LESSON -02
ಸ ಪಚಯ
SELF – INTRODUCTION
Objectives:
• This lesson introduces basic human pronouns like ಅವನು (avanu) for "he" and ಅವಳು
(avaLu) for "she." with their counterparts, ಇವನು (ivanu) and ಇವಳು (ivaLu). These
additional forms may seem similar at first glance, but they serve an important function in
Kannada — indicating proximity and remoteness.
• .ಅವರು and ಇವರು are used as polite alternatives to refer to one person with respect,
regardless of gender.
• How Kannada expresses the concept of ‘’that’’ ‘this ’and "it" in English. In Kannada, we
use two terms: ಅದು (adu) and ಇದು (idu) to represent ’that’’ ‘this ’and "it" neuter
expressions. These are gender-neutral and specifically used to refer to objects, animals,
or non-human entities. Kannada provides two distinct forms for proximity and
remoteness to neuter pronouns .
• ಅವ (avu) and ಇವ (ivu). These forms help us to refer to multiple objects, animals, or
entities and maintain the distinction of proximity and remoteness that is characteristic of
the Kannada language.
• For now, we’ve focused on singular forms, but in later classes, we will go deeper into the
multiples and more in Kannada..
• In Kannada the genitive or possessive marker -ಅ ಅ (a) is added to pronouns to convey
ಅ (a) to a pronoun.
possession that something belongs to someone, we add the suffix -ಅ
This changes the pronoun and helps to indicate possession
ಾ : ನಮ ಾ ರ ೕಡಂ vidyārthi: namaskāra mēḍaṁ Namaskaara madam
ಅಾಪ : ನಮ ಾ ರ ೕವ ಾರು ? adhyāpaki: namaskāra nīvu Namaskaara who are you
yāru? (hon.)?
ಾ : ಾನು ಮಲಾಳಂ ಾ vidyārthi: nānu malayāḷaṁ Student : I am Malayalam
vidyārthini student (female)
ಅಾಪ : ನ ೆಸರು ಏನು ? adhyāpaki: ninna hesaru ēnu? Teacher: What is your name?
ಾ : ನನ ೆಸರು ಮಲ vidyārthi: nanna hesaru vimala Student: My name is Vimala
ಅಾಪ : ಇವರು ಎಲ$ ಾರು ? adhyāpaki: ivaru ella yāru? Teacher: Who are all these?
ಾ : ಅವರು ಕನ ಡ ಾ vidyārthi: avaru kannaḍa Student: He is Kannada
vidyārthi avara hesaru sundar student
ಅವರ ೆಸರು ಸುಂದ'
ivaru tamiḷu vidyārthi His name is Sundar
ಇವರು ತ)ಳ* ಾ ivara hesaru rāju He is Tamil student
ಇವರ ೆಸರು +ಾಜು His name is Raju
ಅಾಪ : ಾರ ೆಸರು ಸುಂದ'? adhyāpaki: yāra hesaru sundar? Teacher: Whose name is
yāra hesaru rāju ? Sundar? Whose name is Raju?
ಾರ ೆಸರು +ಾಜು?
ಾ : ಇವನ ೆಸರು +ಾಜು vidyārthi: ivana hesaru rāju Student: His name is Raju
avana hesaru sundar His name is Sundar
ಅವನ ೆಸರು ಸುಂದ'
nimma hesaru ēnu what is your name ma'am
ಮ- ೆಸರು ಏನು?
ಅಾಪ : ನನ ೆಸರು ಜಯಲ/0 adhyāpaki: nanna hesaru Teacher: My name is
vijayalakṣmi Vijayalakshmi
ಾನು ಕನ ಡ ಅಾಪ
nānu kannaḍa adhyāpaki I am Kannada teacher (female)
ಾ : ಇವರು ಾರು ೕಡಂ ? vidyārthi: ivaru yāru mēḍaṁ Student: Who is he madam?
ಅಾಪ : ಇವರು ಕನ ಡ ಅಾಪಕ. ಇವರ adhyāpaki: Ivaru kannaḍa Teacher: He is Kannada
adhyāpaka ivara hesaru teacher (male). His name is
ೆಸರು 12ೕ3ಾಸ
śrīnivāsa Srinivas
1. Words for "It" ” That” "This””
o ಅದು (adu) means "it/that," for something far away (remote).
o ಇದು (idu) means "it/this," for something nearby (proximate).
2. Words for "These/Those" (Plural Forms):
o ಅವ (avu) means "those," referring to multiple objects or animals far away
(remote).
o ಇವ (ivu) means "these," referring to multiple objects or animals nearby
(proximate).
o ಇದು ನಮ ಮ (idu namma mane) – This is our house.
o ಇದು ಹಣು ( idu haNNu) – This is a fruit
o ಅದು ನ ಪಸಕ (adu ninna pustaka) – That is your book
ಅದು ಹೂ (adu huu) - that is a flower
o .ಅದು
o ಅವ ಹಣುಗಳು (avu haNNugaLu) – Those are fruits.
o ಇವ ಹೂಗಳು (ivu huugaLu) – These are flowers.
These forms will be further discussed in the forth coming lessons
VOCABULARY
ಅವರ - his/ her/their
ಇವರ ಎಾ- they all
ಏನು - what
ನನ - my
ಮ - your
ಾರ - whose
ಸರು – Name
ಇವನು - He - proximate
ಇವಳು – she - proximate
ಇವರು – he/she/they - proximate
ಅದು - that/it remote
ಇದು – this/it proximate
ಮ - house
ಹೂ - flower
ಪಸಕ - Book
ಾ - vehicle
ಾ- school
ೕಜು- Table
ಕು - chair
ಾ - Dog
ಕು! - Cat
GRAMMAR NOTES
Noun+ Noun sentences introduced in the previous lesson are expanded by the addition of
Remote and proximate forms along with addition of genitive case ( Possessive) form of the
pronoun.
The genitive / Possessive case marker in Kannada is - a. Note the change in the following
pronouns when the above suffix is added.
Ex: ಾನು + ಅ = ನನ
ಾವ + ಅ = ನಮ
ೕನು + ಅ =ನ
ೕವ + ಅ = ಮ
ಅವನು + ಅ = ಅವನ
ಅವಳು + ಅ = ಅವಳ
ಅವರು + ಅ = ಅವರ
ಇವನು+ ಅ = ಇವನ
ಇವಳು + ಅ = ಇವಳ
ಇವರು + ಅ = ಇವರ
ಾರು + ಅ = ಾರ
Pronoun Meaning ಅ (Possessive) Meaning (Possessive)
With -ಅ
ಾನು I ನನ (nanna) My
ಾವ We ನಮ (namma) Our
ೕನು You (informal) ನ (ninna) Your
ೕವ You (formal/plural) ಮ (nimma) Your (formal/plural)
ಅವನು He ಅವನ (avana) His
ಅವಳು She ಅವಳ (avaLa) Her
ಅವರು He/She/They (honorific) ಅವರ (avara) Their (far honorific)
Pronoun Meaning ಅ (Possessive) Meaning (Possessive)
With -ಅ
ಇವನು he ಇವನ (ivana) His (near)
ಇವಳು she ಇವಳ (ivaLa) Her (near)
ಇವರು He/She/They, (honorific) ಇವರ (ivara) Their (near, honorific)
ಾರು Who ಾರ (yāra) Whose
Look at this chart:
Singular Plural
Near ಇದು (idu) ಇವ (ivu)
Far ಅದು (adu) ಅವ (avu)
Dr. Vijaylakshmi A Patil
Resource Person in Kannada
SRLC, CIIL, Mysuru
Dr. Srinivasa
Resource Person in Kannada
SRLC, CIIL, Mysuru
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