9 Databases

1 a Explain the meaning of the following database terminology.

Table: ................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

Record: .............................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

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Field: ................................................................................................................................................................

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b Identify four basic data types used in a database and provide an example for each one.

1 ......................................................................................................................................................................

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2 ......................................................................................................................................................................

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3 ......................................................................................................................................................................

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4 .....................................................................................................................................................................

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 9 Databases

2 A single-table database, ICECREAM, has been set up to store the ice creams available for sale.
The details included about each type of ice cream are:
» Type – for example, 'choc ice', 'lolly' or 'cone'
» Flavour – for example, 'raspberry'
» Size – 'Small', 'Medium' or 'Large'
» Number in stock – for example, '34'
» Re-order level – for example, '20'.

a Write down names for the five fields that would be required. For each field state with a
reason the data type that should be used and give a sample of the contents of that field.

Field 1: ............................................................................................................................................................

Data type: .......................................................................................................................................................

Reason: ............................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

Sample: ............................................................................................................................................................

Field 2: ............................................................................................................................................................

Data type: .......................................................................................................................................................

Reason: ............................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

Sample: ............................................................................................................................................................

Field 3: ............................................................................................................................................................

Data type: .......................................................................................................................................................

Reason: ............................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

Sample: ............................................................................................................................................................

Field 4: ............................................................................................................................................................

Data type: .......................................................................................................................................................

Reason: ............................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

Sample: ............................................................................................................................................................

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56 Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Computer Science Algorithms, Programming and Logic Workbook
 9 Databases

Field 5: ............................................................................................................................................................

Data type: .......................................................................................................................................................

Reason: ............................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

Sample: ............................................................................................................................................................

b i Explain why a primary key is needed in a database table.

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ii Give the reason why none of the existing fields are suitable to use as a primary key.

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iii Give a suitable field name, data type and sample for another field that could be used
as a primary key.

Name: ..........................................................................................................................................................

Data type: .................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................................

Sample: .....................................................................................................................................................

c Build the database table as specified in parts a and b. Write or paste a copy of your table
structure here.

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 9 Databases

d Populate the database table with six records. Write or paste a copy of your populated table here.

3 a Explain what is meant by SQL.

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b Explain the function of each of the following SQL statements.

i SELECT

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ii FROM

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58 Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Computer Science Algorithms, Programming and Logic Workbook
9 Databases

iii WHERE

......................................................................................................................................................................

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iv SUM

......................................................................................................................................................................

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c Identify two more SQL statements that you need to know for IGCSE Computer Science.

1 ......................................................................................................................................................................

2 ......................................................................................................................................................................

d Use the six statements from parts b and c to write SQL queries for the database table you
created in Question 2 to:
» Show the types, in alphabetical order, and sizes of all the ice creams that are in stock
» Show the total number of ice creams available to buy
» Count the number of ice creams that have stock below the reorder level.
Write or paste a copy of your SQL queries here.

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 9 Databases

4 A single-table database, TEACHER, contains the details of the teachers in a school. The database
includes these fields:

Name – the teacher’s family name, for example, 'Yo'

Title – the teacher’s title, for example, 'Mr'
Licence – the teacher’s licence number, for example, 'L1234'
Gender – 'M' or 'F'
Subject – the main subject taught by the teacher, for example, 'Mathematics'
Class – the class the teacher tutors, for example, '2Y'

a i Identify the field that would be most suitable to use as a primary key. Give a reason
for your choice.

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......................................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................................

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ii State the data type that could be used for each field.

Name: ..........................................................................................................................................................

Title: ...........................................................................................................................................................

Licence: ......................................................................................................................................................

Gender: .......................................................................................................................................................

Subject: ......................................................................................................................................................

Class: ..........................................................................................................................................................

iii Build a database with the six records shown.

b i Identify a field that should be verified. Give a reason for your choice.

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......................................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................................

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60 Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Computer Science Algorithms, Programming and Logic Workbook
9 Databases

ii Identify a field that could be validated. Give a reason for your choice.

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iii Add your validation to your database.

Here is part of the database table, TEACHER:

Name Title Licence Gender Subject Class

Yo Mr L4579 M Mathematics 3Z

Sing Miss L6713 F Science 2X

Patel Mr L5421 M Geography 4Y

Teo Mrs L7681 F Mathematics 2Z

Young Mrs L6789 F English 3X

Ling Mr L4980 M Science 4X

c i State the output from this SQL query.

SELECT Title, Name
FROM TEACHER
WHERE Subject = 'Science';

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ii Add the SQL statement to show the results in alphabetical order.

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iii Rewrite this SQL statement to include the mathematics teachers as well.

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 9 Databases

iv Write a new SQL statement to count the number of mathematics teachers in the TEACHER
table.

v Check that the SQL statements work for your database.

d Write an SQL statement to display the names of all the teachers and their classes in
ascending order of class.

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Check that your SQL statement works as expected.

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 10 Boolean logic
1 State the logic gate each truth table represents.

a b A B X
c A B X
A B X

0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1

1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1

1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0

............................................... ............................................... ...............................................

2 Complete the truth table for this logic circuit.

A
B

A B C Working area X

0 0 0

0 0 1

0 1 0

0 1 1

1 0 0

1 0 1

1 1 0

1 1 1

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 10 Boolean logic

3 a Write the following statement as a logic expression:

X is 1 if A and B are on or if B is off and C is on

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

b Draw the logic circuit to represent the statement in part a.

4 a Complete the truth table for the following logic circuit:

A B Working area X
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1

b Which single logic gate is represented by the truth table in part a?

.................................................................................................................................................................................

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10 Boolean logic

5 a Complete the truth table for the following logic circuit:

A

A B C Working area X
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1

b How might the logic circuit in part a be simplified?

.................................................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................................................

6 a Complete the truth table for this logic circuit:

B X

A B C Working area X
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1

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 10 Boolean logic

b What single logic gate could replace this logic circuit?

A
B

...........................................................................................................................................................................

7 a Write down the logic expression to represent the following logic circuit:
A

B X

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b Draw the logic circuit which corresponds to the following truth table:

A B C X
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1

B X

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10 Boolean logic

8 A chemical process is monitored using a logic circuit. There are three inputs to the logic circuit
representing the parameters being monitored in the chemical process. An alarm, X, will give an
output value of 1 depending on certain conditions.

The following table describes the process conditions being monitored.

Parameter description Parameter Binary value Description of condition

Reaction temperature T 0 Temperature > 120 °C
1 Temperature <= 120 °C
Pressure of CO gas evolved P 0 Pressure > 2 bars
1 Pressure <= 2 bars
Acid concentration A 0 Acid concentration > 4 moles
1 Acid concentration <= 4 moles

An alarm, X, will generate the value 1 if:

either temperature > 120 °C and acid concentration <= 4 moles
or temperature <= 120 °C and gas pressure <= 2 bars
or acid concentration > 4 moles and gas pressure <= 2 bars

a Write the logic expression to represent the above system.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

b Draw the logic circuit to represent the above system.

A X

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 10 Boolean logic

c Complete the truth table to represent the above system.

T A P Working area X
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1

9 A safety system uses the input from three sensors A, B and C. The binary values from these sensors
form the input to a logic circuit.

The output, X, from the logic circuit is 1 if:

either A is 1 and B is 1
or A is 0 and C is 1
or B is 0 and C is 1

Sensor A
Sensor B Logic circuit 'X' Output, X, from logic circuit
Sensor C

a Draw the logic circuit to represent the above system.

B X

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10 Boolean logic

b Complete the truth table for the above system.

A B C Working area X
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1

c For safety reasons, the sensors feed into three different logic circuits (numbered 1, 2 and 3)
which produce the outputs X, Y and Z. These three outputs then form the inputs to another
logic circuit which has the output Q.

The three logic circuits are connected to this extra logic circuit:

Logic Output X
circuit 1
inputs
from
the Output Y
Logic
three
circuit 2 Q
sensors
A, B
and C
Logic Output Z
circuit 3

Complete the truth table for this system.

X Y Z Working area Q
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1

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 10 Boolean logic

10 a Write a logic expression for the following logic circuit:

B X

b Complete the truth table for the logic circuit.

A B C Working area X
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1

11 a Write the logic expression for this truth table.

A B X
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1

b Draw the logic circuit which is represented by the truth table.

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10 Boolean logic

12 a Draw a logic circuit for this logic expression. Each logic gate must have a maximum of
two inputs and the expression must not be simplified:

X = ((A NAND B) XOR C) OR (A NOR NOT C)

b Complete the truth table for the logic expression:

A B C Working area X
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1

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 10 Boolean logic

Develop understanding of algorithmic and

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This Workbook provides additional support for
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