GEN RP - Finals Reviewer

Lesson #1: Defining History

What is History? Defined as the study of the
past
Who is the Father of History? Herodotus
What is the account about The Histories - the purpose is
Greco-Persian Wars? to record the deeds of men in
the past to inspire future
generations.
Who is the Father of Thucydides - he emphasized
Scientific History? the importance of
systematically collecting
evidence in the process of
writing history.
What does the Greek word The knowledge gained through
Historia pertain to? investigation.
What is History in Filipino? Kasaysayan is derived from
the root word saysay.
What is the Importance of Because the challenges we
Studying History? face today are rooted in the
past. History provides
humanity with lessons that
allow us to have better
control of our destiny.
How should History be From a Filipino perspective
Viewed?
What did the Readings in “As a narrative, any history
Philippine History Book that has been taught and
point out about History? written is always intended
for a certain group of
 audience.”

Lesson #2: Analyzing Historical Sources

How can we Establish the Through examining Historical
Truth about the past? Sources
What are Historical Sources? Documents and items that hold
important information
about the past.

What is the 1st Classification Primary Sources - produced

of Historical Sources? at the same time as the
event or period being studied.
These are “raw materials”of
historical research and
writing.
What is the 2nd Secondary Sources -
Classification of Historical produced by an author using
Sources? primary sources. These are
books and articles that
historians have produced.
What must we consider when The factual and truthfulness of
Examining Historical the sources must undergo
Sources? criticism.
What is the 1st form of External Criticism: verifying
Criticism? the evidence by examining its
physical attributes and its
consistency with the historical
characteristics of the time
when it was produced.
What is the 2nd form of Internal Criticism: the
Criticism? examination of the truthfulness
by looking at its internal
content.
Why is it Important to Because unverified, falsified
Validate Historical Sources? and untruthful sources can
lead to false conclusions.

Lesson #3: Philippine Historiography

What is Histography? It is known to be the “history
of history” or the study of
history and its methodology.

(Primarily concerned with

HOW history should be st
What is Kasaysayan in Stories that were deemed
Ancient Philippine Society? significant to the community.
It was transmitted through
epics, songs and rituals.
What is the Spanish They presented a Bipartite
Historiography in the View of the country’s history:
Philippines? 1. Darkness - Since the
natives were uncivilized
and barbaric
2. Light - The Spaniards
brought civilization and
God.
What is the History of The illustrados presented a
Illustrados and Katipunan? Tripartite View of Philippine
History:
1. Prosperity - Because
natives had freedom and
dignity
2. Darkness - Natives were
subjected to forced labor,
unjust tax, and
discrimination
3. Enlightenment - A
future where Natives are
free and treated equally
 and fairly.

The Katipunan accepted the

tripartite view which sparked
revolution.
What is American American historians justify
Historiography in the the US occupation by
Philippines? describing the natives as
savages and barbaric.
What is the Philippine Reflected the struggle of the
Nationalist Historiography? Filipinos under colonization.
What is Pantayong Pananaw? Emphasized that history
should be processed, written
and taught in the Filipino
language.

Lesson #4: Early Philippine Society

What is the Laguna ● It’s the oldest written

Copperplate Inscription? source of Philippine
history
● 20 by 30 centimeters with
10 lines embossed on one
side
● The document dated itself
to Saka year 822
This proved that Filipinos
knew how to track time and
engage in economic activities.
What is Chau Ju-Kua’s: Chu Translated as Records of
Fan Chi? Various Barbarian Nations.
It chronicles the trade taking
place between Chinese
merchants and the people of
 Ma-i (possibly Mindoro)

It confirms the content in the

LCI that Filipinos engaged in
trade.
What is Antonio Pigaffeta’s This account explicitly
First Voyage Around the described Magellan’s arrival in
World? the Philippines, the lives of
Early Filipinos, and the
interests of 16th century
European countries.

Lesson #5: The Philippines Under Spain

What is Juan de Plasencia’s It is the earliest descriptive
Customs of the Tagalog? written work on early Filipino
society. Explicitly stating:
● Filipinos were organized
into tribal barangays
ruled by datus.
What is Antonio De Morga Describes the socio-political
Sucesos de Las Islas aspects of Filipino Society.
Filipinas? And the shift during the
Spanish Era.
What is Francisco de Sande’s Governor-General Francisco
Letter to Estevan Rodriguez de Sande wrote to Captain
de Figueroa? Estevan Rodriguez de Figueroa
instructing him to conquer
Jolo and mainland Mindanao.
● Emphasized “to take
great care” - but still
ended brutally
● Main purpose was to
gain economic profit
through stealing
resources
 Lesson #6: Revolts and Revolution
What is Diego Silang’s Letter After the Spaniards refusal to
to the British? his requests, Diego Silang
revolted through his letter
by acknowledging Brittain’s
King as his master and seeking
protection from the British.
What is The Hymns of Apolinario dela Cruz, aka
Hermano Pule? Hermano Pule formed a
religious organization
Cofradia de San Jose. Before
his death, he sent out
pamphlets full of hymns
stating:
● A vision of heaven as a
place of equality and
divine harmony.
What is Primary Sources on 1. Kartilya ng Katipunan -
the Philippine Revolution? set of rules and guidelines
from their criticism of
colonial society.
2. Emilio Aguinaldo’s Mga
Gunita ng Himagsikan
3. Declaration of
Philippine
Independence - The
independence of the
Philippines that was
proclaimed on June 12,
1898

Lesson #7: The Philippines Under United

States
What is the Petition Letter A police official named Ray
Against Governor-General Conley was suspended due to
Leonard Wood? bribery. Leonard Wood
asked to reinvestigate the
case but some Filipino
politicians were offended
which caused the “Cabinet
Crisis”
What is the Public Lands Act The perspective of American
of 1903? authorities that the lands in
Mindanao were
“unproductive.”
What is the Political Political caricatures and
Cartoons during the propaganda comic strips
American Period and reconstruct the past in our
Japanese Occupation? imagination.

Lesson #8: The Postwar Period of the

Philippines
When was The Postwar Began with the Japanese
Period of the Philippines? surrender in 1945 until the
EDSA Revolution.
What is Neocolonialism? the control of less-developed
countries by developed
countries through indirect
means of political, economic,
or cultural pressure instead of
military control.
What is the CIA Intelligence The CIA had a five-page report
Memorandum No. 296 of called “Current Situation in
June the Philippines” highlighted
3 things
● The agrarian system
benefited only wealthy
people
● This led to resentment to
the government
 ● Caused a rebellion in
Central Luzom
What is Leon Ty’s “It’s Up to The article narrated Ramon
You Now” Article? Magsaysay’s life and described
(Article about a candidate was him as a trusted leader of
released 3 days before hardcore nationalists. The
presidential elections) image of Magsaysay as a
humble politician was a
packaging covertly
manufactured by the CIA.

What is Corazon Aquino’s Aquino delivered a speech

Speech Before the US highlighting 2 things:
Congress? 1. The difference between
her regime from the last.
2. The continuation of the
“special relationship”
between Philippines and
the United States
She did so in order to pay off
the foreign debt incurred
during the Martial Law
regime.

Lesson #9: Historical Interpretation

What is Oversimplification? When an interpretation does
not offer enough detail to
provide a full picture of what
happened.
What is Inadequacy? Historical interpretations are
still made despite
inadequate evidence to make
definitive assumptions about
the past.
What is Tentativeness? The acknowledgement that
 interpretations are
subjected to changes since
new information are
discovered.
What is The Battle of Based on evidence, Lapulapu
Mactan? was not a young warrior as
(It was oversimplified) commonly imagined, and he
did not personally kill
Magellan. (Mactan warriors
won because they
outnumbered Euroupeans.)
What is The first Catholic A closer analysis to Primary
Mass in the Philippines? Accounts indicate that it did
not happen in Masao, Butuan
but in Limasawa, Southern
Leyte.
What is Rizal’s Retraction? Our national hero may have
retracted his statements
against the Catholic Church.

Lesson #10: Multiperspectivity

What is Multiperspectivity? A way of looking at historical
events from various
perspectives.
What is the Cavite Mutiny? Magnified by Governor-
General Rafael Izquierdo to
justify his persecution of
Filipino reformers. That
killed the 3 Martyr priests
GOMBURZA. According to
sources it was caused by an
order to subject some
soldiers to personal taxes,
from which they were
previously exempt.
What is the Cry of Rebellion? Multiple accounts argue when
and where the Cry of
Rebellion took place which
officially marked the beginning
of the Philippine Revolution.
Many agree that in-depth
research is required here.
Was it the Philippine- American historians refer to
American War or the Philippine-American War
Insurrection? as the “Philippine
Insurrection.” But doing so
denies the continuity of the
conflict to the Philippine
Revolution and the struggle
for independence.

Lesson #11: Historical Negationism

What is Revisionism? It is the reinterpretation of
historical accounts, in light
of new facts or evidence. It
could either be real or fake.
What is Historical The attempt to rewrite the
Negationism? past using unacceptable
techniques. It involves using
forgeries, editing, filtering
and manipulation.
What is Rizal’s Sa Aking Mga Rizal definitely did NOT write
Kababata? this poem, though it is often
attributed to him.
What is Marcos and History? Marcos undertook an
ambitious history book
entitled Tadhana to justify
his regime and to ensure that
history will vindicate him.
What is the Jabidah The exact cause and the
Massacre? number of victims remain
contested. But it's still
significant in Moro history.

Lesson #12: Representation in History

How was History Previously Through the Great Man
Written By? Theory, which is rooted in the
(There is a call to write history assumption that great men
from below that is highlighting move history.
the minority and oppressed)

Lesson #13: Critical Perspectives

What is Critical Thinking? The ability to effectively
analyze information using
facts and logic to form a
judgment.
How should we Approach History must be critically
History? analyzed since our main goal
is to peel off a surface to
uncover truths about the
past.

Lesson #14: Social History

What is Social History? Expands the focus of history
by describing the experiences
of various social groups,
particularly the
marginalized groups.
What are Women in Social They took active part in the
History? major struggles of the country;
and have also been fighting
against gender inequality
and violence.
What are Ethnic Chinese in Chinese immigrants who
Social History? married into Filipino families
or “Tsinoys” play vital roles
in the country’s economy.
What are Indigenous Groups in They have fought to keep
Social History? their cultural identity and
ancestral domain, previously
from colonial subjugation and
now urbanization.

Lesson #15: Political History

What is Political History? Focuses on narrative of

political events, ideas,
movements, organs of
government, elections, parties
and leaders. It also focuses on
how power is organized and
operated in society.
What is an Important aspect of The Evolution of the
Social History? Philippine Constitution
What is a Constitution? The highest law of the land.

Lesson #16: Economic History?

What is Economic History? Deals with the study of past
economic events by applying
economic theory to historical
situations and institutions.

Bonus Question: Why did Antonio Luna challenge Jose Rizal to a

duel?
Answer: It was because of a girl named Nellie Boustead whom
the two prominent figures admired and fought over because of a
“disrespectful” action Luna made towards the girl.