IV Year B.
Sc (DFs) – I Semester L/T/P/C:
3/-/-/3
MALLA REDDY UNIVERSITY
MULTIMEDIA FORENSICS
Course Objectives:
1. Define the core principles and types of digital multimedia formats relevant to forensic
investigations.
2. Identify the forensic tools, devices, and laws used for analyzing and preserving
multimedia evidence.
3. Analyse images and videos to detect manipulation, extract metadata, and verify
authenticity.
4. Apply audio signal processing techniques to enhance voice samples and perform
speaker identification.
5. Evaluate multimedia evidence for legal admissibility through appropriate
documentation and expert testimony.
Unit I: Fundamentals of Multimedia Forensics
Introduction to digital signals: audio, image, and video; Digitization: Sampling and Quantization;
Image Enhancement Techniques: Spatial and Frequency Domain; Image Compression: Types,
Techniques, and Applications; Image Representation and Description Techniques; Pattern Clustering
and Classification
Unit II: Scope and Tools of Multimedia Forensics
Scope and objectives of Multimedia Forensics; Basics of Multimedia and its forensic relevance;
Devices for capturing digital images, videos, and audio; Standards and best practices in multimedia
forensics; Admissibility of multimedia evidence in court; Relevant Cyber Laws and Acts
Unit III: Image and Video Forensics
Active and Passive Image/Video Forensics; Blind and Non-blind Forensic Techniques; Source Camera
Identification; Detection of Image/Video Tampering; Forensic Authentication of Digital Images and
Videos; Specific Frame Analysis and Metadata Investigation; CCTV and DVR Forensics: Data retrieval
and enhancement
Unit IV: AV Analysis and Speaker Identification
Analog to Digital Conversion of Sound; Sampling, Quantization, and Acoustic Parameters; Frequency
and Time Domain Signal Representation.
Scope of Speaker Identification; Human Vocal Tract and Speech Sound Mechanism; Voice Production
Theory and Speech Signal Processing; Forensic Phonetics and Transcription Techniques; Auditory and
Spectrographic Analysis; Automatic Speaker Identification Systems; Collection and Analysis of Voice
Samples: Methods and Challenges
Unit V: Legal Framework and Reporting of Multimedia Evidences
Legal admissibility of multimedia evidences; Indian IT Act (Sections 65A, 65B, 79A) and Indian
Evidence Act (Section 45); expert witness testimony and report writing; challenges in court regarding
multimedia authenticity; standard reporting protocols for audio, video, CCTV, and image evidences;
case law and practical scenarios.
Course Outcomes:
1. Explain multimedia processing techniques including digitization, enhancement, and
classification for forensic use.
2. Demonstrate the use of forensic tools and procedures for collecting and analyzing
image, video, and audio evidence.
3. Assess digital images and videos for tampering, manipulation, and source verification
using forensic techniques.
4. Perform speaker recognition and acoustic analysis using time-frequency domain
transformations.
5. Justify the admissibility and evidentiary value of multimedia files in legal proceedings
through structured reporting.
Reference Books:
1. Multimedia Forensics and Security Foundations, Innovations, and Applications by
Aboul Ella Hassanien, Mohamed Mostafa Fouad
2. Forensic Comparison of Voice, Speech and Speakers by Jonas Lindh
