Unit-I,Communication Skills

1. List the different types of verbal communication. Include examples for each
verbal communication type.
Ans. Types of verbal communication:

2. What do you mean by feedback? Let‟s take a scenario. Radha is your co-worker.
Together you are making a report on how to manage the waste in your store. Since
she has not completed her work on time, the whole report has got delayed and the
manager has given you both a warning. Write down the feedback you would like to
give your workers on time management. Try to keep the feedback specific and
polite.
Ans:
Feedback is the final component and one of the most important factors in the
process of communication since it is defined as the response given by the receiver
to the sender.

Feedback to Radha
You are a great asset to the team. You are very professional and focused on your
work. Despite the difficult deadlines for the report on how to manage the waste in
your store, you maintain a positive attitude. You respond to problems without
getting angry or frustrated. Whenever you have free time I see you studying or
looking over someone‟s shoulder trying to troubleshoot a problem. It would benefit
the entire department if you paid more attention to the delivery time.

3. Write down the common communication barriers you may come across when
you move to a new city or country.

Ans. The common communication barriers a person may come across when the
move to a new city or country is:

Physical Barriers: Physical barriers are the environmental and natural conditions
that act as a barrier in communication. For example, text messages are often less
effective than face-to-face communication.

Linguistic Barriers: The inability to communicate using a language is known as

the language barrier to communication. Language barriers are the most common
communication barriers, it leads to misunderstandings and misinterpretations of the
message. For example slang, professional jargon.
Interpersonal Barriers: Barriers to interpersonal communication occur when the
sender‟s message is received differently from how it was intended. It is also very
difficult to communicate with someone who is not willing to talk or express their
feelings and views.

Organisational Barriers: Organisations are designed on the basis of formal

hierarchical
structures that follow performance standards, rules and regulations, procedures,
policies, behavioural norms, etc. Superior-subordinate relationships in a formal
organisational structure can be a barrier to the free flow of communication.

Cultural Barriers: Cultural barriers is when people of different cultures are

unable to understand
each other‟s customs, resulting in inconveniences and difficulties. People
sometimes make stereotypical assumptions about others based on their cultural
background, this leads to a difference in opinions and can be a major barrier to
effective communication.

4. Write two sentences of each type of sentence — statement, question,

exclamatory and order.

Ans. The two sentences of each type of sentence are:

Statement
1) Blue is my favourite colour.
2) The farewell party begins in two hours.

Question
1) Do you want tea or coffee?
2) Is it raining?

Exclamatory
1) This is the best day of my life!
2) Oh, my goodness, we won!

Order
1) Please lower your voice.
2) Respond immediately.
 Self Management Skills
1. Describe stress and stress management in your own words.
Ans. Stress is our emotional, mental, physical and social reaction to any perceived
demands or threats.
For example, you are too close to the exams but feel unprepared.

Stress Management is about making a plan to be able to cope effectively with daily
pressures. You have to make a suitable plan for your daily life routines so that it
would not put hard pressure on you. If you are not able to manage yourself to the
increasing pressure this will led to stress.

Our main goal is to maintain a balance between life, work, relationships, relaxation
and fun. By doing this, you are able to manage stress-related problems in your
daily life.

2. List your favourite stress management technique and elaborate on why you find
it the most effective for you.
Ans. The stress management techniques are:

•Time Management - One of my favourite stress management technique and I

think this is the most important one. If we are able to manage time properly then
there will be no pressure of pending work on us.

• Physical exercise and fresh air - Doing yoga, meditation and deep breathing
exercises help in proper blood circulation and relaxes the body. Which will help to
become more active.

• Healthy diet - Eating a balanced diet, such as Dal, Roti, vegetables and fruits
will give the strength to do daily work efficiently.

• Positivity - Focussing on negative aspects of life will add more stress. Instead,
learn to look at the good things and stay positive. For example, instead of feeling
upset over scoring less in a test, try to maintain a positive attitude and look at ways
to improve the next time.

• Organising academic life - no delaying - By keeping class notes organised,

finishing in assignments on time, and keeping track of all deadlines, stress can be
reduced to a great extent.
•Sleep - A good night‟s sleep for at least 7 hours helps the brain and body get
recharged to function better the next day.

•Holidays with family and friends - Going to a relative‟s place, such as your
grandparents‟ house or a new place during your summer vacations can help to
break from the normal routine and come back afresh.

3. What is Goal Setting?

Ans. Goal setting is a process that helps a person to decide where he wants to go in
life. This will help them to decide where to put their efforts to achieve that goal.
After deciding the goal or aim of life one can easily go through the process of
achieving it. This gives you the motivation to work hard.

4. In SMART goals, what does „S‟ stand for? Explain.

Ans. In SMART goals „S‟ stands for Specific goal. A specific and clear goal
answers six questions. Who is involved in the goal? What do I want to do? Where
do I start? When do I start and finish? Which means do I use? Why am I doing
this? For Example:

Not a specific goal: “I want to become a doctor.”

Specific goal: “I want to become a doctor by studying MBBS after my school gets
over. After getting my MBBS degree I will make a hospital in my village.”

5. What is the best way to work on long-term goals?

Ans. The best way to work on long-term goals is:

Part-1 Develop a long-term goal

• Ask yourself where you‟d like to see yourself in the next few years.
• Build a goal from your board ideas.
• Write out a specific goal.
• Separate short and long-term goals.
• Assess your goal to make sure it‟s manageable.

Part-2 Achieving your Long-Term Goal

• Commit to one long-term goal at a time.
• Break your goal into sub-goals.
• Set up a timetable for your goal and sub-goals.
• Work on your self-discipline.
• Develop habits that aid in accomplishing your goal.
• Review your progress regularly.
• Identify obstacles you might encounter.

Part-3 Staying Motivated for Long-Term Goals

• Take breaks regularly.
• Try to make your goal fun.
Celebrate your successes

6. What is time management and how can you manage your time?

Ans. Time management is the ability to plan and control how you spend the hours
of your day well and do all that you want to do.

The steps for effectively managing time are:

Step-1 Organise
• We plan our day-to-day activities.
• We make a timetable that we follow.
• We keep our surroundings and study table clean.
• We put things back where they belong.
• It helps us save time!

Step-2 Prioritise
• We make a to-do list that has all our activities and we rank them in the order of
importance. For example, you may rank doing homework as the most important
task. It helps us to get the most important task done first and also to track what is
pending.

Step-3 Control
• We have control over our activities and time.
• We avoid time-wasters like chatting on the phone, surfing gossip sites, etc., and
focus on more important things.

Step-4 Track
• We identify and note where we have spent our time. This will help us analyse if
we have used our time effectively or not. It also helps us to identify time-wasting
activities.

7. How can tracking your time help you?

Ans. Tracking your time helps you gain perspective on your life, so you can
determine whether the way you spend your time is true to your priorities and
what‟s important to you. By tracking your time you can

• See how many hours you actually work.

• Can separate from the stories you tell yourself.
• Discover what your priorities actually are.
• Time feels richer.

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 Basic ICT Skills
1. What is the function of the ENTER key?

Ans. The label on this key can be either ENTER or RETURN, depending on the
brand of the computer. The ENTER or the RETURN key is used to move the
cursor to the beginning of a new line. In some programs, it is used to confirm the
work which is being done.

2. How will you prevent others from using your computer?

Ans. To prevent computers from being used by unauthorized persons it must be
locked when the users are not working on it. This will ensure that no unauthorised
person can see or make changes to our information without taking our permission.
To make sure the computer is locked, the login IDs and passwords must be created.
A login ID and password is like a key to the lock which allows the user to use the
computer only if the entered login ID and password match with the computer
database. Once finished the work, the user must log out or sign out so that no one
else can see the work.

3. How is a computer file system similar to our physical file system in a

school?
Ans. In any school, each teacher has a separate cabinet where they keep the files of
different students or classes on separate shelves. Similarly, information on a
computer is stored in electronic files, which can be put into separate folders. It is
easier to manage the electronic files as they can be simply copied, moved, renamed
or even deleted.

4. What are the steps you will perform to save a text file in Ubuntu? Ans. The
steps to save a text file in Ubuntu are:

1) Click on the Save button.

2) The Save As dialogue box appears.
3) Browse to the Desktop folder, where you want to save a file.
4) Type the name of the file.
5) Click on Save.
5. Explain how to clean a computer on a daily basis. Ans. The ways to clean a
computer on a daily basis are:
Ans :
(i) Keyboard: Clean a keyboard with a soft brush to remove crumbs and dust
particles.

(ii) Screen: Wipe the screen with a soft cloth to remove any finger marks.

(iii) Be careful with food and drinks: Avoid eating and keeping glasses of water
or cups of coffee near a computer.

(iv) Handle devices carefully: Handle and move your laptop carefully and avoid
dropping or banging it against a hard surface.

(v) Keep the computer cool: If a computer, laptop or mobile device gets
overheated, the internal parts can be damaged. The CPU has an internal fan to keep
it cool. We should make sure the fan is functioning. Avoid leaving a device in the
sun or in a closed car. We should be careful when using a laptop while sitting in
bed and make sure that the fan is not covered.

(vi) Do not overcharge your battery: Sometimes we keep a device plugged in for
charging even after it is fully charged. If we leave the device plugged in for a long
time, it can overheat the battery. This reduces the battery life. Always unplug the
device once it is charged 100%.

(vii) Always plug in devices carefully: Any device being connected to a laptop or
computer such as a USB drive or headphones, should be done gently. It should not
be forced into the port. If you find it difficult to plug in a device, change the
direction and try instead of trying to force it in.

(viii) Do not run too many programs at a time: When too many programs are
running at the same time, the computer can become slow and even crash. If a
program/app is not being used, it should be closed so that other programs can work
smoothly.

6. How can you increase the performance of a computer?

Ans. The ways to increase the performance of a computer are:
1) Uninstall unnecessary software
2) Limit the programs at the startup
3) add more RAM to your PC
4) Check for spyware and viruses
5) Use Disk Cleanup and defragmentation
6) Consider a startup SSD

7. Explain how the Trojan Horse virus works.

Ans. A Trojan horse, or Trojan, is a type of malicious code or software that looks
legitimate but can take control of your computer. It is designed to harm your
computer without knowing you. It can steal the data, manage or change the data by
itself. This will harm your computer or network.

8. List the various ways you can use to protect your data.
Ans. The various ways to protect our data from theft and viruses are:
(a) Use passwords to log in to your computer: Use passwords that are difficult to
guess. Passwords are difficult to hack if they are a mix of small (For example „a b
c d‟) and capital letters (For example, „H J E R‟), numbers (For example „8 7 6 5‟)
and special characters (For example, ‟% ^ # $‟). This would prevent unauthorised
people from using your computer.
(b) Install Anti-virus and Firewall: Anti-viruses and Firewalls monitor the data
coming in and out of a computer and prevent viruses from entering. Anti-viruses
can also detect and clean viruses that may have entered a computer.
(c) Encrypt Data: This is usually done by banks and companies in which
important customer information is stored. They can encrypt their entire hard disk
using the encryption feature in Windows (Bitlocker). This would force users to use
a decryption password (or key) before starting the computer thus preventing
unauthorised usage.
(d) Secure sites: Give details of your credit card or bank account only on secure
sites. See in the address bar of the browser. If the site address starts with [Link]
a lock symbol, then it is safe to give your credit card and bank details.

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