FOOD
and
NUTRIT
ION
Made by :-Sara and
Lavishka
Food
Food can be defined as “anything,
solid or liquid which when swallowed,
digested and assimilated in the body,
helps to keep the body in a state of
health.”
Food
Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Utilization
Health
Nutrients
“Nutrients are the chemical substances present in
food which perform different functions relating to
body growth and development and maintenance
of good health.”
'Nutrition' comes from a
Nu
Latin word 'Nutr' which trit
means to nurture or nourish.
Adequate nourishment ion
sustains life. It gives us
immunity to fight diseases,
maintenance of body “Type a quote here.”
strength and mental fitness
for the performance of
variety of functions
It is defined as, “ The science that interprets
–Johnny Appleseedthe relationship of food to the
throughout
functioning our life. It includes the intake of food, liberation of energy,
of living organisms.
elimination of wastes, all the processes of synthesis which are essential for
maintenance, growth and reproduction.
Nutrient
Classification
“Type a quote here.”
(lipids (rougha
) ge)
–Johnny Appleseed
Functional
classification
1. Body Building food -
Proteins, Minerals
“Type a quote here.”
2. Energy giving food -
Carbohydrates, Fats
–Johnny Appleseed
3. Protective food -
Vitamins, Minerals
4. Regulatory foods -
water, Roughage.
Balanced
Diet
A Balanced diet is that diet which provides all the nutrients as per
the requirements to Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), "A
balanced diet is defined as one which contains different types of
foods in such quantities and proportions that the need for calories,
minerals, vitamins and other nutrients is adequately met. A small
provision has to be made for extra nutrients to withstand short
duration of leanness.”
Weight control *Daily exercise *Sleep 7-9
hours
The World Health
Organization
(W.H.O.) defines
health as "a state
of complete
Healt
physical, mental
and social well
being and not
merely the
h
absence of disease
or infirmity.
Malnutrition
Malnutrition is commonly considered as inadequate nutrition. However, this is
a false notion that prevails. Malnutrition can be both over-nutrition and under
nutrition. Both impose serious threats to health and life when ignored.
Numerous health complications are caused by malnutrition. This also suggests
that many disorders and diseases can be prevented if we consume food
Optimum Nutrition
The term “Optimum
Nutrition” can be defined as
eating the right amounts of
nutrients on a proper
schedule to achieve the best
performance and the longest
possible lifetime in good
health,assuming that
external negative influences
like accidents and infectious
diseases can be avoided.
Functions of
Food
Physiological
Functions
The body requires nutrients for energy,
growth, maintenance, and regulation of
bodily functions. Energy-giving
nutrients include carbohydrates, fats,
and proteins, which support both
voluntary and involuntary activities.
Proteins, minerals, and water help
build and maintain body tissues like
muscles, bones, and organs. Nutrients
like water and roughage regulate
processes such as digestion, excretion,
and body temperature. Protective
foods, including vitamins and minerals,
defend the body against diseases and
aid in various physiological functions.
Antioxidants and non-nutrient
substances also help protect the body
from environmental harm and support
essential processes like blood
circulation and digestion.
Psychological
Functions
-Food satisfies emotional needs
and offers a sense of security
and comfort.
-Trying new foods can bring joy
and strengthen global
connections.
-Eating together fosters
intimacy, communication, and
bonding within families.
Social Function
-Food plays a vital role in
social gatherings, symbolizing
friendship, love, and
happiness.
- Sharing food enhances social
relationships, builds rapport,
and fosters togetherness.
- Food is central to various
cultural celebrations and
traditions worldwide.
Dimensi
ons of
1. Physical Well-being
- Achieved through proper nutrition, exercise, and
adherence to health rules.
Health
- Nutrient requirements vary by age, gender, and
physical conditions (e.g., children, pregnant women,
elderly).
2. Mental and Emotional Well-being
- Emotions (love, anger, stress) influence appetite
and eating habits.
- Under-nutrition leads to irritability and reduced
focus or productivity.
3. Social Well-being
-A socially sound person interacts well,
earns more, and contributes to society.
-Acceptance and popularity boost confidence
and self-development.
4. Spiritual Well-being
-Involves maintaining calmness, focus, and
peace of mind.
-Ayurveda emphasizes foods that positively
affect mood and mental clarity.
8
Points
for a Healthy
Eat plenty of fibre, pulses, whole grains, foods made
from whole-grain flour (such as whole-grain bread), and
fruit and vegetables, which give you the benefit of fibre
as well as its associated essential fatty acids,minerals
and vitamins.Grains are better coarsely ar ground than
refined.
It is advisable to consume plenty of fresh fruit and
vegetables. Include a variety of colourful fruits, you also
provide vitamins , minerals, essential rad pulses in the
diet. They also provide different antioxidants that help the
body to resist diseases caused by lifestyle factors like
smoking, pollution, obesity.Peel the fruits as little as
possible (peel and pith are nutrient-rich.) Cook vegetables
lightly by steaming or stir-frying.
Moderate your fat intake (especially
saturated fat).Choose fish,offal (or
meat),poultry,whole
grains,pulses,nuts and seeds or
sprouted seeds,rather than red
meat and cheese.
Moderate your sugar intake.Use sugar
as a flavouring rather than as a
food.Avoid cakes,sweets
chocolates ,biscuits,pudding,ice
cream,jam,fruit canned syrup,soft
drinks,sugar in tea and coffee and
milkshakes.
Moderate your salt intake,
instead of adding salt to a
food with herbs, spices,
fresh ginger,
horseradishdish, lemon
juice, tomato purée,
vinegar, soya sauce,
vegetable stock ,yeast
extract, Chutney, and
other flavourings.
Cut down your
consumption of processed
food to avoid ‘empty
calories’ saturated fats,
added sugar, refined cereal
grains, and additives.
Exercise regularly and
consume the amount of food
and drink that with enable
you to gain and optimise
body weight.
Do not get thirsty and do not skip
breakfast.
Unhealthy
Foods
Some foods are considered unhealthy on ground of
their being high in calories (saturated fats), lack of
antioxidant d and fibres.Such foods when
consumed lead to high probability of the
occurrence of many diseases. A few of these are
tint, frozen, and can food food rich in fats, cheese
and fried foods saturated fats, refine flour.
Meaning of basic
Cookery Terms
Cutting
Dividing a solid food into pieces, cutting, makes cooking and
chewing a food easy.
Chopp
ing
Cut food item in a small pieces where uniformity of size and
shape is needed and necessary, nor possible.
Gra
tin
The process of transferring solid food items into small crush four
by rubbing them against a greater.
g
Kneadi
ng
When making the dough flour and other dry ingredients are
combined with wet ingredients until a sticky mass forms, this sticky
mass is the kneaded with hand palm in front and backward
motions until it forms smooth ball with an elastic texture.
Beating
Act of mixing and stirring ingredients rapidly until they
are blended.
Act of mixing or stirring ingredients
rapidly until they are blended.
Peeli
Removing skin of fruitng
or vegetables with the help
of of a knife.
Stringing
Julienne
Stringing julienne refers to a method of slicing fruits, vegetables
and meats into strips that resemble matchsticks. Julienne strips
are usually no more than 1/8 inch (3mm) square but can be cut
to any length desired. Standard sizes are 1/8 inch (3mm) square
by 1 to 2 inches (25mm to 50 mm) long. Fine julienne will be
1/16 inch (1.5mm) square by 1 to 2 inches (25mm to 50 mm) in
length.Vegetables cut this way cook much faster, so julienne
strips are often used in stir- fries. They are also used as a
decorative cut to garnish various dishes. There are several
kitchen utensils available to simplify the process, which is
referred to as julienne peelers. These peelers typically have two
blades, one straight-edge and one saw-tooth, placed
perpendicular to the handle that serve to cut consistent- sized
strips as the utensil is run down and through the flesh of a
vegetable or fruit.
Mas
Crushing food into ahing
smooth ,evenly textured
mixture .
Cut and
Fold in
Cut in refers to mix a cold fat (such as butter) with flour or dry
ingredients by hand until mixture resembles coarse
crumbs.This can be achieved by using a pastry blender or two
tableware knives,whereas fold in refers to gently combine a
lift airy mixture on top of the heavier mixture,and using a
rubber spatula ,cut vertically down through mixtures across
the bottom of the bowl and up the opposite side.Rotate the
bowl a quarter turn with each stroke.
Blen
ding
The process of combining two or more ingredients together so that
they lose their individual characteristics and become smooth and
uniform.
Dus
ingredients. ting
Coating food with powdery
