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Odd and Even Functions

The document explains the classification of functions as even, odd, or neither, providing visual and algebraic criteria for each type. Even functions exhibit symmetry about the y-axis, while odd functions have point symmetry about the origin. Examples and tests for determining the nature of functions are also included.

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wexogix874
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50 views2 pages

Odd and Even Functions

The document explains the classification of functions as even, odd, or neither, providing visual and algebraic criteria for each type. Even functions exhibit symmetry about the y-axis, while odd functions have point symmetry about the origin. Examples and tests for determining the nature of functions are also included.

Uploaded by

wexogix874
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Odd and even functions

We can classify the graphs of functions as either even, odd, or neither.

Even Odd
Visually Visually
𝑦-axis is the axis of symmetry Point symmetry in the origin
(Mirror reflection about the 𝑦-axis?) (rotate around the origin by 180°… does it look the same?)

Algebraically Algebraically
𝑓(𝑥) is even if 𝑓(𝑥) is odd if
𝑓(−𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) for all 𝑥 in the domain 𝑓(−𝑥) = −𝑓(𝑥) for all 𝑥 in the domain

(ie: equation is unchanged when 𝑥 is replaced by a – 𝑥) (ie: equation is unchanged when 𝑥 is replaced by a – 𝑥
and 𝑦 is replaced with −𝑦)

Example:
Example:

If we cannot classify a function as even or odd, then we call it neither!

Graphical examples
Odd, Even or neither………… testing visually

Even Odd Neither Even Neither


(symmetrical (rotated 180° (Not (symmetrical (Not
around 𝑦 −axis) around the symmetrical and around 𝑦 −axis) symmetrical and
origin) not rotated not rotated
around origin) around origin)
Odd and even functions
Algebraic examples
Odd, Even or neither………… Verify algebraically

To test…
Simplify 𝑓(−𝑥) and see whether it is 𝑓(𝑥), −𝑓(𝑥) or neither

Original function Original function…. But negative

Example 1: Example 2: Example 3:

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 ! − 6𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 % − 3 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 $ + 2𝑥 + 1

Test: 𝑓(−𝑥) Test: 𝑓(−𝑥) Test: 𝑓(−𝑥)

𝑓(−𝑥) = (−𝑥)! − 6(−𝑥) 𝑓(−𝑥) = (−𝑥)% − 3 𝑓(−𝑥) = (−𝑥)$ + 2(−𝑥) + 1


Simplify (think about what
Simplify (think about what will change if the value Simplify (think about what
will change if the value was to be negative) will change if the value
Squaring a
was to be negative) negative will was to be negative)
produce the
𝑓(−𝑥) = 𝑥 % − 3 same
answer
𝑓(−𝑥) = −𝑥 ! + 6𝑥 As will 𝑓(−𝑥) = −𝑥 $ − 2𝑥 + 1
This is the exact same anything to
Can you re-write as original as the original function an even
Can you re-write as original
power
function but negative? function but negative?
𝑓(−𝑥) = 𝑥 % − 3
𝑓(−𝑥) = −[𝑥 ! − 6𝑥] 𝑓(−𝑥) = −[𝑥 $ + 2𝑥 − 1]
∴ 𝑓(−𝑥) = −𝑓(𝑥)
∴ 𝑓(−𝑥) = −𝑓(𝑥) ∴ 𝑓(−𝑥) ≠ −𝑓(𝑥)
∴ function is EVEN
∴ function is ODD ∴ function is NEITHER

Your turn
Are these functions even, odd or neither?

"!
(a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 − 𝑥 ! (c) 𝑓(𝑥) = " " #" # (d) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥√4 − 𝑥 $

& &
(b) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 % + 𝑥 $ (d) 𝑓(𝑥) = " ! #& (e) 𝑓(𝑥) = % 𝑥 ' − 5𝑥 $

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