Faculty of Yemeni

Engineering Republic
Electrical Ministry of
Engineering Higher
department Education
and
Electric Machines lab report (6)
Load characteristics of a DC shunt and series generators

Done by: Supervised by:

Badr Al-Mahaqiri Eng. Ali Al-Uqahbi
A.C. No. :
202370060

Sana’a 2024
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Objectives...………………................................................................……………..2

Shunt generator.........................................................................................................2

Tools...…………………...............................................................................2

Procedure ......................................................................................................2

Results............................................................................................................3

Conclusion.....................................................................................................4

Series generator........................................................................................................4

Tools...…………………...............................................................................4

Procedure ......................................................................................................4

Results............................................................................................................5

Conclusion.....................................................................................................6

Discussion.................................................................................................................6

LIST OF FIGURES
Shunt DC generator connection diagram..................................................................2

Shunt DC generator Table of measured values.........................................................3

Graph of Vt against IL...............................................................................................3

Graph of Po against Pin..............................................................................................3

Series DC generator connection diagram..................................................................4

Series DC generator Table of measured values........................................................5

Graph of Vt against IL...............................................................................................5

Graph of Po against Pin..............................................................................................5

1
Objective:
To connect and run the machine as a shunt generator with the suitable instrument and then as
a series generator, and obtain the load characteristics for both generators.

First: The shunt generator:

Tools:
- 2 x Shunt wound machines.
- 1 x Tacho generators.
- 4 x AVOmeters.
- 1 x DC power supplies.
- Variable load (0-1560 Ω resistance)
- Connection wires.

Connection Diagram:

Procedure:
1. The motor-generator set is arranged and connected as shown in the figure.
2. The generator is run up to a chosen speed by means of the motor.
3. The speed is kept constant for all readings.
4. To obtain the external (load) characteristics, RL is connected and a series of readings between
zero load current and 100% load current.
5. Plot the relation between VL and IL.

Results:
2
n(rpm) Vin(V) Iin (A) IF (A) IL (A) Vt (V) Pin (W) Po (W) η%
180 0.28 0.07 0.0 160 50.4 0 0.0
2000
180 0.39 0.062 0.1 138.3 70.2 13.83 19.7
185 0.45 0.06 0.2 128.8 88.25 25.76 29.19
185 0.47 0.045 0.3 105.7 86.95 31.71 36.47

Graphs:

180
160
140
120
100
Vt

80
60
40
20
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3

IL

η% graph
90
80
70
60
50
Pin

40
30
20
10
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Pout
Conclusion:

3
The experiment analyzed the performance of a shunt generator DC machine by measuring V in, Iin,
If, Ia, Vt, Pin, Pout, and efficiency. The plotted Vt vs. IL relationship showed a typical voltage drop
as load increased, caused by armature resistance and reaction. Efficiency initially rose with
increasing load current as shown but after a certain point it’ll start to drop. The results align with
theory, highlighting the importance of voltage regulation and efficiency in shunt generator
applications.

Second: The series generator:

Tools:
- 1 x Shunt wound machines.
- 1 x Series wound machine.
- 1 x Tacho generators.
- 4 x AVOmeters.
- 1 x DC power supplies (0-250V).
- Variable load (0-360 Ω resistance).
- Connection wires.

Connection diagram:

Procedure:
1. The motor-generator set is arranged and connected to the DC supply as shown in the
figure.
2. The DC series motor is run up to its normal speed by means of the shunt motor.
3. The speed is kept constant for all readings by varying either the motor voltage or the
regulating resistance RL.
4. To obtain the external (Load) characteristics, a load resistance R L is connected across the
generator and a series of readings between zero load current and 100% load current is
taken.
5. Plot the relation between VL and IL at constant speed n.
Results:

4
n(rpm) Vin(V) Iin (A) IF (A) IL (A) Vt (V) Pin (W) Po (W) η%
180 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.8 0.0 0 0.0
180 0.1 0.1 0.1 34.4 18.0 3.44 19.11
2000
185 0.2 0.2 0.2 58.2 37.0 11 29.72
185 0.3 0.3 0.3 80.2 55.5 24.06 43.35
186 0.4 0.4 0.4 94.9 74.4 37.96 51.02
186 0.5 0.5 0.5 100 93.0 50 53.76

Graphs:
100
90
80
70
60
50
Vt

40
30
20
10
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5

IL

η% graph
100
90
80
70
60
50
Pin

40
30
20
10
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Conclusion: Pout

5
The experiment on the series generator DC machine showed that as load current IL increased,
both output power Po and terminal voltage Vt decreased, highlighting typical behavior due to
internal losses. The relationship between input power Pin and output power Po demonstrated
efficiency improvements up to a certain load, after which losses increased. While series DC
machines can function as generators, their performance is less stable compared to other types.
Due to the direct relationship between field current and load current, series DC machines are
more suited for motor applications, where this characteristic is advantageous, rather than for
generators.

Discussion:
1.1)
1.2)
1.3)
1.4)
1.5)
1.6)
2.1)
2.2)
2.3)
2.4)
2.5)
2.6)