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Number System Notes

The document outlines important concepts and methods related to factors, multiples, H.C.F. (Highest Common Factor), and L.C.M. (Least Common Multiple). It provides various methods for calculating H.C.F. and L.C.M., including factorization and division methods, as well as rules for fractions and comparisons. Additionally, it defines co-primes and the product rule linking H.C.F. and L.C.M.

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betishreshta189
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20 views3 pages

Number System Notes

The document outlines important concepts and methods related to factors, multiples, H.C.F. (Highest Common Factor), and L.C.M. (Least Common Multiple). It provides various methods for calculating H.C.F. and L.C.M., including factorization and division methods, as well as rules for fractions and comparisons. Additionally, it defines co-primes and the product rule linking H.C.F. and L.C.M.

Uploaded by

betishreshta189
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Number System: Important Facts and Formulae

1. Factors and Multiples:

- If 'a' divides 'b' exactly, then a is a factor of b, and b is a multiple of a.

2. Highest Common Factor (H.C.F. / G.C.D. / G.C.M.):

- H.C.F. is the greatest number that divides two or more numbers exactly.

Methods to find H.C.F.:

a) Factorization Method:

- Express numbers as product of prime factors.

- H.C.F. = Product of lowest powers of common prime factors.

b) Division Method:

- Divide larger number by smaller one.

- Continue dividing previous divisor by remainder until remainder is 0.

- Last divisor = H.C.F.

For 3 or more numbers:

H.C.F. of (H.C.F. of any two) and (third number).

3. Least Common Multiple (L.C.M.):

- L.C.M. is the smallest number exactly divisible by each of the given numbers.

Methods to find L.C.M.:

a) Factorization Method:

- Express numbers into prime factors.

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Number System: Important Facts and Formulae

- L.C.M. = Product of highest powers of all prime factors.

b) Short-cut Method (Common Division):

- Write numbers in a row.

- Divide by number that divides at least two numbers.

- Carry forward undivided numbers.

- L.C.M. = Product of divisors and undivided numbers.

4. Product Rule:

- Product of two numbers = Product of their H.C.F. and L.C.M.

5. Co-Primes:

- Two numbers are co-primes if their H.C.F. = 1.

6. H.C.F. and L.C.M. of Fractions:

- H.C.F. = H.C.F. of Numerators / L.C.M. of Denominators

- L.C.M. = L.C.M. of Numerators / H.C.F. of Denominators

7. H.C.F. and L.C.M. of Decimal Fractions:

- Equalize decimal places by adding zeroes.

- Remove decimal points, find H.C.F. or L.C.M.

- Reinsert decimal in result based on original decimal places.

8. Comparison of Fractions:

- Find L.C.M. of denominators.

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Number System: Important Facts and Formulae

- Convert all fractions to equivalent fractions with common denominator.

- Compare numerators: highest numerator = greatest fraction.

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