Deccan Education Society’s

Technical Institute of Pune

Question Bank (November -2023)
Subject: (28126)
2 Marks

Q1. Define Manufacturing Process

The manufacturing process is the series of steps used to transform raw materials into a finished product. It
involves using tools, machinery, human labour, and sometimes chemical processes.
Here are some steps in the manufacturing process:
 Design: The product is designed and the materials are specified.
 Acquisition: Raw materials are acquired, either as natural resources or pre-processed materials.
 Modification: The raw materials are cut, shaped, refined, or blended with other materials to create
the finished product.
 Assembly: The finished product is assembled, often on an assembly line.
 Packaging: The finished product is packaged and shipped to customers.
There are many different types of manufacturing processes, including repetitive, discrete, job shop,
continuous, batch, and 3D printing. One manufacturing strategy is Make-To-Order (MTO), where production
only begins after a customer order is confirmed.

Q2. Explain TLV

A Threshold Limit Value (TLV) is a guideline for the maximum average concentration of a hazardous substance
that healthy adult workers can be exposed to in the workplace without experiencing significant adverse health
effects:
 What it is:
TLVs are recommended values for workplace exposure to hazardous substances. They are based on the
opinion of the scientific community that exposure at or below the TLV level does not create an unreasonable
risk of disease or injury.
 How it's used:
TLVs are used by industrial hygienists to make decisions regarding safe levels of exposure to chemical
substances and physical agents in the workplace.
 Who sets it:
The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) sets TLVs. The ACGIH committee
regularly updates existing TLVs and sets new ones based on available animal and human exposure studies.
 What it's not:
TLVs are recommended values, not legal limits. They are not intended to be used for public exposure and do
not guarantee protection to all workers.
Q3. What is the air velocity required at work place as per MFR 1963
According to the Maharashtra Factories Rules, 1963, the air movement in a work room should be at least 30
meters per minute at a height of 1.5 meters above the floor.
The Maharashtra Factories Rules, 1963 are a set of rules formulated by the state of Maharashtra to ensure the
health, safety, and welfare of workers in the workplace.

Q4. How Many Air Changes should take place in an working environment
Conventional operating theatres should have 25 air changes per hour (ACH) when built, for older theatres,
over time this may fall to approximately 20 but ACH should remain close to this figure through regular
maintenance.
RESIDENTIAL SPACES MINIMUM ACH

Offices 6-8

Conference rooms 8-12

Computer rooms 10-14

Break rooms 7-8

Q5. Define Boiler

A boiler is defined as a closed vessel which is used to heat liquid usually water or to generate vapour or steam
or any of such combination under pressure for external use by combustion of fossil fuels.
The function of a boiler is to either produce hot water or steam. Hot water boilers heat water for the purpose
of domestic or commercial heating and hot water supply. Steam boilers generate steam in order to power
turbines for power generation and various other industrial heating applications.
A boiler is a closed vessel that produces steam from water through fuel combustion. Boilers are classified
based on whether the water or hot gases pass through tubes, the water circulation method, furnace location,
intended use, orientation, and capacity.
Boilers convert water into steam or hot water, which can be used for a variety of purposes, including heating,
steam production, and power generation. They are available in a range of designs to meet the specific needs
of different industries.

Q6. What is Pressure Vessel Under SMPV(Undefined) Rules

A pressure vessel is a closed container designed to hold gases or liquids at a pressure substantially higher or
lower than the ambient pressure. Examples include glassware, autoclaves, compressed gas cylinders,
compressors (including refrigeration), vacuum chambers and custom designed laboratory vessels.
Q7. What should be Oxygen Percentage, while working in Confined Space
Oxygen. OSHA dictates that the minimum "safe level" of oxygen in a confined space is 19.5%, while the
maximum "safe level" of oxygen in a confined space is 23.5%. With low oxygen levels being the biggest cause
of death in confined spaces, accurate oxygen level measurements are essential.

Q8. Define Compressed Gas Cylinder

A compressed gas cylinder is a metal container that stores a gas or mixture of gases under high pressure:
 Definition
A compressed gas is a substance that is a gas at normal room temperature and pressure, but is contained
under pressure in a cylinder.
 Pressure
The pressure of a compressed gas in a cylinder is usually measured in pounds per square inch (psi).
 Safety
Compressed gas cylinders contain a large amount of potential energy and can be hazardous if the gas is
released uncontrollably or over-pressurizes equipment.
 Types of gases
There are three major types of compressed gases: liquified gases, non-liquified gases, and dissolved gases.
 Uses
Compressed gas cylinders are used in many applications, including cooking, portable gas heaters, barbecues,
camping gas stoves, and caravanning.

Q9. What are the equipment’s need to be used while working on fragile roofs
When working on fragile roofs, you should use a variety of equipment and take other safety precautions,
including:
 Personal protective equipment (PPE): This includes a full-body harness, lanyard, hard hat, eye
protection, and protective footwear with good grip.
 Guardrails: These serve as a physical barrier to protect workers from falls.
 Covers or domes: These should be placed over or around skylights and rooflights to prevent workers
from falling through.
 Secured means of access and exit: These should be provided for the roof.
 Edge protection: This should include a main guard rail, toe board, and intermediate guard rail.
 Cat ladder, anchorage, life line, and safety belt: These should be provided.
 Traveling cat ladder: This can be provided to avoid people stepping on the roof directly.
 Work permit system: This should be used to enter the fragile roof area.
 Locking the entry to the roof access ladder: This should be done.
You should also ensure that all safety equipment is properly selected, inspected, and maintained. Workers
should be trained in the correct use of the equipment.
Fragile roofs are often found in factories and warehouses and can include corroded metal sheets, non-
reinforced fibre cement sheets, roof lights, and skylights.
Q10. Explain PASS
The PASS system is a method for using a fire extinguisher safely. It stands for Pull, Aim, Squeeze, and Sweep:
 Pull: Remove the pin that prevents the extinguisher from accidentally discharging.
 Aim: Point the nozzle at the base of the fire, not the flames.
 Squeeze: Depress the handle to release the fire suppressant.
 Sweep: Move the nozzle back and forth to smother the fire until it's out.

Q11. What is Galre

Glare is a visual sensation that occurs when there is too much light or an extreme contrast in luminance in a
visual environment, which can reduce visual performance or disturb perception:
 Direct glare: Light from a direct source, such as the sun or a lamp
 Reflected glare: Light reflected off a shiny or smooth surface, such as water, roads, or a computer
screen
Glare can cause a number of issues, including:
 Temporary impaired vision
 Decreased safety
 Visual and bodily discomfort, such as eye strain, headaches, nausea, or temporary blindness
 Ongoing injury to the visual organs and the overall health of the individual
Glare can be classified as physiological or psychological:
 Physiological glare: An objective reduction of visual performance
 Psychological glare: A subjective disturbance of perception due to a disparity between the luminance
and the information content of the area viewed

Q12. Under Petroleum Rules what is hazardous are classification

According to The Petroleum Rules, 2002, hazardous areas are classified into three zones based on the
likelihood of flammable gases or vapors being present:
 Zone 0
An area where flammable gases or vapors are continuously present or for long periods of time
 Zone 1
An area where flammable gases or vapors are likely to be present under normal operating conditions
 Zone 2
An area where flammable gases or vapors are likely to be present only under abnormal operating conditions
or failure or rupture of an equipment
Hazardous area classification helps identify risks so that appropriately rated equipment can be selected to
ensure a safe and reliable operating facility.
Q13. What should be Income of the worker to get profit under ESIC scheme
To be covered under the Employee's State Insurance (ESI) scheme, a worker's monthly income must be less
than or equal to Rs. 21,000. For people with disabilities, the monthly income limit is Rs. 25,000.
The ESI scheme applies to non-seasonal factories that employ at least 10 people. However, the state
government has extended coverage to include many other types of businesses, such as shops, hotels,
restaurants, and educational institutions.
The ESI scheme requires both the employer and the employee to contribute towards the scheme:
 Employee: Contributes 1.75% of their salary
 Employer: Contributes 4.75% of the employee's salary
Employers are still required to contribute towards employees whose daily average wage is up to Rs. 50.

Q14. PLI Act is based on which principal

The Public Liability Insurance (PLI) Act, 1991 is based on the principle of no-fault liability:
Liability to give relief in certain cases on principle of no fault. (1)Where death or injury to any person (other
than a workman) or damage to any property has resulted from an accident, the owner shall be liable to give
such relief as is specified in the Schedule for such death, injury or damage. (2)In any claim for relief under sub-
section (1) (hereinafter referred to in this Act as claim for relief), the claimant shall not be required to plead
and establish that the death, injury or damage in respect of which the claim has been made was due to any
wrongful act, neglect or default of any person.
What it means
This principle means that a person can be held liable even if they were not negligent or took due care and
caution. For example, if someone keeps a dangerous thing on their land and it escapes, they are liable for any
damage caused.
 Why it was introduced
The principle of no-fault liability was introduced to ensure a safe working environment for people handling
hazardous substances and to provide financial benefits from insurance policies.
 Where it appears in the PLI Act
The principle of no-fault liability is incorporated in Section 3 of the PLI Act, 1991 and further extended by
Section 4.

Q15. What are the different Mounting on Boiler

Some common mountings on a boiler include:
 Safety valves: Prevent explosions by releasing pressure when it becomes too high
 Water level indicators: Show the water level in the boiler
 Pressure gauges: Indicate the pressure in the boiler
 Steam stop valves: Regulate the release of steam to the distribution system
 Blowdown valves: Remove impurities from the boiler water
 Temperature indicators and controls: Monitor and maintain the boiler's temperature
 Fusible plugs: Melt at a certain temperature to relieve pressure
 Manhole covers: Provide access to the boiler for inspection and maintenance
  Water level controller: Ensures the water level is appropriate in all load conditions
 Water level alarms and cut-out assembly: Issue audible warnings when the water level is too high or
too low
 Feedwater valves: Control the supply of water from the hot well to the boiler water drum
 Stop valves: Isolate the boiler from the plant or process
 Feedwater check valves: Prevent the boiler from flooding
Boilers need these mountings to operate safely.

Q16. How to preserve the Boiler when it is not in Use

To preserve a boiler when it's not in use, you can try these steps:
 Drain and dry: Drain the water from the boiler and dry the inside with hot air.
 Open drains: Open the drum manhole, blowdown, air cocks, gauge glass, and waterwall box drains.
 Add silica gel: Place silica gel on activated alumina inside the drum after it dries.
 Close pressure parts: Close all pressure parts to prevent leaks.
 Inspect: Inspect the boiler once a month.
 Replace lime trays: Replace lime trays if needed.
 Use boiler water treatment chemicals: Use boiler water treatment chemicals like oxygen scavengers
and corrosion inhibitors to prevent corrosion.
 Mix boiler water: Mix the boiler water thoroughly when it's offline.
 Apply nitrogen: Put the boiler under a slight excess pressure of nitrogen to expel oxygen and prevent
it from getting in from the atmosphere.
You can also insulate your pipes and cylinder to reduce energy consumption. To do this, you can fit foam tubes
around your pipes to keep water hotter for longer.

Q17. What Should be Drivers Qualification to carry Hazardous material by Road

To drive a vehicle carrying hazardous materials by road in India, a driver must meet the following
qualifications:
 Have a valid driver's license with a transport category class of vehicle
 Have a hazardous materials endorsement on their commercial driver's license
 Have successfully passed a course on transporting hazardous goods
 Be able to read and write at least one Indian language and English
 The driver's license must be endorsed by the licencing authority
Q18. Why ILO is called a tripartiate Organization
The International Labour Organization (ILO) is called a tripartite organization because it has equal
representation from governments, employers, and workers:
 Structure
The ILO's structure gives an equal voice to these three groups in the organization's deliberations, ensuring that
their views are reflected in labor standards, policies, and programs.
 Purpose
The ILO's tripartite structure is intended to promote decent work for all and to foster social and economic
progress.
 History
The ILO's tripartite structure was established in the Philadelphia Declaration, which was incorporated into the
ILO's Constitution.
 Benefits
The tripartite structure aims to inspire confidence in workers' and employers' representatives, and to
associate them with governmental action.

Q 19. Define DYKE, what are the house keeping drain and design requirement of DYKE
A dyke is a form of flood protection designed to keep seawater or river water from overrunning land that is
adjacent to it.
Dikes used to hold back water are usually made of earth. Sometimes, dikes occur naturally. More often,
people construct dikes to prevent flooding. When constructed along river banks, dikes control the flow of
water. By preventing flooding, dikes force the river to flow more quickly and with greater force.

4 Marks

Q1. Design Ventilation (Industrial) and Purpose of Ventilation

Industrial ventilation systems are designed to improve air quality and create a safe working environment for
employees.
Industrial ventilation systems are designed to move out (exhaust) and bring in (intake) a specific amount of air
at a specific speed (velocity), which results in the removal of undesirable contaminants in a specific area or
space.
Industrial ventilation systems have several purposes, including:
 Fresh air: Providing a continuous supply of fresh air from outside
 Airborne contaminants: Removing or diluting airborne contaminants
 Fire and explosion hazards: Reducing the risk of fire or explosion
 Temperature and humidity: Maintaining comfortable temperature and humidity levels
 Worker health: Protecting workers from heat stroke and sickness
 Air movement: Controlling air movement to move stale air out and fresh air in
 Comfort: Keeping interiors comfortable by mimicking breezes to evaporate sweat and control
humidity
Industrial ventilation systems use fans to move air around the building. A local exhaust hood, or hood, is
where contaminated air is drawn into the system. The hood should be placed as close to the source of
contamination as possible.
Here are some tips for designing and maintaining an industrial ventilation system:
 Use hoods: Provide a hood for each operation that produces dust, such as sawing, sanding, and
shaping. Design the hood to capture the dust and direct it into the airflow.
 Ensure adequate airflow: Make sure the hood is the right size and is not too far from the process.
 Regularly maintain and test: Regularly check the system to ensure it's working properly and meets
standards.
 Train employees: Educate employees on the importance of effective ventilation.
 Filter and discharge pollutants: Ensure that all pollutants are filtered and discharged to a safe place.

Q2. What is Structure of ILO, Describe in brief function of each department

Structure
ILO Tripartite Constituency
The International Labour Organization (ILO) is the only tripartite UN agency with government, employer and
worker representatives. This tripartite structure makes the ILO a unique forum in which the governments and
the social partners of the economy of its 187 member States can freely and openly debate and elaborate
labour standards and policies.
International Labour Office
The International Labour Office is the permanent secretariat of the International Labour Organization - its
operational headquarters. Administration and management are decentralized in regional, area and branch
offices in more than 40 countries under the leadership of a Director-General.
ILO Director-General
A Director-General is elected every five years by the Governing Body. Subject to the instructions of the
Governing Body, the Director-General is responsible for the efficient conduct of the International Labour
Office and other duties as may be assigned.
ILO Administrative Tribunal
The Administrative Tribunal examines employment-related complaints by officials of the International Labour
Office and of the other international organizations that have recognized its jurisdiction. It is currently open to
approximately 46,000 international civil servants who are serving or former officials of some 60 organizations.
ILO Centres and Institutes
The ILO is universally regarded as an authoritative source of knowledge on the world of work. The
Organization has established institutes and centres that provide specialized research, training and support for
the ILO’s offices and constituents.
The International Labour Organization (ILO) has four main functions:
 Set and promote standards
The ILO sets and promotes standards and fundamental principles and rights at work.
 Create employment opportunities
The ILO creates greater opportunities for decent employment and income for all.
 Enhance social protection
The ILO enhances the coverage and effectiveness of social protection for all.
 Strengthen social dialogue
The ILO strengthens tripartism and social dialogue.
The ILO also:
 Formulates international policies and programs
 Creates international labor standards
 Provides technical cooperation to help countries put policies into practice
 Conducts training, education, and research activities
 Publishes the findings of its studies and research projects

Q3. Describe qualification for being appointed as Safety Offices as per MFR 1982
1. A person shall not be eligible for appointment as a Safety Officer unless he:
(a) possesses a degree in any branch of engineering or technology, and practical experience of working in any
factory in a supervisory capacity for a period of not less than two years, or experience of not less than five
years in training education, consultancy or research in accident prevention in any industry; or
(b) Possesses:
(i) a degree in physics or chemistry or a diploma in any branch of engineering or technology; and
(ii) practical experience of working in any factory in a supervisory capacity for a period of not less than five
years; and
(C)possesses adequate knowledge of Marathi language.
2. No person shall be continued as a Safety Officer unless he possesses any of the requisite qualifications
prescribed in Sub- rule (1) and a diploma in industrial safety, or obtains such qualifications or a diploma within
the period of not more 4 than three years from the appointed day or within such period thereafter as
Government may by notification in the Official Gazette fix from time to time: Provided that the State
Government may, subject to such conditions as it may specify, relax all or any of the requisite qualifications
mentioned in Sub-rules (1) and (2) in favor of any person who has been working as a Safety Officer in any
factory for a period of not less than five years on the appointed day who, in the opinion of the State
Government, possess such practical experience as may be sufficient for his serving as a Safety Officer. (3) 4. 3.
No person, who is directly or indirectly interested in any factory or in any patent, or machinery connected with
it, shall be appointed as a Safety Officer or shall be allowed to hold such officer after he becomes so
interested.
Explanation. - For the purposes of this sub-rule, any person holding less than two per cent of the shares of a
company owning the factory shall not be deemed to be directly or indirectly so interested.

Q4. What are the Conditions to get compensation under the employee compensation act 1923
To receive compensation under the Employee's Compensation Act, 1923, an employee must meet the
following conditions:
 The employee must be injured in an accident that occurs while working in a factory, mine, dock,
construction establishment, plantation, oilfield, or other establishment listed in Schedule II of the Act.
 The injury must result in total or partial disablement that lasts more than three days.
  The injury must not be caused by the employee being under the influence of alcohol or drugs.
 The injury must not be caused by the employee wilfully disobeying safety rules.
 The injury must not be caused by the employee deliberately removing safety equipment.
The Employee's Compensation Act also provides financial support to dependents in the event of an
employee's death.
The Act does not apply to employees who are already covered by other social security laws.

Q5. Write content of Safety Rules Under MSIHC rules

INFORMATION TO BE FURNISHED IN A SAFETY REPORT
1. The name and address of the person furnishing the information. 2. - 3. 4.
2. Description of the industrial activity, namely
(a) site,
(b) construction design,
(c) protection zones explosion protection, separation distances,
(d) accessibility of plant,
(e) maximum number of persons working on the site and particularly of those persons exposed to be
hazard.
3. Description of the processes, namely –
(a) technical purpose industrial activity,
(b) basic principles technological process, of of the the
(c) process and safety -related data for the individual process stages,
(d) process description,
(e) Safety-related types of utilities.
4. Description of the hazardous chemicals, namely –
(a) chemicals (quantities, substance data, safety-related data, toxicological data and threshold values),
(b) the form in which the chemical may occur on or into which they may be transformed in the event of
abnormal conditions,
(c) the degree of purity of the hazardous chemical.
5. Information on the preliminary hazard analysis,
namely-
(a) types of accident
(b) system elements or events that can lead to a major accident,
(c) hazards,
(d) safety-relevant components.
6. Description of safety -relevant units, among others;
(a) special design criteria,
(b) controls and alarms,
(c) special relief systems,
(d) quick-acting valves,
(e) collecting tanks/dump tank,
(f) sprinkler system,
(g) fire fighting etc.
7. Information on the hazards assessment, namely-
(a) identification of hazards,
(b) the cause of major accidents,
(c) assessment of hazards according to their occurrence frequency,
(d) assessment of accident consequences,
(e) safety systems,
(f) known accident history.
8. Description of information or organizational systems used to carry on the industrial activity safety, namely-
(a) maintenance and inspection schedules,
(b) guidelines for the training of personnel,
(c) allocation and delegation of responsibility for plant safety,
(d) implementation of safety procedure.
9. Information on assessment of the consequences of major accidents, namely-
(a)assessment of the possible release of hazardous chemicals or of energy,
(b) possible dispersion of released chemical,
(c) assessment of the effects of the releases (size of the affected area, health effects, property damage)
10. Information on the mitigation of major accidents, namely –
(a) fire brigade,
(b) alarm systems,
(c) emergency plan containing system of organization used to fight the emergency, the alarm and the
communication rules guidelines for fighting the emergency, information about hazardous chemicals,
examples of possible accident sequences,
(d) coordination with the District Emergency authority and its offsite emergency plan,
(e) notification of the nature and scope of the hazard in the event of an accident,
(f) antidotes in the event of a release of a hazardous chemical.

Q6. What is the Central Crisis Group and What is its Function
The CCG shall be the apex body in the country to deal with and provide expert guidance for planning and
handling of major chemical accidents in the country. The CCG shall continuously monitor the post-accident
situation and suggest measures for prevention of reoccurrence of such accidents.
The CCG's functions include:
 Monitoring the situation after a chemical accident and suggesting ways to prevent future accidents
 Analysing the accident and evaluating the response
 Reviewing emergency plans for districts and suggesting ways to reduce risks
 Reviewing progress reports from State Crisis Groups
 Answering questions from State and District Crisis Groups
 Publishing a list of experts and officials for chemical accident handling
 Providing financial and infrastructural assistance in the event of a chemical accident
 Providing information on chemical accident prevention, preparedness, and mitigation
The CCG is empowered by the Central Government under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.

The CCG's functions also include:

1. To deal with major chemical accidents and provide expert guidance for handling major chemical
accidents in the country.
2. Continuously monitor the post-accident situation arising out of a major chemical accident and suggest
measures for prevention and to check recurrence of such accidents.
3. Conduct post-accident analysis of such major chemical accidents and evaluate responses.
4. Review District Off-Site Emergency Plans with a view to examining its adequacy in accordance with,
the Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989 and suggest measures to
reduce risks in the industrial pockets.
5. Review the progress reports submitted by the State Crisis Group.
6. Respond to queries addressed to it by the State Crisis Group and District Crisis Group.
7. Publish a State-wise list of experts and officials who are concerned with the handling of chemical
accidents.
8. Render in the event of a chemical accident in a State, all financial and infrastructural help as may be
necessary.