Nadimpalli Satyanarayana Raju Institute of Technology (NSRIT)
SUMMER INTERNSHIP-2
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
NAME : K.TRISHA
ROLL NO : 21NU1A0464
DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
COMPANY: TECKYBOT
WEEK-1
(Introduction to Embedded Systems & C-Programming)
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Nadimpalli Satyanarayana Raju Institute of Technology (NSRIT)
CONTENTS:
• Introduction to Embedded Systems
• Applications of Embedded Systems
• Introduction to C-Programming
• Applications of C-Programming
• C-Tokens
• Keywords-Operators-Identifiers-Special Symbols
• Variables
• Data-Types
• Decision Making Statements
• Loops in C
• Functions in C
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Nadimpalli Satyanarayana Raju Institute of Technology (NSRIT)
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS:
Embedded Systems is a combination of both hardware and software to execute a specific task.
HARDWARE DEVELOPMENT:
• Working of different fundamental electronic components.
• Circuit Design [Schematic and PCB Design]
• Digital Electronics
• Communication Protocols
• Debugging and Testing
• Power Management
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT:
• C, C++ Programming language
• Assembly language / Python[optional]
• Architecture level Hardware Knowledge
• Operating Systems Concept
• Harvard / Von Newman architecture
• ARM, Intel, or any Standard Architecture
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Nadimpalli Satyanarayana Raju Institute of Technology (NSRIT)
APPLICATIONS:
1. Consumer Electronics - Washing Machines, TV, AC.
2. Robotics - Drones, Robots.
3. Biomedical \ Healthcare - X-Ray, MRI Machines
4. Manufacturing - Embedded Systems to control Mechanical Components.
5. Computer Hardware - RAM, ROM, Webcams.
6. Telecommunications - 4G, 5G, WIFI, Bluetooth.
7. Other - Defence, Aerospace, Electric Vehicles, Power Electronics.
Figure1: Applications of Embedded Systems
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Nadimpalli Satyanarayana Raju Institute of Technology (NSRIT)
C-PROGRAMMING:
• C is a general purpose, procedural , high-level language.
• Used in development of computer software and applications, system programming softwares , games etc.
• C-language was developed by DENNIS M.RITCHIE at Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1972.
• It is powerful and flexible language.
• It was first developed for UNIX operating system.
STRUCTURE OF C-PROGRAM:
Figure2: Structure of C Program
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Nadimpalli Satyanarayana Raju Institute of Technology (NSRIT)
C-PROGRAMMING APPLICATIONS:
Figure3: Applications of C Program
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Nadimpalli Satyanarayana Raju Institute of Technology (NSRIT)
TOKENS IN C-PROGRAM:
The smallest individual element of C-language.
Types:
1.keywords
2.operators
3.constants
4.Indentifiers
5.Special Symbols
6.Strings
Keywords :
The keywords are pre-defined or reserved words in a programming language.
auto double int struct
break else long switch
case enum register typedef
char extern return union
const float short unsigned
continue for signed void
default goto sizeof volatile
do if static while
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Nadimpalli Satyanarayana Raju Institute of Technology (NSRIT)
OPERATORS:
• An operator in C can be defined as the symbol that helps us to perform some specific mathematical, relational,
bitwise, conditional, or logical computations on values and variables.
• The values and variables used with operators are called operands.
Figure4: Types of Operators
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Nadimpalli Satyanarayana Raju Institute of Technology (NSRIT)
IDENTIFIERS:
Identifiers are used as the general terminology for the naming of variables, functions, and arrays.
Rules:
They must begin with a letter or underscore(_).
They must consist of only letters, digits, or underscore. No other special character is allowed.
It should not be a keyword.
It must not contain white space.
It should be up to 31 characters long as only the first 31 characters are significant.
SPECIAL SYMBOLS:
Figure5: List of Special Symbols
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Nadimpalli Satyanarayana Raju Institute of Technology (NSRIT)
VARIABLES:
A variable in C is a memory location with some name that helps store some form of data and retrieves it
when required.
SYNTAX:
There are 3 aspects of defining a variable:
• Variable Declaration
• Variable Definition
• Variable Initialization
TYPES:
1. Local Variables
2. Global Variables
3. Static Variables
4. Automatic Variables
5. Extern Variables
6. Register Variables 10
Nadimpalli Satyanarayana Raju Institute of Technology (NSRIT)
DATATYPES:
• Data type is a classification which specifies what type of data a variable holds in a program.
• Each data type requires different amounts of memory and has some specific operations which can be
performed over it.
TYPES:
1. Primary
2. Derived
3. User-defined
Figure6: Types of Data-Types
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Nadimpalli Satyanarayana Raju Institute of Technology (NSRIT)
Figure7: Ranges of Data-Types
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Nadimpalli Satyanarayana Raju Institute of Technology (NSRIT)
DECISION MAKING STATEMENTS:
• Decision-Making Statements and are used to evaluate one or more conditions and make the decision
whether to execute a set of statements or not.
• These decision-making statements in programming languages decide the direction of the flow of
program execution.
Conditional Statements:
1. If Statement
2. If Else statement
3. Nested If Statement
4. Switch Statement
Jump Statements:
1. break
2. Continue
3. Goto
4. return
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Nadimpalli Satyanarayana Raju Institute of Technology (NSRIT)
SYNTAX OF CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS:
Figure8:Conditional Statements
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Nadimpalli Satyanarayana Raju Institute of Technology (NSRIT)
LOOPS:
• Loops in programming are used to repeat a block of code until the specified condition is met.
• A loop statement allows programmers to execute a statement or group of statements multiple times
without repetition of code.
Figure9: Types of Loops in C 15
Nadimpalli Satyanarayana Raju Institute of Technology (NSRIT)
FUNCTIONS:
A Function is a set of statements that when called perform same specific task.
SYNTAX:
The syntax of function can be divided into 3 aspects:
• Function Declaration
• Function Definition
• Function Calls
TYPES:
1. Function with no arguments and no return value
2. Function with no arguments and with return value
3. Function with argument and with no return value
4. Function with arguments and with return value
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Nadimpalli Satyanarayana Raju Institute of Technology (NSRIT)
Figure10: Working of Functions in C
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Nadimpalli Satyanarayana Raju Institute of Technology (NSRIT)
THANK YOU
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