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PREFACE OF THE COURSE FILE

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Batch : 2023-2027

Branch : B.Tech [Information Technology]

Year & Semester : III Year – VI Semester

Regulation : 2023-2024

Subject code : ITPC502

Name of the subject : CLOUD COMPUTING (Unit–2)

Faculty in-charge : Mrs. R.Ranjani

Prepared by Approved by

HOD TCF COORDINATOR

Signature

Name R.RANJANI

Designation AP - IT

DEAN ACADEMICS

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CONTENTS

UNIT SL.NO TOPIC PAGE NO

2.1 Cloud computing stack 2
2.1.1 Connecting the cloud 2

2.1.2 IaaS 3

UNIT 2 2.2 PaaS 6

2.2.1 Saas vs PaaS 11

2.2.2 IaaS 14

2.2.3 CaaS 15

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UNIT 2
CLOUD ARCHITECTURE, SERVICES AND APPLICATIONS : Exploring the Cloud
Computing Stack - con- necting to the Cloud - Infrastructure as a Service - Platform as a Service -
SaaS Vs. PaaS, Using PaaS Application Frameworks - Software as a Service - Identity as a
Service - Compliance as a Service.

What is a Cloud Computing Stack?

Cloud computing can be described as a stack that is formed by layers, similar to a cake.
Those layers will be built using cloud computing services, servers, and components, which
can leverage several different clouds forming a single application stack. The network stability
and scalability of the stack will determine its resilience and high availability.
CONNECT TO CLOUD

Cloud computing is a technology that enables us to create, configure, and customize

applications through an internet connection. It includes a development platform, a hard drive,
software, and a database.
In this Cloud Computing Tutorial, you will learn the basic concepts of cloud computing,
which include multiple service models, deployment models, the infrastructure of cloud
computing, and virtualization in cloud computing. We have also covered the advanced
concepts of cloud computing, which will help you to learn more depth about cloud
computing.
Cloud Computing Architecture
Cloud computing architecture refers to the components and sub-components required for
cloud computing. These components typically refer to:
1. Front end ( Fat client, Thin client)
2. Back-end platforms ( Servers, Storage )
3. Cloud-based delivery and a network ( Internet, Intranet, Intercloud )

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1. Front End ( User Interaction Enhancement )

The User Interface of Cloud Computing consists of 2 sections of clients. The Thin clients are
the ones that use web browsers facilitating portable and lightweight accessibilities and others
are known as Fat Clients that use many functionalities for offering a strong user experience.
2. Back-end Platforms ( Cloud Computing Engine )
The core of cloud computing is made at back-end platforms with several servers for storage
and processing computing. Management of Applications logic is managed through servers
and effective data handling is provided by storage. The combination of these platforms at the
backend offers the processing power, and capacity to manage and store data behind the cloud.
3. Cloud-Based Delivery and Network
On-demand access to the computer and resources is provided over the Internet, Intranet, and
Intercloud. The Internet comes with global accessibility, the Intranet helps in internal
communications of the services within the organization and the Intercloud enables
interoperability across various cloud services. This dynamic network connectivity ensures an
essential component of cloud computing architecture on guaranteeing easy access and data
transfer.
What is IaaS? Infrastructure as a Service Definition
In the present digital scene, where agility, versatility, and efficiency are principal,
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) arises as a transformative solution in cloud computing. IaaS
on a very basic level reshapes how organizations secure, manage, and scale their computing
infrastructure by offering virtualized resources over the Internet.
At its core, IaaS frees organizations from the loads of maintaining on-premises equipment,
enabling them to get to and use computing resources on request, deftly, and cost-actually, this

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guide means to demystify the idea of IaaS, giving bits of knowledge into its primary
terminologies, functional cycles, and real-world applications.
Understanding the principles and advantages of IaaS is fundamental for organizations looking
to use distributed computing to drive growth, upgrade intensity, and fulfill the advancing
needs of cutting-edge commercial centers. We should leave this exploration of Infrastructure
as a Service and open the capability of distributed computing for your organization.
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is a cloud computing service model that gives virtualized
computing resources over the web, with IaaS, associations can get to and manage versatile
infrastructure assets like virtual machines, storage, and networking administration parts
without the need to put resources into or keep up with actual equipment.
IaaS allows business to outsource their whole IT infrastructure to a cloud service provider,
empowering them to arrange, deploy, and manage computing resources on-demand, this
adaptability allows organizations to increase their infrastructure or down in view of
fluctuating interest, pay just for the resources they consume, and keep away from the
expenses and intricacies related with customary on-premises infrastructure.

How does IaaS Architecture Work ?

Here's a step-by-step overview of how IaaS typically operates:
 On-Demand Access: With IaaS, users can get to processing resources on-demand,
allowing them to rapidly arrangement and deploy infrastructure components

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depending on the situation. This disposes of the requirement for forthright interest in
equipment and empowers quick scaling to meet changing workload demands.
 Self-Service Provisioning: IaaS platforms offer self-support interfaces, for example,
online interfaces or APIs, that empower users to freely arrangement and manage
systems resources. This self-service model engages users to control their
infrastructure deployments without depending on IT administrators.
 Scalability: IaaS platforms regularly offer level adaptability, allowing users to scale
resources up or down based on demand, this adaptability ensures that associations can
deal with changes in responsibility without encountering margin time or execution
corruption.
 Pay-Per-Use Billing: IaaS providers normally utilize a pay-per-use billing model,
where users are charged on their actual use of computing resources, this utilization
based estimating model offers cost effectiveness, as associations just compensation
for the resources they consume, as opposed to putting resources into excess limit.
PLATFORM AS A SERVICE [PAAS]
Platform as a Service (PaaS) is a cloud computing model designed for developers,
offering a complete environment to build, test and deploy applications. Unlike
traditional infrastructure management, PaaS takes care of things like servers, storage
and networking allowing developers to focus mainly on writing code and delivering
applications quickly.
In the cloud computing ecosystem, PaaS acts as a middle layer between Infrastructure
as a Service (IaaS) and Software as a Service (SaaS). While IaaS provides the
fundamental infrastructure like servers and storage, and SaaS delivers ready-made
applications, PaaS provides developers with the necessary tools and environment to
create custom applications from scratch
PaaS is important for businesses in various ways as it saves time, reduces costs and
simplifies application development. It allows teams to:
 Build and deploy apps quickly.
 Scale resources easily as demand grows.
 Collaborate efficiently with tools designed for teams.
 Focus on innovation without worrying about infrastructure.
How does Platform as a Service(PaaS) work?

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Platform as a Service (PaaS) makes it easier for developers to create, test and deploy
applications by providing a cloud-based environment packed with tools, services and
infrastructure. Here's a simple breakdown of how it works:
1. Core Infrastructure
PaaS is built on cloud infrastructure provided by platforms like AWS, Microsoft
Azure and Google Cloud. The provider handles everything behind the scenes,
including servers, storage, and networking.
 Servers: The provider manages hardware, load balancing and scaling for you.
 Storage: Applications and data are stored in secure cloud data centers.
 Networking: The provider ensures secure, fast communication between resources.
2. Built-In Platform Services
On top of the infrastructure PaaS offers all the tools and services you need to develop
and run applications:
 Operating Systems: Pre-configured systems like Linux or Windows.
 Runtime Environments: Ready-to-use environments for languages like
Java, Python, Node.js, Ruby or .NET.
 Middleware: Services like caching, authentication and messaging for applications.
 Development Tools: Access to code editors, debugging tools, and CI/CD pipelines to
streamline coding and deployment.
3. Simplified Development and Deployment
PaaS takes care of the heavy lifting in the development process:
 Development: You can write code using built-in frameworks and tools. For example,
a developer might use Node.js and connect it to a pre-configured MySQL database.
 Testing: Applications can be tested in sandbox environments that simulate real-world
conditions.
 Deployment: PaaS automates the deployment process with CI/CD pipelines, making
it easy to push updates and changes.
4. Automatic Scalability
One of the best features of PaaS is its ability to scale based on traffic:
 Horizontal Scaling: Adds more application instances to handle increased demand.
 Vertical Scaling: Boosts the resources (e.g., CPU or RAM) of an existing instance.

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The platform adjusts resources automatically, so you don’t have to worry about performance
issues during traffic spikes.
5. Easy Integration with Databases and APIs
PaaS makes connecting to databases and third-party services straightforward:
 Databases: Whether it’s SQL (like PostgreSQL) or NoSQL (like MongoDB), PaaS
simplifies setup and management.
 APIs: You can easily integrate external services like payment systems or analytics
tools to enhance your application.
6. Built-In Security
Security is handled by the provider, so developers can focus on building their applications:
 Data Encryption: Ensures that data is secure both during transfer and at rest.
 Access Control: Role-based permissions and identity management tools are included.
 Compliance: Many providers follow regulations like GDPR or HIPAA to meet legal
and industry requirements.
7. Monitoring and Performance Insights
PaaS platforms typically include tools to monitor application performance and resource
usage. Developers can view logs, set alerts for performance issues, and use analytics to
improve their applications.
8. Flexible Pricing
PaaS usually follows a pay-as-you-go pricing model, charging based on the resources you
use, like CPU hours or storage. Some providers also offer fixed pricing for predictable costs.
Software as a Service Explained
In today's competitive market, businesses must adopt flexible, scalable and cost-effective
solutions to stay ahead. Cloud services like Google Cloud, AWS, and Microsoft Azure offer
these solutions. Among them, Amazon Web Services (AWS) leads the market, offering a
range of services such as Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS), Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS),
and Software-as-a-Service (SaaS).
AWS’s SaaS solutions help businesses improve operations by making them more scalable
and cost-effective while reducing infrastructure and maintenance costs. SaaS provides
software applications over the Internet on a subscription basis, eliminating the need for local
installation and management. It is commonly used in customer relationship management
(CRM), project management, and collaboration tools.

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Importance Of SaaS
Netflix leverages AWS SaaS to enhance its customer experience in several ways:
 Global Reach and Scalability: AWS allows Netflix to scale its operations seamlessly,
ensuring smooth streaming even when millions of users log in simultaneously.
 Content Delivery and Reliability: AWS’s global content delivery network ensures
fast, reliable access to Netflix content, with high availability and minimal downtime.
 Data Analytics and Personalization: AWS helps Netflix analyze user behaviour and
provide personalized recommendations based on viewing patterns.
 Cost Efficiency: By using AWS’s pay-as-you-go pricing model, Netflix avoids the
high costs of building and maintaining physical data centers.
 Security and Compliance: AWS provides strong security features to protect user data,
ensuring privacy and safety.
Through AWS SaaS, Netflix delivers smooth streaming, personalized experiences, and cost-
effective operations, showcasing how cloud-based services can transform business offerings
globally.
How does a SaaS work?
Overview of SaaS Delivery Model
In a SaaS delivery model, the software is hosted on the provider’s cloud infrastructure and
made available to customers via the internet. Users access the application remotely through a
browser, typically via a subscription-based pricing model. This setup eliminates the need for
businesses to maintain their own servers, install software on each device or worry about
software upgrades and patches.
Cloud-based Access and Subscription Model
With SaaS, businesses only pay for the software they use often on a monthly or annual
subscription basis. The subscription model is advantageous as it allows businesses to access
cutting-edge software without upfront costs. Additionally, the software can be accessed from
anywhere, enabling remote work and collaboration, which is especially important in today’s
dynamic business environment.
Top AWS SaaS Solutions for Modern Cloud Applications

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AWS SaaS Services

 Amazon WorkMail: Amazon WorkMail is a cloud-based email and calendar service
that integrates with Microsoft Outlook, iOS and Android. It provides secure data
management, flexible storage locations, and custom encryption for better compliance
with data privacy laws.
 Amazon WorkSpaces: Amazon WorkSpaces offers fully managed virtual desktop
environments for businesses, allowing access to cloud-based workstations. It supports
various operating systems and provides flexible billing with seamless integration into
Active Directory.
 Amazon Chime: Amazon Chime is a secure cloud communication service for virtual
meetings, video conferencing, and real-time chat. It supports high-definition video,
screen sharing, and phone call features for seamless communication across devices.
 Amazon Connect: Amazon Connect is a cloud contact center service that simplifies
customer engagement across voice, chat, and email. It uses intelligent routing, self-
service options, and real-time analytics to enhance customer service and operational
efficiency.
 Amazon QuickSight: Amazon QuickSight is a cloud analytics service that enables
real-time data visualization and dashboard creation. It integrates data from multiple

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sources and uses machine learning to identify trends and anomalies for data-driven
decision-making.
 Amazon AppStream 2.0: Amazon AppStream 2.0 is an application streaming service
that allows users to access desktop applications on various devices without local
installations. It offers custom application bundles and strong security features for
enhanced user productivity.
 Amazon Managed Grafana: Amazon Managed Grafana provides real-time monitoring
and visualization for applications, allowing users to create customizable dashboards.
It integrates with multiple data sources and provides proactive alerting capabilities for
system health.
 Amazon Pinpoint: Amazon Pinpoint is a customer engagement service that supports
multi-channel communication, including email, SMS, and push notifications. It offers
user segmentation, detailed analytics, and A/B testing to optimize marketing and
engagement strategies.
Advantages of choosing AWS SaaS
 Scalability: AWS solutions easily scale resources based on demand, accommodating
businesses of all sizes without worrying about infrastructure.
 Cost-Effectiveness: The pay-as-you-go pricing model eliminates upfront costs,
allowing businesses to pay only for the resources they use.
 anywhere with internet connectivity, promoting remote work and multi-device access

IaaS PaaS SaaS

(Infrastructure (Platform as (Software as
as a Service) a Service) a Service)

Virtualized
Platform for
hardware
building,
What It resources
deploying, Fully functional software applications
Provides (virtual
and managing
machines,
apps
storage, etc.)

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IaaS PaaS SaaS

(Infrastructure (Platform as (Software as
as a Service) a Service) a Service)

Full control Limited

over virtual control
User Control machines, (focuses on No control over infrastructure or software
storage, and building
network applications)

Provider
User manages
manages
OS, Provider manages everything (infrastructure and
Management infrastructure,
applications, software)
user manages
and data
apps

AWS EC2, Google App

Google Engine,
Compute Heroku,
Examples Google Workspace, Microsoft 365, Salesforce
Engine, Microsoft
Microsoft Azure App
Azure Services

High
scalability, Scalable to
scale support
Scalability Limited scalability; focuses on software use and access
resources up growing
or down as applications
needed

High Limited
customization customization
Customization options (e.g., (focuses on No customization; software is ready-to-use out of the box
OS, storage app
configuration) development)

Primary Use Hosting Developing Accessing email, file storage, CRM software,
Case websites, and hosting collaboration
running web

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IaaS PaaS SaaS

(Infrastructure (Platform as (Software as
as a Service) a Service) a Service)

virtual
applications,
machines,
custom
managing
software
databases

Subscription-
Pay only for based pricing,
what you use pay for usage
Cost Model Subscription-based, pay for the software you use
(pay-as-you- of
go model) development
tools

What is platform as a service (PaaS)?

Platform as a service (PaaS) is a cloud computing model that provides a complete on-demand
cloud platform—hardware, software and infrastructure—for developing, running and
managing applications.
It does so without the cost, complexity and inflexibility that often comes with building and
maintaining platform on premises.
The PaaS provider hosts everything—servers, networks, storage, operating system software,
databases and development tools—at their data center. Typically, customers can pay a fixed
fee to provide a specified amount of resources for a specified number of users, or they can
choose "pay-as-you-go" pricing to pay only for the resources they use.
Either option enables PaaS customers to build, test, deploy, run, update and scale applications
more quickly and inexpensively than if they had had to build out and manage their own on-
premises platform.
According to a report from Statista, in 2024, the PaaS global market is estimated to be worth
over 176 billion US dollars. The study contributes this growth to the value PaaS brings by
simplifying infrastructure management for software application development.1 Additionally,
as the generative AI market accelerates, PaaS is also proving to be instrumental in its
development and deployment.
Every leading cloud service provider—including Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google
Cloud, IBM Cloud® and Microsoft Azure—has its own PaaS offering. Popular PaaS

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solutions are also available as open source projects (for example, Apache Stratos, Cloud
Foundry) or from software vendors (for example, Red Hat OpenShift and Salesforce Heroku).
Check out this lightboard video, "PaaS Explained," to further understand how PaaS works.
Software as a service (SaaS /sæs/[1]) is a cloud computing service model where the provider
offers use of application software to a client and manages all needed physical and software
resources.[2] SaaS is usually accessed via a web application. Unlike other software
delivery models, it separates "the possession and ownership of software from its use".[3] SaaS
use began around 2000, and by 2023 was the main form of software application deployment.
Unlike most self-hosted software products, only one version of the software exists[citation
needed]
and only one operating system and configuration is supported. SaaS products typically
run on rented infrastructure as a service (IaaS) or platform as a service (PaaS) systems
including hardware and sometimes operating systems and middleware, to accommodate rapid
increases in usage while providing instant and continuous availability to customers. SaaS
customers have the abstraction of limitless computing resources, while economy of
scale drives down the cost. SaaS architectures are typically multi-tenant; usually they share
resources between clients for efficiency, but sometimes they offer a siloed environment for an
additional fee. Common SaaS revenue models include freemium, subscription, and usage-
based fees. Unlike traditional software, it is rarely possible to buy a perpetual license for a
certain version of the software.
There are no specific software development practices that distinguish SaaS from other
application development, although there is often a focus on frequent testing and releases.
Cloud computing
The SaaS provider is responsible for operating, managing and maintaining the software and
the infrastructure on which it runs. The customer simply creates an account, pays a fee and
gets to work.
Some industry historians trace the origins of SaaS to the 1950s, when applications running on
mainframes were delivered to remote terminals. But SaaS as we know it today began in 1999,
when Salesforce launched its customer relationship management (CRM) system as cloud-
hosted software delivered to web browsers.

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What is identity-as-a-service (IDaaS)?

Identity-as-a-service, or IDaaS, refers to a wide variety of cloud-hosted services for identity
and access management (IAM). Essentially, IDaaS is a category of technological functions
that have to do with user identity and are hosted in the cloud. IDaaS providers help ensure
that users are who they claim to be, ultimately blocking cyber criminals and other
unauthorized users from accessing sensitive data.
What is a cloud service?
The cloud is a broad collection of servers and their supporting infrastructure that are accessed
over the Internet. A cloud service is a product or application that runs on servers hosted in the
cloud instead of running on an organization's local infrastructure. Cloud services use a
subscription model: instead of paying once for a piece of software, cloud customers pay a
monthly fee and can increase their level of service on demand.
Most cloud services are described by appending "as-a-service" to the name of their function.
For example:
 Software-as-a-service (SaaS) refers to software applications hosted in the cloud
 Platform-as-a-service (PaaS) refers to development tools and servers for building
applications that are hosted in the cloud
 Infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) refers to servers in the cloud
 Function-as-a-service (FaaS) refers to serverless computing in the cloud
Identity-as-a-Service, or IDaaS, is a type of SaaS.
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What services do IDaaS providers offer?

IDaaS providers can offer a number of user authentication services, such as:
Multi-factor authentication (MFA): MFA is the use of multiple authentication factors to
verify a user's identity. One example would be requiring users to insert a USB device into
their laptop, in addition to entering their password. MFA is more secure than username and
password combinations alone. Cloud MFA providers enable organizations to quickly
implement MFA. (See also: What is two-factor authentication?)
Single sign-on (SSO): SSO allows users to sign in once to a single portal in order to access all
of their SaaS applications, and it also provides a centralized place for companies to manage
the applications each user has access to. Most SSO services are cloud-hosted and allow users
to access their SSO login pages through a web browser.
Identity management: An identity provider (IdP) stores and manages user identities. An IdP
may check user identities via username-password combinations and other factors, or it may
simply provide a list of user identities that another service provider checks. Cloud-hosted
IdPs fit under the IDaaS umbrella.
Learn about Cloudflare Zero Trust, which enables companies to manage employee access to
any internal resource without a VPN, or read more about access control in the Cloudflare
Learning Center.
Gartner states that the core aspects of IDaaS are:
IGA: Provisioning of users to cloud applications and password reset functionality.
Access: User authentication, SSO and authorization supporting federation standards such as
SAML.
Intelligence: Identity access log monitoring and reporting.

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The Compliance-as-a-Service (CaaS)

 Compliance as a Service (CaaS) automates and centralizes regulatory compliance

processes, reducing manual effort and unifying data collection, evidence generation,
and reporting into a continuous workflow.
 CaaS allows organizations to outsource compliance to specialized providers,
accessing expert knowledge, built-in regulatory content, and AI-enhanced analytics to
accelerate audit preparation and minimize errors.
 By streamlining compliance and providing real-time visibility into compliance
posture, CaaS helps businesses stay up to date with evolving regulations, mitigate
risks, avoid penalties, and focus more on core operations.
Today, many organizations are governed by various types of industry regulations. To name a
few: General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability Act (HIPAA) and California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA).
These regulations are subject to regular and complex amendments, and many compliance
officers expect proactive compliance from every regulated company. However, meeting
regulatory requirements is challenging for today’s organizations due to their busy operational
environments. Also, traditional approaches are no longer sufficient to address complex
compliance needs.
Compliance as a Service (CaaS) has evolved as a viable solution to address those challenges
in previous years. This article explains plenty of things to help you get started:

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 CaaS and how it addresses cybersecurity and automated CaaS

 Significant roles in CaaS
 Primary benefits and concerns to beware
 Steps for integrating CaaS into your organization
Significant roles on a CaaS team
OK, so you might be interested in compliance managed services. You can expect to have a
team of folks to back you up. A CaaS team is typically composed of the following roles.
 Data Protection Officer checks the organization's data to see if they comply with
mandatory data protection regulations such as GDPR and other country-based data
privacy laws.
 The Auditor audits the organization's compliance procedures and practices to find
any compliance violations or risks that can cause a complaint violation. They run
periodic risk assessments generating insightful compliance audit reports and
recommending the next steps for addressing any issues.
 The Risk Manager identifies possible compliance risks of the company and provides
and implements risk management activities to mitigate compliance risks.
 Chief Information Security Officer (CISO), the head of a company’s information
security operation, helps implement necessary controls to protect organizations’
sensitive and private data complying with required cybersecurity compliance
regulations. Most organizations’ sensitive data-related activities must go through
CISO approval to ensure ongoing compliance.
 Management Systems Manager addresses some compliance requirements (like ISO
standards), organizations must deploy management systems to administrators and
manage all the business processes. The Management System Manager is the one who
oversees the activities of these management systems.

 The diagram below shows a typical CaaS workflow.

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