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Class 10 Science Chapter 1 covers chemical reactions and equations, defining a chemical reaction as the transformation of reactants into products with distinct properties. It outlines key characteristics of chemical reactions, types of reactions, and principles like the Law of Conservation of Mass. Additionally, it discusses corrosion and rancidity, providing examples and practice questions for better understanding.

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43 views3 pages

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Class 10 Science Chapter 1 covers chemical reactions and equations, defining a chemical reaction as the transformation of reactants into products with distinct properties. It outlines key characteristics of chemical reactions, types of reactions, and principles like the Law of Conservation of Mass. Additionally, it discusses corrosion and rancidity, providing examples and practice questions for better understanding.

Uploaded by

agrawaltanu2009
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Alright — here’s Class 10 Science Chapter 1: Chemical Reactions and Equations in a neat,

exam-oriented note format right here in chat.

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Class 10 Science – Chapter 1: Chemical Reactions and Equations

1. Introduction

A chemical reaction is a process in which one or more substances (reactants) change into
one or more new substances (products) with different properties.

Example:
Mg + O2 → MgO

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2. Characteristics of Chemical Reactions

1. Change in state (solid, liquid, gas)

2. Change in colour

3. Evolution of gas

4. Change in temperature (heat absorbed/released)

5. Formation of precipitate

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3. Chemical Equations

Representation of a chemical reaction using symbols and formulae.

Example: Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2


Balanced Equation: Equal number of atoms of each element on both sides.
Unbalanced Equation: Atom count is not equal on both sides.

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4. Law of Conservation of Mass

Mass can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.

Total mass of reactants = Total mass of products.

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5. Types of Chemical Reactions

1. Combination Reaction: Two or more reactants combine to form one product.


Example: CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2

2. Decomposition Reaction: One reactant breaks into two or more products.


Example: 2HgO → 2Hg + O2

3. Displacement Reaction: A more reactive element displaces a less reactive one.


Example: Zn + CuSO4 → ZnSO4 + Cu

4. Double Displacement Reaction: Exchange of ions between two compounds.


Example: Na2SO4 + BaCl2 → BaSO4 + 2NaCl

5. Redox Reaction: Oxidation and reduction occur simultaneously.

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6. Corrosion

Slow destruction of metals due to reaction with air, moisture, etc.

Example: Rusting of iron → Fe2O3·xH2O


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7. Rancidity

Oxidation of fats and oils leading to a foul smell and taste in food.

Prevention: Store in airtight containers, keep away from light, use antioxidants.

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8. Important Equations

1. Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2

2. 2KClO3 → 2KCl + 3O2

3. Fe + CuSO4 → FeSO4 + Cu

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9. Practice Questions

1. Write the balanced chemical equation for aluminium reacting with hydrochloric acid.

2. State two observations when iron nails are dipped in copper sulphate solution.

3. Define corrosion and rancidity with examples.

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