass M = 2m and radius R is pivoted at separation between A and B is always less than or
its centre. The disc is free to rotate in the vertical equal to a.
plane about its horizontal axis through its centre (a) Find the phase difference between the
O. A particle of mass m is stuck on the periphery of particles.
the disc. Find the frequency of small oscillations
of the system about its equilibrium position. (b) If distance between the two particles is
plotted with time, with what frequency will
the graph oscillate?
Q. 22. (i) A particle of mass m executes SHM in xy-
O plane along a straight line AB. The points A
(a, a) and B (– a, – a) are the two extreme
R positions of the particle. The particle takes
time T to move from one extreme A to the
other extreme B. Find the x component of
m
the force acting on the particle as a function
Q. 19. A rigid body is to be suspended like a physical of time if at t = 0 the particle is at A.
pendulum so as to have a time period of T = 0.2p

(ii) Two particle A and B are performing SHM
second for small amplitude oscillations. The
along X-axis and Y-axis respectively with
minimum distance of the point of suspension from
equal amplitude and frequency of 2 cm and
the centre of mass of the body is l1 = 0.4 m to get
1 Hz respectively. Equilibrium positions for
this time period. Find the maximum distance (l2)
the particles A and B are at the coordinate
of a point of suspension from the centre of mass
(3, 0) and (0, 4) respectively. At t = 0, B is at its
of the body so as to get the same time period.
equilibrium position and moving toward the
[g = 10 m/s2]
origin, while A is nearest to the origin. Find the
Q. 20. A square plate of mass M and side length L is maximum and minimum distances between A
hinged at one of its vertex (A) and is free to rotate and B during their course of motion.
about it. Find the time period of small oscillations
Q. 23. A particle is performing SHM along x – axis and
if
equation for its motion is x = a cos (pt)
t
A Let the time t be expressed as = n + m

Where n = 0,1,2,3,4.... and m is a positive fraction.

Calculate the distance travelled by the particle
during the interval from t = 0 to t = t if
(a) m < 0.5 (b) m > 0.5
(a) the plate performs oscillations in the vertical
Q. 24. Two blocks A and B having mass m = 1 kg and
plane of the figure. (Axis is perpendicular to
M = 4 kg respectively are attached to a spring
figure.)
and placed vertically on a weighing machine as
(b) the plate performs oscillations about a shown in the figure. Block A is held so that the
horizontal axis passing through A lying in the spring is relaxed. A is released from this position
plane of the figure. and it performs simple harmonic motion with
angular frequency w = 25 rad s–1. The spring
Level 2 remains vertical.
A

Q. 21. Two particles A and B are describing SHM of same

amplitude (a) and same frequency (f) along a
common straight line. The mean positions of the
two SHMs are also same but the particles have B
a constant phase difference between them. It is
observed that during the course of motion the
 Simple Harmonic Motion 12.5

(a) Find the reading of the weighing machine of the block (represented by line AB) always
as a function of time. Take t = 0 when A is remains horizontal.
released.
(b) What is the maximum reading of the weighing
machine?
Q. 25. A block of mass M rests on a smooth horizontal
table. There is a small gap in the table under
the block through which a pendulum has been
k1 k2
attached to the block. The bob of the simple
pendulum has mass m and length of the pendulum A B
is L. The pendulum is set into small oscillations
M
in the vertical plane of the figure. Calculate its
time period. The table does not interfere with the
motion of the string. Q. 28. (i) In the system shown in figure, find the
time period of vertical oscillations of the
M block A. Both the blocks A and B have
equal mass of m and the force constant of
the ideal spring is k. Pulley and threads are
massless.
L

m k
Q. 26. A circular wire frame of radius R is rotating about A
its fixed vertical diameter. A bead on the wire
remains at rest relative to the wire at a position
in which the radius makes an angle q with the
vertical (see figure). There is no friction between
the bead and the wire frame. Prove that the bead
will perform SHM (in the reference frame of the B
wire) if it is displaced a little from its equilibrium
position. Calculate the time period of oscillation. (ii) In the arrangement shown in the figure
the spring, string and the pulley are mass
less. The force constant of the spring is k.
A rope of mass per unit length equal to l
(kg m–1) hangs from the string as shown. In
equilibrium a length L of the rope is in air
O
and its bottom part lies in a heap on the floor.
The rope is very thin and size of the heap is
R
q negligible though the heap contains a fairly
long length of the rope. The rope is raised by
a very small distance and released. Show that
motion will be simple harmonic and calculate
the time period. Assume that the hanging part
Q. 27. In the system shown in the figure the string, of the rope does not experience any force
springs and pulley are light. The force constant from the heap or the floor (For example there
of the two springs are k1 = k and k2 = 2k. Block is no impact force while the rope hits the
of mass M is pulled vertically down from its floor while moving downward and there is no
equilibrium position and released. Calculate the impulsive pull when the vertical part jerks a
angular frequency of oscillation. The top surface small element of heap into motion).
 12.6 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

(a) Find maximum value of mass (m) of the ball

for which the block will not lose contact with
the ground?
(b) If the stand is not tall enough and the ball
String makes elastic impact with the block, will your
answer to part (a) change?
k
Q. 31. Two ideal springs of same make (the springs differ
Rope L
heap
in their lengths only) have been suspended from
points A and B such that their free ends C and D
are at same horizontal level. A massless rod PQ
Q. 29. A box B of mass M hangs from an ideal spring of is attached to the ends of the springs. A block of
force constant k. A small particle, also of mass M, mass m is attached to the rod at point R. The rod
is stuck to the ceiling of the box and the system remains horizontal in equilibrium. Now the block
is in equilibrium. The particle gets detached from is pulled down and released. It performs vertical
the ceiling and falls to strike the floor of the box. m
oscillations with time period T = 2π where
It takes time ‘t’ for the particle to hit the floor after 3k
it gets detached from the ceiling. The particle, k is the force constant of the longer spring.
on hitting the floor, sticks to it and the system A
thereafter oscillates with a time period T. Find the
T
height H of the box if it is given that t . B
6 2 k
Assume that the floor and ceiling of the box always
remain horizontal.
P R Q
C D

k m

(a) Find the ratio of length RC and RD.

A
(b) Find the difference in heights of point A and
B if it is given that natural length of spring BD
H is L.
B
Q. 32. A block of mass M connected to an ideal spring of
Q. 30. A block has a L shaped stand fixed to it. Mass force constant k lies in equilibrium on the smooth
of the block with the stand is M. At the free end floor of a room. The other end of the spring is
of the stand there is a spring which carries a ball fixed to the left wall of the room. The room begins
of mass m. With the spring in its natural length, to move to the right with a constant acceleration
the ball is released. It begins to oscillate and the a0. In the reference frame of the room the block
stand is tall enough so that the ball does not hit the begins to perform simple harmonic motion.
block.

a0

k k M
x
x=0
m
At a certain instant (say t = t0) when the block was
M at its left extreme, the acceleration of the room
vanishes. Plot the x – t graph for the block taking
time t = 0 when the room started accelerating.
 Simple Harmonic Motion 12.7

Show the graph till time t0 and beyond that. Take

origin to be at the left wall and positive x direction
towards right (as shown in figure). Assume no d d
collision of the block with walls.
Q. 33. A block of mass M connected to an ideal spring
of force constant k, is placed on a smooth surface. v
The block is pushed to the left so as to compress
the spring by a length A and then it is released. Q. 36. Two blocks rest on a smooth horizontal surface.
3 They are connected by a spring of force constant
The block hits an elastic wall at a distance
2 k. If the system is set into oscillation find its time
from its point of release. Assume the collision to period.
be instantaneous. k
m1 m2
(a) Calculate the time required by the block to
complete one oscillation
Q. 37. Two blocks A (2 kg) and B (3 kg) rest on a
(b) Draw the velocity – time graph for one
smooth horizontal surface, connected by a spring
oscillation of the block.
of stiffness k = 120 N/m. Initially, the spring is
A A/2
relaxed. At t = 0, A is imparted a velocity u = 2 m/s
towards right. Find displacement of block A as a
k
M
function of time.
x 3 kg 2 kg
O
B A
(c) Find the value of k for which average force
experienced by the wall due to repeated hitting Q. 38. A spring has force constant k = 200 N/m and its
of the block is F0. one end is fixed. There is a block of mass 2 kg
Q. 34. A particle of mass m is constrained to move along attached to its other end and the system lies on a
a straight line. A and B are two fixed points on the smooth horizontal table. The block is pulled so
line at a separation of L. When the particle is at that the extension in the spring becomes 0.05 m.
some point P, between A and B, it is acted upon by At this position the block is projected with a speed
two forces of 1 m/s in the direction of increasing extension of

  6mg   
  3mg   the spring. Consider time t = 0 at the moment the
F1 =   PA and F2 =   PB block is projected and find
 L   L 
(a) the extension (or compression) in the spring
At time t = 0, the particle is projected from A as a function of time.
towards B with a speed of gL .
(b) the maximum extension in the spring and the
At what time ‘t’ will the particle reach at B for the time at which it occurs for the first time.
first time? (c) the time after which the speed of the block
A P B becomes maximum for the first time.
Given: sin–1 (0.446) = 0.46 radian
Q. 35. An equilateral prism of mass m is kept on a smooth
table between two identical springs each having Q. 39. Two identical simple pendulums A and B are
a force constant of k. The two springs have their fixed at same point. They are displaced by very
lengths perpendicular to the inclined faces of the small angles a and b ( = 2 a) respectively and are
prism and are constrained to remain straight. The simultaneously released from rest at time t = 0.
ends of the springs have light pads aligned parallel Collisions between the pendulum bobs are elastic
to the faces of the prism, and distance between and length of each pendulum is l .
pads and the incline faces is d. The prism is (a) What is the minimum number of collisions
imparted a velocity v to the right. Find time period between the bobs after which the pendulum
of its oscillation. B will again reach its original position from
where it was released?
12.8 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

(b) Find the time (t) at which B reaches its initial

M
position for the first time after the release.
0 cm A
(c) Write the kinetic energy of pendulum B just 30
after nth collision? Take mass of each bob to
be m.

B
k
a b

30°

and then gets pushed back. How much time after

B its release, the block will be back to point A?
A

Q. 43. Two tunnels - T1 and T2 are dug across the earth as

Q. 40. Two spheres A and B of the same mass m and shown in figure. One end of the two tunnels have a
the same radius are placed on a rough horizontal common meeting point on the surface of the earth.
surface. A is a uniform hollow sphere and B is Two particles P1 and P2 are oscillating from one
uniform solid sphere. They are tied centrally to end to the other end of the tunnels. At some instant
a light spring of spring constant k as shown in particles are at mid point of their tunnels as shown
figure. A and B are released when the extension in figure. Then –
in the spring is x0. Friction is sufficient and
the spheres do not slip on the surface. Find the T1
frequency and amplitude of SHM of the sphere A.
A B
T2
K
P1
v2
v1 P2
60°
Q. 41. Two small blocks of mass m and 4m are connected
to two springs as shown in fig. Both springs have
stiffness K and they are in their natural length J
when the blocks are at point O. Both the blocks are
pushed so that both the springs get compressed by (a) Write phase difference between the particle
a distance a. First the block of mass m is released P1 and P2. Can the two particles ever meet?

a a (b) Write the ratio of maximum velocity of

m 4m
particle P1 and P2.
k k
O
Q. 44. The given figure shows the variation of the kinetic
energy of a simple pendulum with its angular
 
and after it travels through a distance 1 − 3  , displacement (q) from the vertical. Mass of the
 2  pendulum bob is m = 0.2 kg. Find the time period

the second block is also released. of the pendulum. Take g = 10 ms–2.
(a) At what distance from point O will the two
kE (10–3J)
blocks collide? 20
(b) How much time the two blocks need to
collide after the block of mass 4m is released?
10
Q. 42. A block of mass M = 40 kg is released on a smooth
incline from point A. After travelling through a
length of 30 cm it strikes an ideal spring of force q (10–3 rad)
-100 O 100
constant K = 1000 N/m. It compresses the spring
 Simple Harmonic Motion 12.9

Q. 45. Two identical small elastic balls have been line AP.
suspended using two strings of different length (b) Assuming that the triangle APB makes a
(see fig (a)). Pendulum A is pulled to left by a small angle q with the vertical plane, write the
small angle q0 and released. It hits ball B head restoring torque acting on the rod.
on which swings to angle 2q0 from the vertical.
Calculate the time period of oscillation of A if its (c) Calculate the time period of small oscillations.
length is known to be L. A 1.25 L P

0.75 L
L

q0
L
2q0 B

Q. 48. A railway tank wagon with its 2m diameter and

6m long horizontal cylindrical body, half full of
petrol is driven around a curve of radius 100m, at
a speed of 8.33 m/s. The curve runs smoothly into
A B a straight track and the train maintains a constant
(a) (b) speed. Find the angular amplitude and frequency
of subsequent oscillation of the petrol due to this
Q. 46. A simple pendulum of length L has a bob of mass change of motion. Neglect viscosity and consider
m. The bob is connected to light horizontal spring petrol as a solid semi cylinder sliding inside the
of force constant k. The spring is relaxed when the tank. Given: tan–1 (0.07) ª 4º
pendulum is vertical (see fig (i)).
Q. 49. A pendulum consists of an inextensible thread
(a) The bob is pulled slightly and released. Find connected to a solid spherical ball of radius r.
the time period of small oscillations. Assume The distance between the point of suspension
that the spring remains horizontal. and the centre of the ball is L (>> r). Calculate
(b) The spring is replaced with an elastic cord the percentage difference in the time period of this
of force constant k. The cord is relaxed when pendulum to the time period of a simple pendulum
the pendulum is vertical (see fig (ii)). The bob of length L. How large is this difference for
is pulled slightly and released. Find the time r = 5 cm and L = 100 cm.
period of oscillations. Q. 50. A disc of radius r is connected to a string of length
L. The string is tied to a point on the circumference
of the disc. This system is made to oscillate in
vertical plane of the disc with a small angular
l l
amplitude q0. Find the speed of the lowest point of
the disc at the moment the string become vertical.
O
k k

(i) (ii)

Q. 47. A uniform rod AB of mass m and length L is tied, L

at its end B, to a thread which is attached to point
P on the ceiling. Length of the thread PB is 0.75
L. The other end A of the rod is hinged at a point r
on the ceiling. Distance AP = 1.25 L. End B of the
rod is pushed gently perpendicular to the plane of
the figure and it starts oscillating Q. 51. (i) A cylindrical container has area of cross
section equal to 4A and it contains a non
(a) Find the moment of inertia of the rod about
viscous liquid of density 2r. A wooden
12.10 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

cylinder of cross sectional area A and length Find the frequency of small oscillations of the
L has density r. It is held vertically with particle about its equilibrium position
its lower surface touching the liquid. It is
released from this position. Assume that the Level 3
depth of the container is sufficient and the
cylinder does not touch the bottom.
Q. 54. Two particles of mass m1 and m2 are connected
(a) Find amplitude of oscillation of the wooden by a spring of natural length L and force constant
cylinder. k. The masses are brought close enough so as
(b) Find time period of its oscillation. to compress the spring completely and a string
is used to tie the system. Assume that length of
spring in this position is close to zero. The system
L
is projected with a velocity V0 along the positive x
direction. At the instant it reaches origin at time t
= 0, the string snaps and the spring starts opening.
Vo
m2 m1
X
o
(a) Show that the mass m1 (or m2) will perform
(ii) Two cubical blocks of side length a and 2a SHM in the reference frame attached to the
are stuck symmetrically as shown in the centre of mass of the system. Find the time
figure. The combined block is floating in period of oscillation.
water with the bigger block just submerged
(b) Write the amplitude of m1 and m2 as a
completely. The block is pushed down a
function of time.
little and released. Find the time period of its
oscillations. Neglect viscosity. (c) Write the X co ordinates of m1 and m2 as a
a function of time
Q. 55. Two simple pendulums A and B have length 4 l
and l respectively. They are released from rest
from the position shown. Both the angles a and b
2a
are small. Calculate the time after which the two
string become parallel for the first time if–
Q. 52. A hollow cylindrical shell of radius R has mass M. (a) a = b (b) b = 1.5 a
It is completely filled with ice having mass m. It is
placed on a horizontal floor connected to a spring
(force constant k) as shown. When it is disturbed a l
b
it performs oscillations without slipping on the
B
floor. 4l

A
(a) Find time period of oscillation assuming that Q. 56. A simple pendulum has a bob of mass m and it
the ice is tightly pressed against the inner is oscillating with a small angular amplitude of
surface of the cylinder. q0. Calculate the average tension in the string
(b) If the ice melts into non viscous water, find averaged over one time period. [For small q take
the time period of oscillations. (Neglect any θ2
cos θ  1 − ]
volume change due to melting of ice) 2
Q. 53. A particle of mass m is free to move along x axis Q. 57. Assume a smooth hole drilled along the diameter
under the influence of a conservative force. The of the earth. If a stone is dropped at one end it
potential energy of the particle is given by reaches the other end of the hole after a Time T0.
U = – axne–bx
[a and b are positive constants] Now instead of dropping the stone, you throw it
 Simple Harmonic Motion 12.11

into the hole with an initial velocity u. How big two SHMs. Write frequency of the component
should u be, so that the stone appears at the other SHMs.
T0
end of the hole after a time . Express your
2
answer in terms of acceleration due to gravity on k m k m k
1 2
the surface of the earth (g) and the radius of the +ve
earth (R).
Q. 58. A large horizontal turntable is rotating with Q. 61. Four identical mass less rods are connected by
constant angular speed w in counterclockwise hinged joints to form a rhombus of side length L.
sense. A person standing at the centre, begins to Rods can rotate freely about the joints. The joints
walk eastward with a constant speed V relative B and D are connected by a mass less spring of
to the table. Taking origin at the centre and X relaxed length 1.5 L. The system is suspended
direction to be eastward calculate the maximum X vertically with a load of mass M attached at C
co-ordinate of the person. (see fig). In equilibrium the rods form an angle
of 30° with the vertical. Find time period of small
Q. 59. A spherical cavity of radius is removed from oscillations of the load.
a solid sphere of radius R as shown in fig. The A
sphere is placed on a rough horizontal surface as
shown. The sphere is given a gentle push. Friction
L L
is large enough to prevent slippage. Prove that the
sphere perform SHM and find the time period.
B D

R/2
R
L L

o C

Q. 62. Two identical blocks 1 and 2, each of mass m, are

Q. 60. Two blocks 1 and 2, each having mass m, are placed kept on a smooth horizontal surface, connected to
on a smooth table connected to three identical three springs as shown in the figure. Each spring
springs as shown in the figure. Each spring has a has a force constant k. Under suitable initial
force constant K. Initially, all springs are relaxed. conditions, the two blocks oscillate in phase and
The system is disturbed and starts moving. Let their respective displacement from the mean
x1 and x2 represent the displacements of the two position is given by
blocks from their respective mean positions.
m m
(a) Prove that the quantity A = x1 + x2 varies k k k
sinusoidally and calculate its angular 1 2
frequency wa.     
(b) Prove that the quantity B = x1 – x2 varies x1 = A sin wt and x2 = A sin wt
sinusoidally and calculate its angular (i) Suggest one such initial condition that will
frequency wb. result in such oscillation.
(c) Prove that motion of block 1 is superposition of (ii) Find w
12.12 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

ANSWERS

π  2 +1
(i) T = 16.
b  
 2 2 
(ii) Vmax = 3 2 m/s, AP/BP = ( 2 –1) / ( 2 + 1)
17. (i) h = 1.25 m (ii) T > T0
   
(a) v1 = A π cos  π t  and v2 = 2 A π sin  π t 
t0 1 g
 t0  t0  t0  18. f =
2π 2R
(b) 2 : 1
19. 0.6 m
. (a) Yes (b) T = 2 (c) 2 unit
20. (a) 2p 2 2 a
4. x1 = a; x2 = 0 3 g
 
5. (a) circle of radius a.   (b) 2π  ω  (b) 2p 7 a
 ω0  6 2g
π
6. (a) = (b) yes 2π
ω . (a) φ1 − φ2 = (b) 2f
3
1 π
7. (i) ∆ = (ii) A m; t = s 4π 2  2π 
2
. (i) − ma cos  t
T2  T 
A k
8. (ii) 7 cm and 3 cm.
M
mg 3 23. (a) s = 4an + a(1 – cos pt)
9. (a) (b) mg
k 2
Mg mg (b) s = 4an + a(3 + cos pt)
10.
k k 24. (a) 50 – 10 cos (625t) (b) 60 N

11. p 1 LM
25. T= π
2 ag g ( M + m)

 k +k 
12. (a) a =  1 2  x ; T = 2π m1 + m2 R cos θ
 m1 + m2  k1 + k2 . T = 2π
g
m1 k1 m
(b) ;T = π for both the blocks in both 8k
m2 k2 k 27. ω=
cases. 3M

f m λL
28. (i) T = π (ii) T = π
k k + λg
13. (a) No (b)
t
29. Mg  π 2 
H= 1 + 
1
1
2k  9 
(b) 2π  m r
2 2
 4
(a) F2 (mg ) 2
2 
m 2
 F − (mg )  30. For both (a) and (b) the block will not lose contact
with the ground for any value of m.
ml
15. 2p , Time period increases.
T
 Simple Harmonic Motion 12.13

RC 2 1 46 k 21
(a) (b) L. f= ; A1 = x0
RD 1 2p 35 m 46
32.
x  5π  (b) 5p m
(a) cos  
 18  9 k
L + 2b
42. 1.54 s
L (a) 180°, No (b) 2 : 1
L – 2b T = 2.80 s
−
1  −
1
− 
1
g k  2  g k  2  g  2
(a) 2 π  +  (b) π  +  +   
t  l m  l m  l 
O t0  
3 3
(a) mL2 (b) mgL
33. (a) 4p M 25 10
3 k
v (c) 2p 2L
(b)
5g
v0
Amplitude = tan–1 (0.07) = 4º; frequency = 0.46 Hz.
v0
2
20r 2
% ; 0.05 %
O
t0 2t0
t L2
–
v0 g (L + r)
2 θo ( L + r )
– v0
r + (L + r)
3
(i) (a)     (b) 2p 3L
4p F0 8 8g
(c) k =
3 3A
(ii) 3p 2a
2π L g
34. t=
3 3g
4M + 3m
(a) 2π ; ;
8d m 2K
35. + 4p
3v 3k
M +m
(b) π .
µ K
36. T= π ; where
k
1 ae− n n n −1
. xA = 0.12 sin (10t) + 0.8t f=
2π mb n − 2
38. (a) x = 0.112 sin (10t + 0.46) m
(b) 0.112 m, 0.111 s
. (a) T = 2π m1m2
(c) t = 0.268 s ( m1 + m2 ) k
39. (a) 2 (b) t = 2p
l m2 L
(b) = A1
g m1 + m2
1 2 1 2 (c) X1 = V0t + A1 (1 – cos wt);
(c) E = ml g if n is odd and E = ml g if n is
2 2 X2 = V0t – A2 (1 – cos wt)
even Where
12.14 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

m2 L m1 L k ( m1 + m2 ) k
A1 = ; A2 = ; ω= (a) ωa =
m1 + m2 m1 + m2 m1m2 m

2p l l  19 − 1  k
(a) (b) 2 . cos −1   (b) ωb =
m
3 g  6 
1 (c) wa and wb
Tav = mg + mg q 02
4
u= gR L
. T = 2π
2 3g

k
. (ii) ω =
177 R m
T = 2π
10 g

SOLUTIONS

(i) The given equation has a standard solution given by

a = a0 sin (wt + ). Where w = b.
This is an equation of SHM.
π π
T= =
ω b
(ii) Careful observation of the data tells us that the time period of SHM = 2 s
0.75 s
0.25 s
O 3 m/s
B A
P
0.75 s 0.25 s

If we consider t = 0 when the particle is at origin and travelling in positive direction, we can write the equation
of motion as-
x = A sin wt v = Aw cos wt
Particle will reach at P when time is t = 1/4 s
2π  2π 1  3 2
∴3 m / s = A cos  .  ⇒ =
2  2 4 π
vmax = Aw = 3 2 m/s

OP = A sin ωt =
3 2 π  3
sin   = m
π 4 π
Now, it is easy to work out the ratio AP/PB.
2.(a) A careful observation of the given graphs reveals that the time period is same for both the particles. Amplitude
p
of 1 and 2 are A and 2A respectively and particle 2 lags in phase by .
2
Position – time equation for the two particles is –
 π
x1 = A sin wt and x2 = 2 A sin  ωt −  = – 2A cos wt
 2
 Simple Harmonic Motion 12.15

2π π
Where ω = =
20 0

We get velocity by differentiating the above two equations.

π π  π π 
v1 = Aw cos wt = A cos  t  and v2 = 2 Aw sin wt = 2 A sin  t 
t0  t0  t0  t0 
1
m1ω 2 A
E1 2
(b) = =1
E2 1 m ω 2 2 A
2
2

Hence, 1 2
2 1
3. Motion is simple harmonic. The origin of the co-ordinate system is not the equilibrium position for the particle. In
equilibrium force on the particle shall be zero. Thus x = 2 is the equilibrium position.

d2x
= − β ( x − 2)
dt 2
Let (x – 2) = X

d x d X
Then
dt dt

d X
Hence, = −β X
dt
1
\ w2 = b fi T = 2p
b
5. (a) The observer is moving in xy plane with his position vector changing with time as

R = (a sin wt) î + (a cos wt) ĵ
This is a circle with radius a. Angular speed of the observer is w and his linear speed is v = aw.
He finds that the particle oscillates along z direction with angular frequency = w0.
(b) Time period of rotation of the particle is
2π
0 =
ω0
ω 
s = v. T0 = 2pa  
ω 
7. (i) x = A sin wt
v = v0 cos wt
w

v0

q2 q1
B O A
12.16 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

If we consider a vector of length v0 rotating with angular speed w then x co-ordinate of its tip gives the
instantaneous velocity of the particle performing SHM.
3
From figure OA v0
5
3
sin θ1 = ; ⇒ q1 = 37º
5
4
OB v0
5
4
sin θ 2 =
⇒ θ 2 = 53º
5
At A speed is increasing and at B it is decreasing. In interval t the phasor rotates through 90°.

T
∆t =

(ii) w = 2p = 2 rad /s
T
Angular frequency is property of the system and it does not change with change in energy. Let A be the new
amplitude. Speed at a distance x from equilibrium is given by

v = ω A −x
⇒ 1 = 2 2
− 0.52 ⇒ A = 1 m
2
In the described position the particle is at x = 0.5 m travelling towards mean position. Since the time period
has not changed the required time is time of travel from the positive extreme to x = 0.5 m. This time can be
calculated as-

1 1 π
cos(2 ) ⇒ t = s
2 2

k
8. ω=
M
k
For the block Vmax = Aw = A
M
Speed of any point on the spring is proportional to its distance from the fixed end A.

Vmax A k
(VP )max =
=
4 4 M
. Hint: The spring shall remain stretched – always.
Mg
. The block will lose contact if the spring compresses more than
. In equilibrium position the spring is stretched
k
mg
by . If the spring oscillates with amplitude A , it will move up above its equilibrium position by A. It means
k
mg
compression in this extreme position will be A . For the block to remain on the table –
k
Mg mg
A − =
k k
 Simple Harmonic Motion 12.17

Mg mg
A = +
k k

d x
m = − µ mg
dt
d2 x
= - agx
dt 2
This is equation of SHM whose time period is
1
T = 2π
ag


The block will slide for a time
T π 1
t = =
4 2 ag

12. (a) As springs are in parallel

Fnet (k + k ) x
a = = 1 2
mass (m1 + m2 )

ω 2 = k1 + k2 T = 2π
m1 + m2
m1 + m2 k1 + k2

(b) Frictional force on m2 will act in direction of displacement if k2x > m2 a

(k1 + k2 ) x m1 k1
k2 x > m2
(m1 + m2 ) m2 k2
(ii) Hint: The time period does not depend on amplitude or energy.
(a) The maximum friction force that can act on 10 kg block is mmg = 0.5 × 10 × 10 = 50 N
Maximum spring force = kx = 800 × 0.01 = 8N
The friction acting on 10 kg block is large enough to prevent its slipping. So it will not move.
(b) The 2 kg block will perform SHM. Equation of it motion will be –
x = A cos (wt)
K
Where ω = and A = 0.01 m
m
The instantaneous friction acting on the block = fs = KA cos (wt)
f s = KA cos ωt f

t
(a) The vertical and horizontal component of tension force is equal to mg and mw2r respectively (w is angular
speed of rotation of the particle). Hence,
F2 = (mg)2 + (mw2r)2
1
w r = F 2 − (mg )2
m
1
 F 2 − ( mg )2  4

ω =  
 m2 r 2 
 
12.18 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

1
 m2 r 2 4
∴ T = 2π  2 
 F − ( mg ) 
2
 
This will be the maximum acceleration of the shadow as it will perform SHM with amplitude r and angular
frequency w.
(b) from the above equation
1 1
 F 2 − (mg )2  4  m2 r 2  4
ω =   ∴ T = 2π
2 2  2 
 mr
2
  F − (mg ) 
When the ball has a small displacement as shown in the figure, the wires will be inclined slightly to the vertical.
The horizontal component of tension will be the net unbalanced force on the ball

ma = – 2T
l
T
Or, a = – x
m l
This is the equation of simple harmonic motion where
T
ω =
ml
Time period is

π ml
= = 2p
ω T
We see that the time period is inversely proportional to the square root of the tension. Thus by increasing the tension
the time period of oscillation will decrease.
16.

l
2

l
T= π
g

T l / 2 T T 1 T  2 +1
T '= +π
= + =  
2 g 2 2 2 2  2 

17. (i) Because e  1, the ball A will have a very small velocity after collision and ball B will have speed slightly less
than that of A before collision.
Hence, A will move like a simple pendulum after collision with time period

L
T = 2π  2.0 s .
g
A will come to rest 0.5 s after collision.
 Simple Harmonic Motion 12.19

It means time of fall for B is 0.5 s. Time of fall of B is independent of the horizontal speed acquired by it.
h 2h
t 0.5
g g
h = 1.25 m
(ii) Dimensional analysis tells us that

l
T k where k is a constant dependent on q0.
g

2
0

18. In equilibrium the particle is at the lowest position. Consider the system at an angular position q.

R
q

mg
t = mg R sin q  mg R q
(for small q)
Ia=t

1 2
 2 ( 2m ) R + mR  α = −mgRθ
2

 
 g  1 g
∴α = − 
θ ∴ f =
 2 R  2π 2R
I0 = MOI of the body about an axis through COM.
l = distance of point of suspension from the COM.
Time period of oscillation of a physical pendulum is
I
T= π
[I = MOI about rotation axis = I0 + ml2]
mgl

I 0 + ml 2
0.2π = 2π

mgl

I 0 + ml 2
0.01 =
mgl
I0 + ml2 = 0.01 mgl

I0 – 0.01 mgl + ml2 = 0

The two solutions to this equation have sum of

l1 + l2 = 0.01g = 0.1
12.20 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

If l = 0.4 m then l2 = 0.6 m

All points lying on two concentric circles around COM having radii 0.4 m and 0.6 m, are point of suspensions
which will give T = 0.2p s.
20. (a) Moment of inertia about the axis of oscillation is
2
I A Ma 2
3
Distance of COM from point of suspension is
l a

IA
T = π
mgl

2
Ma 2
3 2 2 a
T = 2π = 2π
a 3 g
Mg
2
(b) In this case
7
I A Ma 2
12
7
Ma 2
7 a
T = 2π 12 = 2π
a 6 2g
Mg
2
21. (a) x A = a sin (wt +f1 ) and x B = a sin (wt + f2 )
φ +φ φ −φ
x A – x B = a sin (wt + f1 ) – a sin (wt + f2 ) = 2a sin  ω + 1 2  cos  1 2 
 2   2 
The distance between the two particles will be expressed by the modulus of the above expression.
Obviously, the sine term in the last expression can have a maximum value of 1, therefore maximum separation
of a implies that

φ1 − φ2  1
cos  =
 2  2

φ −φ π 2π
 1 2  = φ1 − φ2 =
 2  3 3
 φ +φ  φ −φ 
(b) Distance between the two particles is = 2a sin  ωt + 1 2  cos  1 2 
 2   2 
This will complete two oscillation in the period when the sine term makes one complete oscillation. Hence,
frequency of oscillation will be double the frequency of oscillation of the particles.

π
(i) ω = and amplitude A = 2a

 2π 
Equation of SHM along AB will be r = 2a cos  t
 T 
 Simple Harmonic Motion 12.21

X co-ordinate as a function of time is

 2π 
x = r cos 45° = a cos  t
 T 

d2x 4π 2  2π 
Fx = m 2
= − 2 ma cos  t
dt T  T 
(ii) The co-ordinates of the two particles as a function of time can be written as
x = 3 – 2 cos wt, and y = 4 – 2 sin wt,

Distance between them is l = x + y = 29 − 12 cos ω − 16 sin ω

Maximum and minimum values of 12 cos wt – 16 sin wt are 20 and –20 respectively.
Hence, maximum and minimum values of distance are 7 and 3 respectively.
π π
23. Time period of oscillation = = =
ω π
t t
=   expresses the number of completed oscillations = n (an integer) + m (a fraction)
T  
When m = 0, particle has made n number of complete oscillations and distance travelled is
s = (4a) (n)
(a) If m is a fraction less than 0.5, it means the particle is moving towards the negative extreme and its distance
from the positive extreme is
a – a cos (pt)
for m < 0.5
s = 4 an + a (1– cos pt)
(b) If m > 0.5, the particle has completed n and half oscillations and is travelling back towards the positive extreme.
s = 4 an + 2a + (a + y)
= 4 an + 3 a + a cos pt
= 4 an + a (3 + cos pt)

k
24. ω=
m

25 k = 625 N/m
1
Compression in the spring in equilibrium position is
mg 1 × 10 2
x0 =
= = m = 1.6cm
k 625 125
One extreme position of A is the natural length position of the spring. Therefore, amplitude of oscillation is
A = 1.6 cm.
For SHM of block A
x = x0 cos (wt) [with equilibrium as origin and upward direction as positive]
   
d2x
acceleration a = 2 = − x0ω 2 cos(ωt )
dt
For (A + B) as system:     [N = normal force by the weighing machine]
N – (M + m) g = ma
12.22 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

N = 5g – mx0w2 cos (wt)

2
N = 50 − 1 × × 625 cos(625t )
125
= 50 – 10 cos (625t)
25. Consider the string at a small angle q to the vertical.
a0

If T is tension in the string,

T sin q = Ma0 (i)
Now, we will consider the motion of the pendulum in the reference frame attached to the block.

x
ma0

mg
­

For small oscillations, the path of pendulum bob can be approximated to be a straight line and
T = mg cos q  mg
The restoring force = mg sin q + ma0

T sin θ
= mg sin θ + m
M
m 2 g sin θ
= mg sin θ +

M
 m
 mg  +  θ
 M

d2x  m
m 2 = −mg 1 +  θ

dt  M

d x M + m x
= − g     [SHM]
dt  M L

gM +m
ω =  
L M 
 Simple Harmonic Motion 12.23

LM
∴ T = 2π
g ( M + m)

26. In reference frame of the wire, the equilibrium of bead gives
mw2 r cos q = mg sin q [Equilibrium along tangent]
w2r = g tan q    … (i)
If q is increased by a small amount, say q, the tangential force [along upward tangent] also changes.

O mwr cosq

q R
r mw2r

mg
mg sin q

Ft = mw2r cos q – mg sin q

d
∆Ft = [m w2r cos q – mg sin q] q = [– m w2r sin q – mg cos q ] q
dθ

d 2 ( R∆θ )
m = [−mω 2 r sin θ − mg cos θ ]∆θ
dt 2
d 2 ( ∆θ ) 1 g  sin 2 θ 
= [− g tan θ .sin θ − g cos θ ]∆θ = −  + cos θ  ∆θ = −  g  ∆θ
dt 2 R R  cos θ   R cos θ 
Hence motion is SHM.

g R cos θ
ω2 = ⇒ T = 2π
R cos θ g
27.
Let x0 be stretch in spring of force constant k2 in equilibrium position. Then stretch in the other spring must be 2x0
so that tension is same in both of them.
2kx0 + k (2x0) = Mg
4 kx0 = Mg    … (i)
Let the block be displaced further by x causing the two springs to stretch further by x1 and x2 respectively.

k1x1 = k2x2 x1 = 2x2
And x1 + x2 = 2x
2 4
2
and 1
3 3
d x
M Mg – k1 (x1 + 2x0) – k2 (x2 + x0)
dt
d2x 4 4kx
M 2
= − kx − [using (i)]
dt 3 3   
12.24 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

d2x 8k
2
=− .x   [SHM]
dt 3M

8k
ω=
3M

28. (i) Let the extension in spring be x0 in equilibrium.

kx0 k (x + x0)

A A

mg
mg
T = T'
2
T2 T2

T'
T1
B
B
mg
mg

For B T' = mg
T' 3
For A kx0 = mg + ⇒ kx0 = mg    … (i)
2 2
Consider the block A in position that is displaced x from equilibrium. The corresponding displacement of B
from its equilibrium position will be .

d2x
For A m = T2 + mg − k ( x + x0 )     … (ii)
dt 2
d 2 ( x / 2)
For B m = mg − 2T2 [Q T1 = 2T2]
dt 2    
d2x
m = 2mg − 4T2 … (iii)
dt 2     
Multiplying equation (ii) with 4 and adding to equation (iii)
d2x
5m = 6mg − 4kx − 4kx0
dt 2
But from (i) 6mg = 4 kx0
d2x 4k
2
=− x
dt 5m
d x
Comparing with = −ω x
dt
4k
We get ω = 5m

5m 5m
T = 2π =π
4k k
 Simple Harmonic Motion 12.25

(ii) In equilibrium the string tension (which is equal to the spring force) applies an upward force equal to weight of
the hanging part of the rope. If the rope moves a distance x downward, the restoring force is equal to increase
in spring force plus the decrease in weight of the hanging part.
Restoring force = kx + lxg
Mass of rope in motion = lL.
This mass changes a little as the rope oscillates but that can be neglected compared to lL.
d2x
λ L = −( k + λ g ) x
dt 2

d x  k g
= − + x
dt  λL L 
k g
ω = +
λL L

1 λL
T = 2π = 2π
k g k + λg
+
λL L
29. Originally, the system keeps the spring stretched by a length x0 where -
kx0 = 2Mg   … (i)
As soon as the particle gets detached, it begins to fall with acceleration g and the box begins to perform SHM with
amplitude

Mg Mg Mg
A=
− =
k k k
1 2
Distance travelled by the particle in time t is s1 gt
2
Distance travelled (upward) by the floor in time t will be
s2 = A – A cos (wt)

k
Where ω =
M

Mg Mg  k 
s2 = − cos  t 
k k  M 
H = s1 + s2

1 2 Mg Mg  k 
H= gt + − cos  t  ……(ii)
2 k k  M      
T M
It is given that t where T = π
6 2 k
π M
t=
k

1 π 2 M Mg Mg  π  Mg  π 
2
H= g + − cos   = 1 + 
2 9 k k k  3  2k  9 
12.26 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

30.
(a) The ball is released from a position where the spring is relaxed.
mg
The mean position is below the initial position.
k
mg
Ball will oscillate with amplitude A
k

Natural
length
Fs A

Equilibrium

mg

The spring will never get compressed as the upper extreme position of the block will be the natural length
position of the spring.
Hence spring will never exert any upward force on the stand.
Block will never lose contact with ground.
(b) In elastic collision the ball will not lose any KE. Hence, its upper extreme position does not change.
Hence, our answer remains same.
m
31. The time period for vertical oscillations of the block is T = 2π
3k
This means that the effective force constant is 3k.
Spring BD must have a force constant of 2k.
[Springs AC and BD are in parallel]
(a) Rod PQ is massless. Net force and torque on it must be zero.
2kx

kx

R
C D

3kx

(RC) (kx) = (RD) (2kx)

RC 2

RD 1

1
(b) Force constant of spring
length of spring
length of AC must be double that of spring BD.
Height difference between A and B will be L.
 Simple Harmonic Motion 12.27

When the room moves with acceleration a0, the equilibrium position of the block (In reference frame of the room)
will be where the compressed spring balance the pseudo force ma0.
b
Mao
kb
x
x=o x=L
EQ

Let compression in equilibrium be b

Ma0
kb = Ma0 b .
k
As the block was initially at X=L, it will start oscillating about X = L–b with an amplitude equal to b.
At t = t0 the block is at x = L-2b when the constant force (Ma0) acting on it vanishes. This does not change the
frequency of oscillation but the equilibrium position now shifts to X = L. The block oscillates with an amplitude of
2b about X = L.
Hence, the X – t graph will be as shown in fig below.
x

L + 2b

L – 2b

t
O t0

33. (a) Time required for a particle performing SHM to travel from x = 0 to x = A/2 is given by
A 2π 
= A sin  t
2  T 
T
t    [T = time period of SHM]
12
Time period of oscillation of the block is
T T 2T 4π M
T0 = 2 × + 2× = = … (i)
4 12 3 3 k    
(b) Equation of motion of the block from the time of start to the time it hits the wall is

 k 
x = – A cos wt ω = 
 M

dx
Velocity v = = Aω sin ωt
dt
2π M
[for t = 0 to t0 = ]
3 k
After this the block hits the wall and direction of velocity changes suddenly.
Graph will be as shown in the figure.
12.28 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced
v

v0

v0
2

O t
t0 2t0
v0
–
2

– v0

2
 A 3
(c) Speed of block just before hitting the wall is v = ω A2 − x 2 = ω A2 −   = Aω
2 2

F0 = (change in momentum of block during collision) × (frequency of collisions)

 
= 2.M  3 Aω  × 1 = 3MAω. 3ω [from (1)]
 2  T 4π
  0
    
3 3 k
= MA
4π M

3 3
F0 = Ak     [This is independent of M!!]
4π
4π F0
k =
3 3A
34. Let the x axis be along AB
x (L – x)

x
A B
P

Let AP = x and PB = L – x
When the particle is at P
d2 x mgx ˆ 3mg
m 2 = -6
i+ ( L - x ) iˆ
dt L L

3mg
=
L
[ L - x - 2 x ]î
3mg
=-
L
[3 x - L ]î
d2 x 3g
2
=-
L
[3 x - L ]iˆ
dt
L g
This is equation of SHM with equilibrium position at x , and ω = .
L
L
T = 2π
3g
 Simple Harmonic Motion 12.29

At A; x = and v = gL

 L2 
v2 = ω 2 a2 − 
 9

3g  2 L2 
gL = a − 
L  9

L2 L2
+ = a2
3 9
2
a L
3
It means B is extreme position of SHM; and distance of A from mean position is .
a
Time needed to reach mean position from x = ± is given by

a
= a sin ωt
2
π T
t= =
6ω 12
T T T 2π L
time from A to B is t = + = = .
12 4 3 3 3g
35. The prism will hit the spring to the right if it travels through a distance x0 such that
2d
x0 cos 30º = d x0
3
2d
Time needed to cover this distance x0 is t1
3v
3
If the prism moves further by x it compresses the spring by x cos 30º =
2
3
Spring force on it will be k x perpendicular to incline
2
 3  3
Horizontal component of this force =  kx  cos 30º = kx
 2  4

The prism will perform half oscillation with the spring consuming a time of

m m
t2 = π = 2π
3k 3k
4
The prism is back to its original position moving in opposite direction at a time
t = t1 + t2 + t1
The same story is repeated in opposite direction with the other spring.
T = 2t = 4t1 + 2t2
8d m
= + 4π
3v 3 k
12.30 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

m1 m2 Equilibrium

x1 x2

F F

F = kx

Let x1 and x2 be displacement of the two blocks at any point of time.

Extension in the spring is x = x2 – x1
d 2 x1 d 2 x1 k
For motion of m1; m1 kx x …(i)
dt 2 dt 2 m1
  

For motion of m2; m d x = − kx d x

=−
k
x …(ii)
dt dt m    
Equation (ii) – (i)

d 2 ( x2 − x1 )  1 1 
= −k  + x
2
dt  m1 m2 
d x k m1m2
= − x [where m = ]
dt µ      m1 + m2

k µ
ω= ⇒T = π
µ k
37. From the last problem we know that

d x k 3× 2
= −   x where µ = = 1.2kg
dt µ 3+ 2

k 120
ω= = = 10 rads/ s
µ 1.2
x = x0 sin (10t)
Where x = xA – xB
xA – xB = x0 sin (10t)   …. (i)

B A Equilibrium

xB xA

B A

The velocity of COM of the system is

 Simple Harmonic Motion 12.31

2× 2 + 0
vcm = = 0.8m / s = a constant.
2+3
Displacement of COM in time t is xcm = vcm t = 0.8t
2 x A + 3 xB
But xcm =
2+3
2 x A + 3 xB
= 0.8t
5
2xA + 3xB = 4t   …. (ii)
Solving (i) and (ii)
xA = 0.6 x0 sin 10t + 0.8    …. (iii)
Now, we need to find x0 (maximum extension in the spring)
At the point of maximum extension, the velocity of two blocks will be equal to vcm = 0.8 m/s
From energy conservation
1 1 1 1
× 2 × 22 = × 120 × 2
0 + × 2 × 0.82 + × 3 × 0.82
2 2 2 2
x0 = 0.2
From (iii) we get xA = 0.12 sin (10t) + 0.8t
38. Let extension be x at any time t.
x

kx

Natural
length
d x
Then m = −kx
dt
d2x d2x
or, 2 = −200 x or, = −100 x
dt 2 dt 2
Motion is S.H.M. with w = 100 = 10 /s
x = A sin (wt + d) = A sin (10t + d)
dx
And v = = Aω cos (ωt + δ ) = 10 A cos (10t + δ )
dt
At t = 0, x = 0.05m 0.05 = A sin d     … (a)
At t = 0, v = 1 m/s 1 = 10 A cos d     … (b)
From (a) and (b) (0.05)2 + (0.1)2 = A2
or A2 = 0.0025 + 0.01 = 0.0125 [you can also use v2 = w2 [A2 – x2] to get A]
A = 0.112 m
0.05
From (a) sin δ = = 0.446
0.112
d = 26.5º = 0.46 radian
x = 0.112 sin (10t + 0.46)
12.32 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

(b) Maximum extension = A = 0.112 m

Time at maximum extension is given by
0.112 = 0.112 sin (10t + 0.46)
10t + 0.46 = p/2 = 1.57
10t = 1.11 t = 0.111 sec
(c) Speed is maximum when v = |10A cos (10t + d)| is maximum
i.e., 10t + d = p
or, 10t = 3.14 – 0.46 = 2.68
t = 0.268 sec
39. (a) After first collision, B acquires amplitude of A and after second collision it acquires its original amplitude.
Therefore, after 2 collisions B will once again go back to its original extreme position.
l
(b) Time period of both A and B is T = 2 p
g
Time consumed before B reaches its original extreme for the first time is
T T T T l
t = + + + = T = 2π
4 4 4 4 g
(c) If n is odd , the energy of B will be equal to original energy of A.
1 2 2 1 2 g 1
E = ma Aω = m ( lα ) = mlα 2 g
2 2 l 2
If n is even, the energy of B will be equal to original energy of B.
1 2 2 1 2 g 1
E = maBω = m ( l β ) = ml β 2 g
2 2 l 2
40. Let x & x be the displacement of the two spheres from the equilibrium position. Let their respective speed in this
1 2
position be v & v
1 2
Compression in the spring = (x1 + x2)
For hollow sphere, applying tA = I A a about the point of contact
5
k (x1 + x2) r = m r2 a1
3
5
k (x1 + x2) = ma1      ………(1)
3
Let’s apply angular momentum conservation about point of contact of ball A for the entire system,
5 7
mv1r mv2 r
3 5
25 v1 = 21 v2        ………(2)
25 x1 = 21x2        …...….(3)

Using (1) and (3) we get, k = m

46 k
a1 x1 (SHM)
35 m   
1 46k
f =
2π 35m
 Simple Harmonic Motion 12.33

Now, sum of amplitudes of the two spheres is A1 + A2 = x0   …… (4)

25
From equation (3) we get 2 1
        …….. (5).
21
21
By (4) and (5) we get, A1 x0
46
x1 x2

A a2
B
f1 a1 f2

Till the point of collision, motion of both the blocks remain simple harmonic. For spring block system of mass m,
m
the time period of SHM will be 2π = t ( say )
k
π k
Angular frequency ω = =
T m
For spring block system of mass 4m, the corresponding time period is 2T [and angular frequency = ]
If a particle P performs uniform circular motion in x-y plane with constant angular speed w, foot of perpendicular
drawn from it on the X axis [or Y axis] performs SHM with angular frequency w.
y
w P''1

P'1
2f
Q1 p/6 o Q1
t=0 X
P1 3 f P2
2a Q2

w/2

P'2

Let P1" and P2 be two points rotating on a circle of radius a in clockwise sense with angular speed w and
respectively. Motion of foot of perpendicular from P1 on X axis represents the motion of mass m and the motion of
foot of perpendicular from P2 on the X axis represents the motion of mass 4m.
3
According to the question, when P1 reaches P1' (i.e., block of mass m moves to Q1 getting displaced by )
2
then P2 starts rotating. Q2 is foot of perpendicular of P2 representing the motion of 4m. The blocks collide when P1
reaches P1'' and P2 reaches P'2 (see fig). Angle rotated by P1 is twice that covered by P2 due to its double angular
speed.
If < P2OP'2 = f then <P1' OP1" = 2f
Then < P1" OP2 = < P2OP'2 = f
But < P1" OP2 = < P2OP'2 = f
π
∴ + 2φ + φ = π
6
5π
⇒φ =
18
12.34 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

 5π 
OQ1 = distance from O where collision takes place = a cos f = a cos   = cos 50°
 18 
5p
Time required for collision = time required by P2 to rotate through
18
2T 5π 5T 5π m
= . = =
2π 18 18 9 K
Time to travel from A to B (t1) is given by –
1 2
x = ut + at 2     [Q a = g sin q = 5 m/s ]
2
1
0.3 = × 5 × 12 t1 = 0.35s
2
Speed of the block when it hits the spring is given by–

V2 = 02 + 2ax = 2 × 5 × 0.3
V= 3 m/s
The motion of the block in contact with the spring can be regarded as a part of SHM. In equilibrium, compression
in the spring is given by
kx0 = Mg sin q
1
40 × 10 ×
x0 = 2 = 0.2m
1000
Let the block compress the spring by a length x1.
Energy conservation gives–
1 2 1
kx1 = MV 2 + Mgx1 sin θ
2 2
1 1 1
( 3) 
2
2
× 1000. 1 = × 40 × +  40 × 10 ×  1
2 2  2
5x21 – 2x1 – 0.6 = 0
Solving x1 = 0.6 m
Hence, amplitude of SHM is A = x1 – x0 = 0.4m
A

Xo
X1
B
A
O

c O Equilibrium

X0 = A/2

The motion from B to C and back to B can be regarded as motion of a particle

A A
performing SHM [from x = + to negative extreme and back to x = + ].
 Simple Harmonic Motion 12.35

Time for this motion can be obtained from fig given below.

P1 B P2

A/2
A p/3 p/3
p/6
O

Particle on circle moves from P1 to C to P2. Time required for completing this two third
2
circle
3
2T 2 m
Hence, desired time t2 = = 2π
3 3 k
4π 40 8π
= = = 0.84
3 1000 30
Time required for the block to come back to A is t = 2t1 + t2
= 2 × 0.35 + 0.84 = 1.54 s
43. At the instant shown, both particle are at their mean position and moving in opposite direction.
Phase difference = 180°
 GM 
As w is same for both particle ω =  the phase difference will be maintained throughout and they will never
 R 
meet.
vmax = Aw
v1 R 2
v2 R/2 1
If V0 is the speed at the mean position
1
mV 2 = 20 ¥ 10 –3
2 0
1
× 0.2 × 02 = 20 × 10−3 V0 = 0.2 m/s
2
If linear amplitude is A then V0 = Aw = 0.2
g
Lθ 0 = 0.2     [Q A = Lq0 where q0 = angular amplitude]
L
q0 gL = 0.2
0.2
L= = 2.0 m
10 × (100 × 10−3 )
2

L 2
∴ T = 2π = 2 × 3.14 = 2.80 s
g 10
12.36 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

There is no loss of energy during collision because the collisions are elastic. Ball A stops and B acquires speed of
A. Let the length of pendulum B be l .
mg L (1 – cos q0) = mg l (1 – cos 2q0)

θ 
. 2 sin 2  0  = l . 2 sin 2 θ 0
 2
2
 θ0 
 2   l (θ 0 ) [sin ce sin θ 0  θ 0 ]
2

 
1
A completes of its oscillation and comes to rest after hitting B. Then B completes half of its oscillation and hits
4
A. B comes to rest and A goes back to its starting point. This completes one oscillation of A

1 L 1 l
∴ TA = 2π + 2π
2 g 2 g

π  L  = 3p L
=  L + 
g   2 g

(a) When the bob displaces by an angle q (small), restoring torque is

t = (mg sin q) l + kx. l
= mg l q + k l 2q Q x = l q

d 2θ
∴ ml 2 . = − ( mgl + kl 2 )θ
dt 2

d 2θ g k
2 = −  +  θ [SHM ]
dt  l m
1
−
g k g k  2
ω = + ⇒ T = 2π  + 
l m  l m

(b) In this case the cord is similar to the spring when it is stretched but it will exert no force during half the motion
when it is loose.

T l  −
1
− 
1

∴T' = + π  g k  2  g  2

2 g = π  +  +   
 l m  l 
 
. (a) ABP is right angled at B.

A q0
x sin q0
x

dx

B
 Simple Harmonic Motion 12.37

sin θ 0 = 0.75 = 3
1.25 5
L m  mL2 . 2 mL2 9 3
( )
2
I = ∫0  dx
L 
 x sin θ 0 =
3
sin θ 0 =
3
×
25 25
mL2

L  L 
(b) τ = mg sin θ 0 . sin θ   mg sin θ 0 θ [for small q]
2  2     

= 3 mgL θ
10

(c) I α = − 3 mgL θ
10
3 3 5 g
mL2 . α − mgLθ ⇒ α = −  θ
25 10 2 L

2L
∴ T = 2π
5g
V = wR
8.33 1
\ w= = rad /s
100 12
Let m = mass of petrol
1
Moment of inertial of petrol about an axis through O is I mr 2
2
where 2r = 2m r = 1m
When the wagon is driven on curved track q is such that

È 4r ˘
mg x sin q = mw2 x cos q Íwhere x = 3p ˙
Î ˚
2
ω2R  1  100
tan θ = =   × = 0.07
g  12  9.8
q = tan–1 (0.07) = 4º
When the wagon enters the straight segment of track, liquid oscillates about an axis through O with an amplitude of
4º.

o
4r x G
3p q mw2R
G

mg
I a = – mg x sin q
1 2 d 2θ
⇒ mr = − mg x sin θ
2 dt 2
12.38 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

Since, q is small

d 2θ 2 g  4r   4r 
2
= − 2  θ Q x = 3π 
dt r  3π   

8g
= − θ
3π r

8g 1 8g 1 8 × 9.8
∴ω = ; ⇒ f = =
3π r 2π 3π r 2 × 3.14 3 × 3.14 × 1

2.88
= = 0.46 Hz
2 × 3.14

For simple pendulum T0 = 2π

L
g

I
For compound pendulum T = π
mgL

2 2
mr + mL2
∴ T = 2π 5
mgL
1/ 2
L  2 r2 
T = 2π 1 + 2 
g  5 L 

2r 2 n
Since 1 therefore, we can use (1 + x) = 1 + nx
5L2

 1 2 r2   r2 
∴ T = T0 1 + 2  ⇒ T = T01 + 2
 2 5 L   5L 

T - T0 r2
\ =
T0 5L2
∆T 20r 2 20 × 52 20 × 25
× 100 = 2 = 2
= = 0.05%
T0 L 100 10000
50. This is a compound pendulum with angular

mgl mg ( L + r ) 2g ( L + r )
frequency ω = = =
1 2
I r + 2(L + r )
2 2
mr + m ( L + r )
2

2
Angular displacement can be expressed as a function of time q = q0 sin (wt)

dq
\ = q 0 cos (w t )
dt
When the string is vertical q = 0
sin (wt) = 0 and cos (wt) = 1
 Simple Harmonic Motion 12.39

dq
\ = q 0w
dt
speed of lowest point
dθ
V = (L + r) = (L + 2r) q0w
dt
g (L + r)
= θo ( L + r )
r + (L + r)
51. (i) (a)

When the cylinder moves down by x, the liquid level rises by y.

Since volume of liquid is constant
x
3 Ay = Ax ⇒ y =
 4x 
Buoyancy force on cylinder =  A  ( 2ρ ) g
 3 
8 x0
In equilibrium Ar g = AL r g
3
3L
∴ x0 =
8
Since, equilibrium position is x0 below the original position (where, cylinder was at rest), hence amplitude is
3L
A x0
8
(b) When the cylinder is displaced x from its equilibrium position, restoring force on it will be the extra buoyancy
force which is

4x
=  A  ( 2 ρ ) g
 3 
d2x 8 
∴m 2
= −  Aρ g  x
dt 3 
d2 x 8
AL r g = - Ar g. x
dl 2 3

d2x 8 g 
∴ 2
= − x
dt 3 L

8 g 3L
∴ω = ⇒ T = 2π
3 L 8g
12.40 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

(ii) In equilibrium FB = W
rwg (2a)3 = rg [(2a)3 + a3]
ρ 8
=
ρω 9
When the block is depressed by x from its equilibrium position, the excess buoyancy is the restoring force.
Restoring force = (a2x) rwg
2
( 9a ) ρ ⋅ ddt x = − ( a ρ g ) x
3
2
2
ω

d2x  g   ρ 8
2
= −  x Q = 
dt  8a   ρω 9 
g
ω1 =
8a

Time for half oscillation t1 = p 8a

g
When the block is raised above its mean position, the restoring force is = (2a2 rwg)x
d2x
9a 3 ρ = −4a 2 ρω g x
dt 2
d x  g 
= −  x
dt  a

g
ω =
a

a
Time for half oscillation t = π
g

2a 2a
T = t1 + t2 = π [ 2 + 1] = 3π
g g

52.
(a) Ice and cylinder together move as a single rigid body. Moment of inertia about axis of the cylinder is -
2 1 2  m 2
I = MR + mR =  M +  R
2  2

In equilibrium, the spring is relaxed. Consider the body at a displaced position from equilibrium.
x

a
kx
a

– kx = (M + m)a     ……………….(1)

– R=Ia
 Simple Harmonic Motion 12.41

 m
− f R =  M +  R α
 

 m
− f =  M +  a     ……….(2) (Q Ra = a)
 

Add (1) and (2)

3m 
 2M +  a = − kx
 2 

2k
a = −  
x [SHM ]
 4M + 3m 
2k 4M + 3m
ω = hence , T = 2π
4M + 3m 2k

(b) Non viscous water will not rotate with the cylinder. It will only perform translational motion.
Equation (1) remains same as above.
Equation (2) changes as -
– R = MR2. a
– = Ma     ………….(3)
Adding (1) and (3)

k M +m
a = −  
 x ∴T = π
 M +m k

dU
F =− = ae− bx x n − ( n − bx )
dx
n
At equilibrium position F = 0 bx = n ⇒ x =
b
If the particle is displaced a little (say x) from its equilibrium position, the force that it will experience is calculated
as follows

dF
= − ab e− bx x n −1 ( n − bx ) + e− bx  −bx n −1 + ( n − bx ) ( n − 1) x n − 2 
dx
= – axn–2 e–bx [(n – bx) (bx – n + 1) + bx]
n
Put x
b
n−2 n−2
 dF  n n n n −1
  = −a   e −n
n = − an e− n   = − a e− n
 dx  at x0 b b bn−2

 dF   − n n n −1 
∴∆F =   ∆x = − ae  ∆x
 dx   bn−2 
Negative sign indicates that the force is restoring. It is proportional to displacement ( x). Hence motion is SHM.

a e− n n n −1 and 1 a e− n n n −1
ω2 = f =
mb n − 2 2π mb n − 2
12.42 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

Let us work in the reference frame attached to COM of the system. It is an inertial frame moving with constant
velocity V0.
m2 X2 X1
m1
X
O

If X1 (towards tight) and X2 (to left) are displacement of the two masses at time ‘t’ then.
m1X1 = m2X2
Equilibrium position means X1 + X2 = L
 m2 
In equilibrium, x co-ordinate of m1 is X 10 =  L
 m1 + m2 
equilibrium

X
c B
X10 X10

In the reference frame of COM, mass m1 will oscillate between points O and B with amplitude equal to
m2 L
A1 = X 10 =
m1 + m2
Equation of motion for m1
m1a1 = k [L – (X1 + X2)]

  m 
m1a1 = k  L −  X 1 + 1 X 1   [Q m2 X 2 = m1 X 1 ]
  m2  

KL K  m1m2 
∴ a1 = − X1 µ = 
m1 µ  m1 + m2 
µL
This is equation of SHM with equilibrium at X 10 = and angular frequency
m1

k  m + m2  m1m2
ω = = k 1  ⇒ T = 2π
µ  m1m2  ( m1 + m2 ) k
At t = 0, mass m1 is at negative extreme of the SHM and the origin of co-ordinate system is at the negative extreme
itself. Hence, displacement of m1 is
X1 = A1 – A1 cos wt [In COM frame]
In ground frame X1 = V0t + A1 (1 – cos wt)
[Q COM will travel V0t distance in time t]
m1 X 1 m
In COM frame X 2 = = 1 A1 (1 − cos ωt )
m2 m2
X2 = A2 (1 – cos wt)
m1 A1 m1 L
Where A2 = =
m2 m1 + m2

In ground frame X2 = V0t – A2 (1 – cos wt)

 Simple Harmonic Motion 12.43

l
(a) The time period of B T = π
g

4l
Time period of A = 2π = 2T
g
The phasor representing B will rotate with an angular speed twice that of phasor representing A.
Let wA = w; then wB w

2w B B

120°

60°
w
B A
A

(A) (B)

Fig (A) represent the initial positions of the phasors representing A and B. Fig (B) represent their position when
the two pendulums are parallel and crossing each other.
Obviously, time required for this is the interval in which the phasor representing A (time period = 2T) rotates
p
by
3

∴ t = 2T = T = 2π l
6 3 3 g
(b) Amplitude of B is twice that of A. The initial phasors and the phasors when strings are parallel has been shown
below in figure (a) and (b) respectively.
2w B 2w

2q
q
w A
B
A

(a) (b)

Radius of the outer circle is 1.5 times that of the inner circle
R cos q = 1.5 R cos (180º – 2q)
2 cos q = – 3 cos 2q 2 cos q = – 3 (2 cos2 q – 1)
6 cos2 q + 2 cos q – 3 = 0

76 − 2 19 −1
∴ cos θ = =
12 6
It can be seen from simple observation that q is acute and cos q will be positive
 19 − 1 
∴ θ = cos −1  
 6 
12.44 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

q q q l l
\t= = = 4p = θ
w 2p 2p g
TA
56. let the pendulum be at its positive extreme at t = 0

È g˘
q = q0 cos (wt) Íwhere w = ˙
ÍÎ l ˙˚

dq
Angular velocity at time ‘t’ is = - q 0w sin (w t )
dt
velocity of the bob V = q0 wl sin (wt)
Tension (T) is given by–
mV 2
T = mg cos θ +
l
 θ2 
T = mg cos q + mq02 w2l sin2 wt = mg 1 −  + mq02 w2l sin2 wt
 2
1
= mg − mgq 20 cos2 wt + mq 20 g sin2 wt
2
1
cos 2 ω = sin 2 ω =
2
1
\ Tav = mg + mg q 02
4
When the stone is at a distance x from the centre of the earth, gravitational force on it is
GMm .
Fg = − x     [– sign indicates force is towards the Centre]
R3
d2x GM
∴ 2
= − 3 .x ……….(1)
dt R    
Stone performs SHM with
GM GM R3
ω2 = 3 ⇒ ω = ⇒ T = 2 π
R R3 GM
If the stone is dropped into the hole, it performs SHM of amplitude R and the journey from one end to the other
will take half the time T.

T R3
∴ T0 = = π
2 GM
The general solution to equation (1) is X = A cos (wt + d)
at t = 0; X = R A cos d = R         ----------------(2)
Also, V = – Aw sin (wt + d)
at t = 0; V = – u
u
– u = – Aw sin d ⇒ A sin δ = ------------------(3)
ω
u u
From (2) and (3) A = R + and tan δ =
ω ωR
 Simple Harmonic Motion 12.45

T0
If the stone has to reach X = – R at t then,
2
X = A cos (wt + d)

Ê u2 ˆ Êp ˆ
- R = Á R 2 + 2 ˜ cos Á + d ˜
ÁË w ¯˜ Ë 2 ¯

È GM . T0 GM . p R3 p˘
ÍQ w t = = = ˙
ÍÎ R3 2 R3 2 GM 2˙
˚
R
∴ sin δ =         -------------------(4)
2u2
R + 2
ω
R
From (2) cos δ =      -------------------(5)
u2
2
R + 2
ω
Squaring and adding (4) and (5) gives
2R2 u2 g
2
=1 ⇒ R2 = ⇒ u = Rω = R = gR
u
R + 2
2 ω2 R
ω w
58. Let the position of the man at time ‘t’ be at P (see fig).
Vo
P
q = wt ; V0 = wr
v
Vx = V – V0 sin (wt) = V – wr sin (wt) r
q
Vx = V – wy              ------------------(1)
O X
And Vy = V0 cos (wt) = wr cos (wt) = wx   ------------------(2)
Differentiating (1) wrt time
dVx dy
= −ω or, d x = − ωV
dt dt dt
y

d x
Using (2) = −ω x
dt
Solution of this equation is x = A sin (wt + d)
As per the question, at t = 0, x = 0
dx
d = 0 x = A sin (wt) and = a ω cos (ω t )
dt
at t = 0, Vx = V
V
∴ A=
ω
Maximum X co-ordinate is

59. Location of centre of mass of the cavitied sphere is given by -

4  3 R3  4 R3 R
π R − ρ x = π ρ
3  8  3 8 2
7 R
⇒ x = [ ρ = density]
8 16
R
⇒ x =
14
12.46 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

X
cm

P
Moment of inertia of the cavitied sphere about an axis ( r to plane of the fig) through point of contact (P) is
calculated as follows -
Let M = mass of cavitied sphere
4  1 3M 8
π R3 1 −  ρ = M ; ρ = 3
×
3  8 4π R 7
4 R3 M
Mass of sphere of radius is m = ρ π =
3 8 7
8M
Mass of sphere without cavity M 0 = m + M =
7
Required moment of inertia
I = (moment of inertia of complete sphere without cavity about an axis through P)–
(moment of inertia of the cavity about the same axis)
7 2
 2  R 2  3R  
2

= M0 R −  m  m +  
5  5  2   2  

7 8M 2  47 M 2  177
= R − R = MR 2
5 7  20 7  140
A purely rolling sphere can be considered to be is pure rotation about the point of contact. Consider the sphere at a
slightly displaced position q, as shown.
Restoring torque in this position is

R
t = Mg x sin q  Mg
14
O
R x
∴ I α = − Mgθ CM
14 q

177 R
⇒ MR 2 α = − Mg θ mg
140 14
140 g P
⇒ α =− θ
177 × 14 R

10 g
∴ ω2 =
177 R

177 R
⇒ T = 2π
10 g
 Simple Harmonic Motion 12.47

Middle spring is stretched by x2 – x1

d 2 x1
For block 1 m = − k x1 + k ( x2 − x1 ) ------------(1)
dt 2     
d 2 x2
For block 2 m = − k x2 − k ( x2 − x1 ) ------------(2)
dt 2    
(a) Adding (1) and (2) gives

d 2 ( x1 + x2 )
m = − k ( x1 + x2 )
dt 2

⇒ d A = − kA
dt m
k
A = a1 sin (wat + d1) where ωa = ------------(3)
m     
(b) Subtracting (2) from (1) gives

d 2 ( x1 − x2 )
m = − 3 k ( x1 − x2 )
dt 2
d 2B 3k B
⇒ 2
= −
dt m

k
B = a2 sin (wbt + d2) where ωb = ----------(4)
m    
Adding (3) and (4) gives [A = x1 + x2, B = x1 – x2]
2x1 = a1 sin (wat + d1) + a2 sin (wb + d2)
a1 a
∴ x1 = sin (ωa t + δ1 ) + 2 sin (ωb t + δ 2 )
2 2
Thus x1 is combination of two SHMs having angular frequencies wa and wb.

61.
A


L
T T
y
B D
Fs
T T

q
T
T

C
Mg

In equilibrium 2T cos q = Mg [convince yourself that all rods have same tension]
And 2T sin q = Fs
12.48 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

Fs
⇒ tan θ =
Mg

Mg tan 30º = k [1.5L – 2L sin 30º]

1 kL kL 2
⇒ Mg = ⇒ = -----------(1)
3 2 Mg 3       
If y changes by y then we proceed as follows to calculate the restoring force.
Let length of the spring be l.
l = 2 L sin q
l = 2L cos q q       ------------(a)
And y = 2L cos q
y = – 2L sin q q       ------------(b)
Spring force changes by k l = 2kL cos q q
Change in rod tension will be given as
2 T sin q = 2kL cos q q
T = kL cot q. q
Restoring force on mass M is

cos 2 θ
2 ∆ T cos θ = 2kL ∆θ
sin θ

d2y cos 2 θ
∴M 2
= 2kL ∆θ
dt sin θ

d2y kL cos 2 θ ∆y
2
= −2 . [using (b)]
dt M sin θ 2 L sin θ     

k cos 2 θ 2g g
( 3)
2
= −
2
∆y = − . ∆=y − 2 3 ∆y
M sin θ 3L L
g
\ w2 = 2 3
L
L
T = 2π
2 3g

62. (i) If both blocks are simultaneously given equal velocity when they are at their mean positions, they will oscillate
as suggested.
(ii) The distance between 1 and 2 does not change. Hence, middle spring does not exert any force on the blocks.
Each block experiences force due to one spring only.

k
ω =
m