Quantum cryptography
Quantum computers use quantum bits, also known as qubits, which have the ability to exist in
multiple states simultaneously. This unique feature of qubits enables quantum computers to
perform certain calculations much faster than classical computers. As a result, quantum
computers have the potential to break many of the commonly used cryptographic algorithms,
such as the RSA and elliptic curve algorithms. To counter these threats, researchers have been
developing new cryptographic techniques that are resistant to attacks by quantum computers.
One such technique is known as post-quantum cryptography, which uses mathematical
problems that are believed to be difficult even for quantum computers to solve. These
problems include lattice-based cryptography, code-based cryptography, and hash-based
cryptography.
Lattice-based cryptography is based on the hardness of solving certain problems in the
mathematical field of lattices. Lattices are geometric structures that can be used to represent
certain mathematical problems, and lattice-based cryptography uses these structures to create
encryption and signature schemes. These schemes are believed to be secure against attacks by
quantum [Link]-based cryptography is based on the hardness of decoding certain
linear codes.
In conclusion, quantum computing has the potential to significantly impact the field of
cryptography, as many of the commonly used cryptographic techniques are vulnerable to
attacks by quantum computers. However, researchers are actively working on developing new
cryptographic techniques that are resistant to these threats. These techniques include post-
quantum cryptography and quantum cryptography, which use mathematical problems and
principles of quantum mechanics, respectively, to enable secure communication and
information security.
