1. Strategic Position (Where is the business now?
PESTEL Analysis – Analyzing macro-environmental factors
(Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, Legal).
Porter’s Five Forces – Evaluating industry competitiveness and
attractiveness.
Strategic Groups – Classifying competitors based on strategic
dimensions.
Market Segmentation – Understanding market divisions for
targeting strategies.
SWOT Analysis – Identifying Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities,
and Threats.
Resource-Based View (RBV) – Focusing on internal capabilities
and resources as sources of competitive advantage.
Value Chain Analysis (Porter) – Analyzing internal activities to
identify value-adding processes.
2. Strategic Choices (What strategic options are available?)
Ansoff’s Matrix – Exploring growth strategies: Market Penetration,
Product Development, Market Development, Diversification.
Porter’s Generic Strategies – Cost Leadership, Differentiation,
and Focus strategies for competitive advantage.
Bowman’s Strategy Clock – Understanding different positioning
strategies based on price and perceived value.
BCG Matrix – Managing a product portfolio: Stars, Cash Cows,
Question Marks, Dogs.
Suitability, Acceptability, Feasibility (SAF) Framework –
Evaluating strategic options.
Mergers, Acquisitions, Strategic Alliances – Growth and market
expansion strategies.
3. Strategic Action (How can the strategy be implemented?)
McKinsey’s 7-S Framework – Aligning organizational elements
(Strategy, Structure, Systems, Shared Values, Style, Staff, Skills) for
effective implementation.
Kotter’s 8-Step Change Model – Managing organizational
change.
Lewin’s Change Management Model – Unfreeze, Change,
Refreeze process for implementing change.
Project Management Techniques – Including Gantt charts,
Critical Path Analysis (CPA), and Program Evaluation Review
Technique (PERT).
4. Business Process Change & Improvement
Business Process Reengineering (BPR) – Redesigning processes
for efficiency and effectiveness.
Value Chain Analysis – Identifying areas for process improvement.
Harrington’s Process Improvement Model – Continuous process
improvement approach.
Six Sigma – Reducing defects and improving quality in processes.
Lean Thinking – Eliminating waste and maximizing value in
processes.
5. Information Technology (IT) & Systems in Strategy
Porter’s Value Chain & IT Alignment – Leveraging technology to
improve value-adding activities.
E-commerce and E-business Strategies – Using IT for
competitive advantage.
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) – Integrating business
functions through technology.
Big Data & Analytics – Using data-driven strategies for better
decision-making.
6. Risk Management
Johnson & Scholes’ Risk Framework – Assessing strategic risks.
TARA (Transfer, Avoid, Reduce, Accept) – Risk response
strategies.
COSO Framework – Enterprise risk management.
SWOT Analysis – Evaluating internal and external risks.
7. Performance Measurement & Control
Balanced Scorecard (Kaplan & Norton) – Measuring
performance across Financial, Customer, Internal Processes, and
Learning & Growth perspectives.
Triple Bottom Line (Elkington) – Evaluating social,
environmental, and financial performance.
Benchmarking – Comparing performance against industry leaders.
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) – Measuring success against
objectives.
8. Ethical Considerations & Corporate Governance
Mendelow’s Matrix – Managing stakeholders based on power and
interest.
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) – Ethical and social
accountability.
Ethical Frameworks – Utilitarianism, Deontological ethics, and
Virtue ethics in business decisions.
Agency Theory – Addressing conflicts between owners (principals)
and managers (agents).
