SCI 801 TUTORIAL QUESTIONS
1. Various validity types have been formulated as a part of a legitimate research
methodology. List and explain extensively Five (5) validity types.
2. Explain why validity is important in the choice of a research design.
3. Classic research design has four (4) components, list and any explain three (3) of the
components
4. A Research Proposal MUST consist of certain components. Discuss briefly the
components of a comprehensive Research Proposal.
5. Explain the following terms:
a. Literature Review
b. Data Analysis
c. Research Objectives
6. Data collection methods are used in that section or research activity which is dedicated to
collecting data. Many research projects are allowed to use more than one method. List the
different methods of data collection.
7. List three (3) sources of data with examples.
8. Define the term Quantitative Variables
9. Hypotheses are regarded as tentative answers to research problems. They are usually
expressed in the form of a relationship between independent and dependent variables.
Expatiate on research hypotheses and its characteristics with examples.
10. Discuss on the importance of Data Analysis in research.
11. List(2) two software that could assist researchers to analyze collected data.
12. Distinguish between Secondary and Primary Data
13. When conducting research, research is guided by certain sources to formulate a Research
Topic. List and explain Five (5) Sources of Research Topics
14. A Research Proposal MUST consist of certain components. Discuss briefly the
components of a comprehensive Research Proposal.
15. Explain the following terms
a. Literature Review
b. The Research Design and Methodology
c. Research Objectives
16. There are seven processes involved in research. Discuss in details these research process
17. What purposes does introduction letter or a covering letter that accompanies
questionnaire serve in research?
18. A group of 9 students had a test in Mathematics. They have the following scores: Ade =
70, Femi = 65, Hassan = 60, Musa = 55, Effiong = 75, Obi = 80, Uche = 85, Wale = 90,
Emeka = 95. Find the mean and median.
19. Research as a process has eight distinct characteristics, highlight and comment on the
characteristics.
20. Which factors will you consider before you choosing a suitable method of data collection
in research?
21. The first page of the research report is the title page. Use this statement to highlight the
other components of the research report preliminary pages.
22. Historical studies highlight some causal relationships of past events and unearth the
background for the purpose of understanding the social phenomena both past and the
present. Illuminate this statement.
23. You have just been contracted to conduct research on the epidemic of marital breakdown
among the Nollywood celebrities in Nigeria. Discuss in a logical manner, the steps you
will follow when conducting your research.
24. Define empirical scientific research and explain its features. 6. Discuss fully the final
chapter which constitutes chapter five of the research report in your Faculty.
25. Discuss fully the final chapter which constitutes chapter five of the research report in
your Faculty.
26. What is data? How would you describe data collection in research?
27. In order to achieve the goal of understanding the phenomenon of interest in research, the
scientific method rests squarely on some basic assumptions. Comment on these
assumptions.
28. Observational process as data collection method in research demands a rigorous
utilization of the spirit of scientific inquiry. Highlight the standards that should
characterize the observers and their observations.
29. In terms of procedures, naturalistic research is quite unique compared to other types of
research. Substantiate this statement.
30. Historical studies stipulate some causal relationships of past events and unearth the
background for the purpose of understanding the social phenomena both past and the
present. Throw more Light to this statement.
31. What would you describe as the main aim of descriptive research? What kind of
information is designed to achieve?
32. First page of a research report is known to be the title page. Use this statement to
highlight the other components of the research report preliminary pages.
33. A variable in research is a property that takes on different values. Explain the different
types known to you.
34. Comment briefly on the content of the final chapter which constitutes chapter five of your
recently concluded research report.
35. A researcher should be a scholarly imaginative person of the highest integrity”, Use this
statement to discuss the concept of research and the major characteristics of research with
relevant examples.
36. A postgraduate researcher is investigating whether gender has an effect on employee job
satisfaction in a public-sector organization. Job satisfaction is measured using a
standardized scale (score range: 0–100).
Dataset
ID 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Gender Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female
Job_Satisfacti
70 78 65 85 72 90 68 88 66 84
on
Tasks
a. State the hypotheses (null and alternative) for testing gender differences in job
satisfaction.
b. Enter the data into SPSS. Ensure "Gender" is coded correctly (e.g., Male = 1,
Female = 2 or use string).
c. Perform an Independent Samples t-Test to determine if there is a significant
difference between male and female employees' job satisfaction scores.
d. Report and interpret:
a. Group statistics
b. Levene’s Test for Equality of Variances
c. t-test results (p-value)
e. At a 0.05 level of significance, what do you conclude?
37. A postgraduate student is studying how time spent on online learning and self-efficacy
affect students' final GPA (on a 4.0 scale).
Dataset
ID 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Online_Hours 5 8 6 10 4 9 7 11 3 6
GPA 2.5 3 2.7 3.6 2.3 3.2 2.9 3.8 2.1 2.6
Tasks
a. State the regression model and identify the dependent and independent variables.
b. Enter the data into SPSS.
c. Run a simple linear regression analysis with GPA as the dependent variable and
Online_Hours as predictor.
d. Interpret the following from the SPSS output:
a. R and R² values
b. ANOVA table (significance of model)
c. Coefficients table (B values and significance)
e. Write the regression equation and interpret each coefficient.
f. Based on the model, what would be the predicted GPA for a student who spends 8 hours
online?
