Module 1
FUNCTIONS
Differential and Integral Calculus
Lesson 4:
SPECIAL FUNCTIONS
Differential and Integral Calculus
OBJECTIVE:
• define function and identify
classification of function
Differential and Integral Calculus
DEFINITION: PIECEWISE DEFINED FUNCTION
Sometimes a function is defined by more than one
rule or by different formulas. This function is called
a piecewise define function.
A piecewise defined function is defined by different
formulas on different parts of its domain.
Example: − x if x 0
x 2 if x<0 2.f ( x ) = 9 − x 2 if 0 x 3
1.f ( x ) =
x + 1 if x 0 x − 3 if x > 3
Differential and Integral Calculus
EXAMPLE:
A. Evaluate the piecewise function at the
indicated values.
x 2 if x<0
1.f ( x ) = f(-2), f(-1), f(0), f(1), f(2)
x + 1 if x 0
3x if x 0
2.f ( x ) = x + 1 if 0 x 2
( x − 2) 2 if x 2
f(-5), f(0), f(1), f(5)
Differential and Integral Calculus
EXAMPLE:
B. Define g(x) = |x| as a piecewise defined
function and evaluate g(-2), g(0) and g(2).
Solution:
x if x 0
From the definition of |x|, g( x ) =
− x if x 0
Therefore
g ( −2 ) = −( −2 ) = 2
g( 0 ) = 0
g( 2 ) = 2
Differential and Integral Calculus
EXAMPLE:
Sketch the graph of the following functions and
determine the domain and range.
4 if x2
1.g ( x) = 2 if −1 x 2
− 3 if x −1
3x − 2 if x 1
2. f ( x) = 2
x if x 1
x 2 if x 1
3. f ( x) =
2 x + 1 if x 1
Differential and Integral Calculus
EXERCISE:
[Link] the indicated values of the given functions.
3 if t −4 − 4 if x −2
a. f ( x ) = t + 1 if − 4 t 4 b. h( x ) = − 1 if − 2 x 2
t if t4 3 if
2x
f (−6), f (−4), andf (16)
h(−3), h(−2), h , h(e 2 ), andh(2)
2
x 2 − 4 if x −3
c. F( x ) =
− 2 if x = −3
2
f ( 4), f (0), f ( −3), andf −
3
Differential and Integral Calculus
2. Define H(x) as a piecewise defined function and
evaluate H(1), H(2), H(3), H(0) and H(-2) given by,
H(x) = x - |x – 2|.
Differential and Integral Calculus
3. For a given outside temperature T and wind speed v, the
Wind Chill Index (WCI) is the equivalent temperature that
exposed skin would feel with a wind speed of 4 mi/hr.
An empirical formula for the WCI based on experience
and observation is
T, 0v4
WCI = 91.4 + (91.4 − T )(0.0203 v − 0.304 v − 0.474), 4 v 45
1.6T − 55, v 45
where T is the air temperature in oF, v is the wind speed in
mi/hr, and WCI is the equivalent temperature in oF.
Find the WCI if the air temperature is 25oF and
a) v = 3 mi/hr,
b) v = 46 mi/hr and c) v= 15 mi/hr.
Differential and Integral Calculus
DEFINITION: ABSOLUTE VALUE FUNCTION
Recall that the absolute value or magnitude of
a real number is defined by
x, if x0
x =
− x , if x0
Properties of absolute value:
1. − a = a A number and its negative have the same absolute value
2. ab = a b The absolute value of a product is the product of the absolute values
a a
3. = , b 0 The absolute value of a ratio is the ratio of the absolute values
b b
4. a + b a + b The triangle ineaquality
Differential and Integral Calculus
The graph of the function f ( x) = x can be obtained
by graphing the two parts of the equation
x, if x 0
y=
− x , if x 0
separately. Combining the two parts produces the V-
shaped graph. It may help to generate the graph of
absolute value function by expressing the function without
using absolute values.
Example:
Sketch the graph of the following functions and determine
the domain and range.
1.f ( x ) = x + 3x + 1
2.f ( x ) = 3 + 2x + 5
Differential and Integral Calculus
The greatest integer function is defined by
x = greatest integer less than or equal to x
Example:
0 = 0 1.1 = 1 3.4 = 3
0.1 = 0 1.2 = 1 − 3.4 = -4
0.3 = 0 1.9 = 1 − 0.9 = -1
0.9 = 0 2 = 2
1 = 1 2.1 = 2
Differential and Integral Calculus
Graph of greatest integer function.
Sketch the graph of y = x
x y = x
− 2 x −1 −2
−1 x 0 −1
0 x 1 0
1 x 2 1
2x3 2
Differential and Integral Calculus
y
o
x
Differential and Integral Calculus
