A

report on

SUMMER INTERNSHIP -II

PYTHON FULL STACK DEVELOPER VIRTUAL INTERNSHIP

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in

Electrical and Electronics Engineering

by

S.HARSHA VARDHAN 224G1A0235

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

2025-2026
 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Certificate
This is to certify that the internship report entitled Python Full Stack Developer
Virtual Internship is the Bonafide work carried out by S.HARSHA VARDHAN Roll
Number 224G1A0235 in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the
degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electrical and Electronics Engineering during
the period from April 2025 to June 2025

Internship Coordinator Head of the Department

Mr. Y. Sathish Kumar M.Tech Dr. G. Meerimatha M.Tech, Ph.D

Assistant Professor Associate Professor & Head

Date: EXTERNAL EXAMINER

Place: Ananthapuram
 PREFACE

Overview of the Company’s History:

 The concept of data science gained prominence in the 21st century as businesses sought to leverage
vast amounts of data for strategic decision-making.
 R, a programming language and environment for statistical computing and graphics, was developed
in the 1990s and became a cornerstone of academic and corporate data analysis.
 The R Data Science & Machine Learning Virtual Bootcamp was established in the 2010s to address
the growing need for skilled data scientists, offering a practical pathway to mastering data
manipulation, statistical modeling, and machine learning algorithms.

Company’s Mission:

To empower aspiring data professionals with the analytical and technical skills required to excel in
the data-driven world. The mission is to provide an immersive, project-based learning experience
that translates complex theory into practical application, preparing participants for a successful
career as data scientists or analysts.

Business Activities:

 Data Wrangling & Exploration: Teaching participants to clean, transform, and visualize data using
R packages like dplyr and ggplot2.
 Statistical Modeling: Developing skills in building and interpreting linear and logistic regression
models, as well as time-series analysis.
 Machine Learning: Implementing supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms, including
decision trees, random forests, and clustering.
 Reporting & Communication: Creating compelling reports and presentations using R Markdown to
effectively communicate findings and insights.
 Capstone Projects: Applying learned skills to solve real-world problems, such as predicting
customer churn, classifying sentiment, or forecasting sales.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction and euphoria that accompany the successful completion of any
task would be incomplete without the mention of people who made it possible, whose
constant guidance and encouragement crowned our efforts with success. It is a pleasant
aspect that I have now the opportunity to express my gratitude for all of them.

It is with immense pleasure that I would like to express my indebted gratitude

to my internship coordinator Mr. Y. Sathish KumarM.Tech, Assistant Professor,
Electrical and Electronics Engineering, who has supported me a lot and encouraged
me in every step of the internship work. I thank him for the stimulating support, constant
encouragement and constructive criticism which have made possible to bring out this
internship work.

I am very much thankful to Dr. G. MeerimathaM.Tech,Ph.D, Associate Professor &

Head, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, for her kind support and for providing
necessary facilities to carry out the work.

I wish to convey my special thanks to Dr. G. Bala KrishnaM.Tech,Ph.D, Principal

of Srinivasa Ramanujan Institute of Technology for giving the required information
in doing my internship. Not to forget, I thank all other faculty and non-teaching staff,
and my friends who had directly or indirectly helped and supported me in completing
my project in time.

I also express our sincere thanks to the Management for providing excellent
facilities and support.

Finally, I wish to convey my gratitude to my family who fostered all the

requirements and facilities that I need.
S.HARSHA VARDHAN
224G1A0235
Contents Page No

List of Figures v

List of Abbreviations vi

Chapter 1 : Introduction to HTML 1

Chapter 2 : CSS and Bootstrap 4

Chapter 3 : Fundamentals of JavaScript 8

Chapter 4 : AJAX and Jquery 12

Chapter 5 : Python 15

Chapter 6 : The Django Framework 20

Chapter 7 : MySQL and Database Management 25

Chapter 8 : Version Control and GitHub 28

Conclusion 31

Internship Certificate 32

References 33

iv
 List of Figures

Fig. No Description Page No

1.1 HTML Logo 2

1.2 HTML Basics 3

2.1 CSS Styling 5

2.2 Bootstrap 7
3.1 JS Logic 9
3.2 Java Script 10
4.1 Ajax with JQuery 12
4.2 Tech Stack 14
5.1 Python Core 16
5.2 OOP Principles 19
6.1 Python, Django 23
6.2 Flow Chart 24
7 SQL 27
8 GITHUB Flow 30

v
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

1. HTML – Hyper Text Markup Language

2. CSS - Cascading Style Sheets

3. JS - JavaScript

4. AJAX - Asynchronous JavaScript and XML

5. OOP - Object-Oriented Programming

6. CRUD - Create, Read, Update, Delete

7. ORM - Object-Relational Mapper

8. MVT - Model-View-Template

9. GIT - Global Information Tracker (originally)

10. PIP - Package Installer for Python

vi
 Python Full Stack Developer virtual Internship

CHAPTER 1
Introduction To HTML
1. What is HTML?

HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) is the standard markup language used to create and
structure content on the web. It was invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1991 and has since
become the foundation of all websites. HTML allows web browsers to interpret and display
content such as text, images, links, videos, and other multimedia elements.
Unlike programming languages, HTML doesn't perform logic or calculations. Instead, it defines
the structure and layout of web content using tags. Modern HTML (HTML5) offers enhanced
multimedia support, semantic elements, and mobile compatibility.

2. Key Features of HTML

 Cross-Platform Support: HTML files are supported by all modern browsers across different
operating systems.
 Multimedia Integration: Allows embedding of videos, audio, and images directly into web
pages.
 Readability: HTML is human-readable, making it accessible to beginners and professionals
alike.
 Combines with CSS and JavaScript: HTML provides structure, while CSS handles styling
and JavaScript enables dynamic behaviour.
 Semantic Elements: Introduces meaningful tags such as <section>, <article>, and <nav> for
improved readability and SEO.

3. The Trinity of Web Development

HTML works alongside CSS and JavaScript:

 HTML: Provides the structural skeleton of a webpage.
 CSS: Applies visual styles like colors, spacing, fonts, and layout.
 JavaScript: Adds interactivity like forms, animations, and dynamic updates.

4. Setting Up Your Environment

To begin using HTML, you need:
 A Code Editor: Visual Studio Code (VS Code) is widely recommended due to its ease of use
and useful extensions.
 A Browser: Use Google Chrome, Firefox, or Edge to view and test your pages.
 Live Server Extension: Enables automatic reloading of pages as you write HTML.
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Page 1 of 33
 Python Full Stack Developer virtual Internship

5. Basic Structure of an HTML Page

An HTML document is made up of nested elements that define the page’s layout. It typically
begins with a doctype declaration, followed by <html>, <head>, and <body> sections.
 The head section contains metadata, the page title, and references to external files (like
stylesheets).
 The body section contains everything users see: headings, paragraphs, lists, images, links, and
more.

6. Common HTML Tags and Their Roles

 Headings (<h1> through <h6>) help organize content by importance.
 Paragraphs structure blocks of text in a readable manner.
 Emphasis tags like <strong> and <em> highlight or italicize key terms.
 Lists allow grouping of items in either bullet (unordered) or numbered (ordered) format.
 Line Breaks are used for spacing or separating content without starting a new paragraph.

7. Hyperlinks and Multimedia Content

HTML enables content to connect and become interactive:
 Hyperlinks: Redirect users to other pages or websites.
 Images: Help break up text and make pages visually appealing.
 Video and Audio: Modern HTML5 supports native playback of multimedia files.
 Clickable Media: Images and text can be turned into interactive buttons or links.

8. Visual Communication in Web Pages

Multimedia enriches the user experience. For example:

 Images explain concepts visually.

 Videos demonstrate products or tutorials.
 Icons enhance navigation and accessibility.

Fig 1.1

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Page 2 of 33

 Python Full Stack Developer virtual Internship

9. Forms: Capturing User Data

Forms play a vital role in user interaction and data collection.

 Input Fields: Collect user information like name, email, or passwords.

 Text Areas: Useful for feedback, messages, or comments.
 Radio Buttons and Checkboxes: Let users select options.
 Dropdown Menus: Provide multiple choices in a compact layout.
 Buttons: Submit the form to the server or perform a function on the page.

10. Tables: Organizing Structured Data

HTML tables are used to display data clearly:

 Rows and Columns: Help organize text or numbers.
 Headers: Describe the meaning of each column.
 Merged Cells: Used to group data across rows or columns.
Common use cases for tables include timetables, product listings, price charts, and comparison
matrices.

Fig 1.2

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Page 3 of 33

 Python Full Stack Developer virtual Internship

CHAPTER 2
CSS and Bootstrap

1.Introduction to CSS

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is one of the fundamental technologies of the web, complementing
HTML. While HTML defines the content and structure of a webpage, CSS is responsible for the
presentation and aesthetics. CSS enables web developers to control aspects such as layout, colors,
spacing, typography, and more. This separation of structure and style allows for more efficient
updates and better maintenance of web pages.

Using CSS, developers can ensure consistent designs across different pages and devices. It
promotes reusability and helps websites become more accessible, readable, and visually
appealing.

1. The CSS Box Model

The CSS Box Model is a conceptual framework that outlines how every HTML element is
rendered in terms of layout and spacing. It consists of four parts:

 Content: The core element such as text, image, or video.

 Padding: The internal spacing between content and the border.
 Border: A visual outline surrounding the padding and content.
 Margin: External spacing that separates the element from others.

Understanding the box model is essential for layout design because each element’s total area
depends on the sum of these parts. Proper manipulation of padding, borders, and margins ensures
that web elements align and space correctly within a design.

2. Styling Properties: Borders, Colors, and Fonts

CSS provides a rich collection of properties to style HTML elements:

 Borders: Developers can define thickness, color, and style of borders. Rounded corners add a
modern touch.
 Colors: Text and background colors can be applied using names, hex codes, or RGB values.
This enhances readability and visual hierarchy.
 Fonts: CSS allows customization of font family, size, weight (boldness), and style (italic,
oblique). Consistent typography improves user experience and branding.
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Page 4 of 33
 Python Full Stack Developer virtual Internship

3. Layout with Display and Positioning

The display property governs how elements are displayed:

 Block elements occupy full width (e.g., paragraphs, headings).

 Inline elements appear within a line (e.g., links, images).

For advanced control, the position property determines an element’s placement:

 Static: Default layout flow.

 Relative: Adjusts position based on its original spot.

 Absolute: Places the element relative to a parent container.

 Fixed: Anchors the element to a spot on the screen.

 Sticky: Switches between relative and fixed, based on scroll.

Fig 2.1

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Page 5 of 33

 Python Full Stack Developer virtual Internship

The Power of Bootstrap for Rapid Development

1. What is Bootstrap?

Bootstrap is a free and open-source front-end framework that simplifies web development
through a collection of reusable design components. Built on a “mobile-first” philosophy,
Bootstrap ensures that websites are responsive, working seamlessly across all device sizes.

Bootstrap saves development time by providing pre-designed templates and styles for
buttons, forms, images, navigation bars, and more. It also includes optional JavaScript
plugins that enhance user interaction without requiring custom scripting.

2. The Bootstrap Grid System

One of Bootstrap’s defining features is its 12-column grid system, which creates responsive
layouts effortlessly:

 Containers serve as the outer wrappers for layout elements.

 Rows group columns and maintain horizontal alignment.
 Columns divide rows into sections that adjust based on screen size.

Using combinations of grid classes, developers can control how content is displayed on
mobile, tablet, and desktop devices. This grid structure is vital for achieving balance and
responsiveness in design.

3. Essential Bootstrap Components

Bootstrap comes with a wide range of UI elements, styled using utility classes:

 Contextual Colors provide immediate visual feedback using predefined colors for
success, danger, warning, and more.

 Tables are enhanced with clean layouts, striped rows, and borders for better
readability.

 Images can be rounded or displayed as thumbnails, and are responsive by default.

 Buttons come in various colors and sizes, matching the theme and enhancing
interactivity.

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Page 6 of 33

 Python Full Stack Developer virtual Internship

Advanced Bootstrap Features

1. Interactive Components and Plugins

Bootstrap includes JavaScript-powered elements that add dynamic behavior:
 Progress Bars show completion levels of tasks.
 Dropdown Menus simplify navigation and content organization.
 Collapsible Content helps manage large volumes of text in sections like FAQs or
accordions.
 Carousels provide rotating banners or image sliders, complete with navigation controls.

These interactive tools elevate a static site into a dynamic user experience.

2. Navigation Bars (Navbar)

The navbar is a responsive header component that organizes links, logos, and menus. It adapts
across screen sizes:
 It collapses into a mobile-friendly toggle (hamburger menu).
 It can contain forms, buttons, and dropdown menus.
 It supports fixed positioning for persistent navigation.

Bootstrap navbars are customizable and improve site usability significantly.

3. Advantages of Using Bootstrap

 Consistency: Uniform appearance across browsers and devices.

 Responsiveness: Designs adapt automatically to screen size.
 Efficiency: Fast development with reusable components.
 Community Support: Strong documentation and a large developer community for learning
and troubleshooting.

Fig 2.2

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Page 7 of 33

 Python Full Stack Developer virtual Internship

CHAPTER 3

Fundamentals of JavaScript

1. What is JavaScript?
JavaScript (JS) is a dynamic, high-level programming language that powers the behavior and
interactivity of websites. Unlike HTML and CSS, which handle structure and styling,
JavaScript allows developers to manipulate page content, respond to user actions, and update
data in real-time—all within the browser. It is the cornerstone of front-end development and
also supports server-side applications through environments like Node.js.

Key Characteristics of JavaScript:

 Interpreted Language: JavaScript code is executed line-by-line in the browser.
 Weakly Typed: Variables can hold different types of values at different times.
 Object-Based: JavaScript makes extensive use of objects to model and manipulate data.
 Case Sensitive: Variable names are case-sensitive (e.g., total and Total are different).
 Event-Driven: JavaScript can react to user events such as clicks, hovers, and form inputs.

2. History and Evolution

JavaScript was created by Brendan Eich in 1995 during his time at Netscape. Originally
called Mocha, then LiveScript, it was renamed JavaScript to reflect the trendiness of Java,
despite being unrelated. Over the years, the language has been standardized by the ECMA
International organization as ECMAScript.

Major updates such as ES6 (2015) brought powerful features like classes, arrow functions,
and promises, making JavaScript more modern and capable.

3. Real-World Applications of JavaScript

JavaScript plays a critical role in building modern web applications. Its use cases include:

 Form validation and dynamic user feedback

 Creating interactive elements like sliders and modals
 Fetching and displaying real-time data using APIs
 Building single-page applications (SPAs)
 Powering mobile apps via frameworks like React Native.

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Page 8 of 33

 Python Full Stack Developer virtual Internship

Control Structures and Functions in JavaScript

Fig-3.1

4. Control Structures in JavaScript

JavaScript enables decision-making and iteration using control structures:

 Conditional Statements:
o if, else if, and else allow branching logic based on conditions.

 Loops:
o for, while, and do...while loops repeatedly execute blocks of code based on specified
conditions.
These structures are vital in handling logic, automation, and repeated actions within a program.

5. Functions in JavaScript

Functions are reusable blocks of code that allow for modularity and cleaner syntax. They can accept
parameters, perform operations, and return values. Functions can be declared traditionally, assigned
to variables, or expressed as arrow functions in ES6.

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Page 9 of 33

 Python Full Stack Developer virtual Internship

Sample Function Example:

function calculateSum(a, b) {
return a + b;
}
let result = calculateSum(5, 3);
console.log(result);

// Output: 8

This function takes two arguments and returns their sum. Functions like this are used to encapsulate
logic, enabling code reuse across the application.
.

Fig 3.2

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Page 10 of 33

 Python Full Stack Developer virtual Internship

Advanced Features and Modern JavaScript

6. Arrays in JavaScript

Arrays are used to store multiple values in a single variable. They allow developers to loop through
items, perform transformations, and manage collections of data efficiently. Common array methods
include .push(), .pop(), .map(), and .filter().

7. Asynchronous JavaScript

Modern applications often require non-blocking behavior, especially when fetching data from
servers. JavaScript supports asynchronous programming using:

 Promises: Handle asynchronous operations with .then() and .catch().

 async/await: A cleaner syntax to write asynchronous code that looks synchronous.

8. Error Handling

JavaScript offers structured error handling through:

 try...catch: Executes code and catches exceptions

 finally: Executes code regardless of the outcome

 throw: Creates custom error messages

9. ES6 and Beyond

ECMAScript 2015 (ES6) brought numerous enhancements:

 let/const: Block-scoped variables

 Arrow Functions: Simplified syntax for writing functions.
 Template Literals: Multi-line strings with embedded expressions.
 Classes: Cleaner, class-based syntax for creating objects.

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Page 11 of 33

 Python Full Stack Developer virtual Internship

CHAPTER 4

AJAX and JQuery

1. What is AJAX?

AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) is a web development technique that enables
asynchronous data exchange between a web browser and a server. It allows portions of a webpage
to update without requiring a full page reload, resulting in faster interactions and a more seamless
user experience.

While XML was originally used for data exchange, modern AJAX applications typically use JSON
due to its simplicity and compatibility with JavaScript. The key advantage of AJAX is its ability
to provide real-time data communication behind the scenes.

2. The Role of jQuery in AJAX

jQuery simplifies JavaScript programming by offering an easy-to-use syntax and cross-browser

compatibility. One of jQuery’s most useful capabilities is its AJAX functions, which wrap
traditional XMLHttpRequest calls in simpler syntax. The $.ajax() method is the most flexible
among them, allowing developers to customize every aspect of the request and response process.

3. Why Use jQuery for AJAX?

 Ease of Use: Less boilerplate code compared to native JavaScript.

 Cross-Browser Support: Smooth handling of browser differences.

 Readable Syntax: Simplifies complex tasks like error handling and asynchronous requests.

 Chainable Functions: jQuery lets you combine actions cleanly and efficiently

Fig 4.1

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Page 12 of 33

 Python Full Stack Developer virtual Internship

AJAX Configuration and Example Code

4. Configuring an AJAX Request with jQuery

The $.ajax() method allows developers to send HTTP requests using JavaScript. It accepts two
parameters: the URL and a configuration object containing various settings.

Common Configuration Options:

 url: URL of the server/resource (required).

 type: HTTP method (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE).
 data: Data to send (string or object).
 dataType: Expected data format from the server (e.g., "json", "html").
 success: Callback if the request succeeds.
 error: Callback if the request fails.
 complete: Runs regardless of success or error.

Code Example: Posting Data to a Server

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Submit Form via AJAX</title>
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<h2>AJAX Form Submission</h2>
<input type="text" id="username" placeholder="Enter name">
<button id="submitBtn">Submit</button>
<p id="response"></p>

<script>
$("#submitBtn").click(function () {
var name = $("#username").val();
$.ajax({
url: "submit.php",
type: "POST",
data: { username: name },
success: function (response) {
$("#response").text("Server says: " + response);
},
error: function () {
$("#response").text("Failed to reach server.");
}
});
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Page 13 of 33
 Python Full Stack Developer virtual Internship

AJAX is essential in modern web applications for improving responsiveness and reducing load
times. Common use cases include:
 Auto-Suggestions in Search Bars: Like Google’s real-time search hints.
 Form Validation Without Reloads: Display errors or success messages dynamically.
 Live Chat Applications: Sending and receiving messages without refreshing.
 Content Loading: Loading new content such as comments or images on demand.

5. Handling Errors in AJAX

Error management is vital to delivering a smooth user experience. jQuery's error callback helps
catch failed requests and inform users.
Javascript :-
error: function (xhr, status, error) {
console.log("Error: " + error);
alert("Something went wrong. Please try again.");
}
You can also use HTTP status codes (xhr.status) to take specific actions for 404, 500, or timeout
errors.

6. Security Considerations

 Cross-Origin Requests: Use CORS headers if accessing APIs from different domains.
 Data Sanitization: Prevent XSS or injection attacks by validating user inputs on both client
and server sides.
 HTTPS Protocol: Always prefer secure protocols when sending or receiving data.

Fig 4.2

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Page 14 of 33

 Python Full Stack Developer virtual Internship

CHAPTER 5

Python

1. Introduction to Python.
Python is a powerful, high-level programming language developed by Guido van Rossum and
released in 1991. Designed with readability and simplicity in mind, it allows developers to
express concepts in fewer lines of code than other programming languages. Its intuitive syntax
and broad applicability have made it one of the most widely used languages globally.

2. Why Python Is Popular

 Ease of Learning: Its clear syntax makes it an excellent language for beginners.

 Versatility: Used in web development, data science, automation, artificial intelligence, and
more.

 Strong Community and Libraries: Offers vast third-party libraries and frameworks that
accelerate development.

 Cross-Platform: Works on Windows, Linux, macOS, and more without major code changes.

 Readable and Maintainable: Code that resembles plain English, supporting rapid prototyping
and easy debugging.

3. Python in Real-World Applications

 Web Development: Frameworks like Django and Flask.

 Data Science: Libraries such as Pandas, NumPy, and Matplotlib.

 Machine Learning & AI: Widely used in TensorFlow, Keras, Scikit-learn.

 Automation: Scripts to handle repetitive tasks and system processes.

 Game Development, Education, IoT, and more.

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Page 15 of 33

 Python Full Stack Developer virtual Internship

Fig-5.1

Variables, Data Types, and Structures

4. Python Syntax Overview

 Indentation is mandatory and defines code blocks, replacing braces used in other languages.
 Variables are dynamically typed and do not require explicit declarations.

5. Core Data Types

 Text: str

 Numbers: int, float, complex

 Boolean: bool (True/False)

 Collections: list, tuple, set, dict

 Special Types: NoneType for null values.

6. Python Collections in Use

 Lists: Mutable sequences used to store multiple values.

 Tuples: Immutable and used for fixed data structures.

 Dictionaries: Store key-value pairs, highly useful in JSON-like data handling.

 Sets: Unique elements, useful in filtering duplicates and performing set operations.

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Page 16 of 33

 Python Full Stack Developer virtual Internship

Data Types, Control Flow, and Functions

7. Data Types in Python

Python supports a wide range of built-in data types, each suited for specific tasks. These data
types allow developers to store, organize, and manipulate data in efficient ways.

Numeric Types: Includes integers (int), floating-point numbers (float), and complex
numbers (complex). These are used for mathematical computations and numerical
processing.

 Text Type: Strings (str) are sequences of Unicode characters and are essential for handling
textual data. Python makes string manipulation straightforward with features like slicing,
formatting, and built-in methods.

 Boolean Type: The Boolean type (bool) has only two values: True and False. It is often
used in conditional statements and comparisons.

8. Sequence Types:
 Lists: Ordered, mutable collections of items. Ideal for storing related items.
 Tuples: Ordered but immutable collections. Used when the data should not be changed.
 Ranges: Represent sequences of numbers and are typically used in loops.

Mapping Type:

 Dictionaries: Store key-value pairs. They are highly efficient for lookups and are widely
used in data handling and APIs.
Set Types:
 Sets and Frozensets: Unordered collections of unique items, useful for membership testing
and eliminating duplicates.
 Understanding these types and how to use them effectively is crucial to writing robust
Python programs.
9. Control Flow in Python
 Control flow tools in Python determine the direction in which a program executes. They
help build decision-making and repeatable actions within a program.
Conditional Statements:
 if, elif, and else blocks allow a program to choose different paths based on conditions.
 Logical operators like and, or, and not help form complex conditions.

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Page 17 of 33

 Python Full Stack Developer virtual Internship

Loops:
 for loops iterate over sequences like lists, tuples, or strings.

 while loops run as long as a given condition is true.

 Loop Control Statements:

 break: Exits the loop entirely.

 continue: Skips the current iteration and proceeds to the next.

 pass: Acts as a placeholder when no action is required.

 Python’s clear syntax makes writing and understanding control flow logic easier, especially

for beginners. These structures are foundational for tasks like automation, filtering data, and
decision-making in programs.
 Membership Operators: Check if a value is present in a sequence (in, not in).

10. Python Functions

Functions are reusable blocks of code designed to perform a specific task. They promote modularity
and code reusability.

 Definition: Functions are defined using the def keyword, followed by the function name,
parentheses (which can contain arguments), and a colon. The function body is indented.
 Arguments: Information can be passed into functions as arguments (also called parameters),
which are specified inside the parentheses during definition and provided during function
calls.
 Return Value: Functions can return a value using the return statement.
 Lambda Functions: These are small, anonymous functions defined using the lambda
keyword. They can take any number of arguments but can only have one expression.
Lambdas are often used for short, one-time operations, particularly as arguments to higher-
order functions.

11. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

Python is a multi-paradigm language that fully supports Object-Oriented Programming, a

programming paradigm based on the concept of "objects," which can contain data and code.

Classes and Objects:

o Class: A blueprint or a template for creating objects. It defines the properties

(attributes) and behaviors (methods) that objects of that class will have.
o Object: An instance of a class. When you create an object, it inherits the attributes
and methods defined in its class.
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Page 18 of 33
 Python Full Stack Developer virtual Internship

o The init () method is a special constructor method that is automatically called

when a new object is created.

Inheritance:

o Allows a new class (child class or derived class) to inherit attributes and methods
from an existing class (parent class or base class). This promotes code reusability and
establishes a hierarchical relationship between classes.
Polymorphism:
o Meaning "many forms," polymorphism refers to the ability of methods, functions, or
operators to behave differently depending on the object or class they are applied to.
o Function Polymorphism: A single function (like len()) can work on different data
types (strings, lists, tuples) and produce relevant results.
o Class Polymorphism: Multiple classes can have methods with the same name, but
each implementation behaves specifically for that class. This is often seen in
inheritance, where child classes override parent methods.

12. Python Iterators

An iterator is an object that represents a stream of data. It allows you to traverse through a collection
of values one by one.

 Iterator Protocol: In Python, an object is an iterator if it implements the iter () and

next () methods.
o iter (): Returns the iterator object itself.
o next (): Returns the next item from the sequence. If there are no more items, it raises
a StopIteration exception.

 

 Iterable vs. Iterator: Lists, tuples, dictionaries, and sets are iterable objects (they can be
looped over), but they are not iterators themselves. You can get an iterator from them using
the iter() function.

Fig 5.2

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Page 19 of 33

 Python Full Stack Developer virtual Internship

CHAPTER 6

The Django Framework

1. What is Django?

Django is a high-level, open-source Python web framework that enables rapid development of
secure and maintainable websites. It abstracts away much of the repetitive work, allowing
developers to focus on unique application features. Django emphasizes the DRY (Don't Repeat
Yourself) principle, promoting code reusability and efficiency. It comes with "batteries
included," offering ready-to-use features like an authentication system, an Object-Relational
Mapper (ORM) for database interaction, and a powerful administrative interface.

2. How Does Django Work? The MVT Design Pattern

Django follows the Model-View-Template (MVT) architectural pattern, which is a variant of

the widely known Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern. MVT promotes a clean separation
of concerns:

 Model: This represents the data structure of your application, typically corresponding to
tables in a database. Models are defined as Python classes, and Django's ORM handles the
underlying database interactions (creating, reading, updating, deleting records).
 View: The view acts as a request handler. It receives a web request, interacts with the Model
to fetch or process data, and then determines which Template to render and what data to pass
to it.
 Template: A template is a text file (usually HTML) that defines the layout and structure of
the web page. It contains placeholders for dynamic data that is inserted by the View, along
with simple template logic for displaying that data.
 URLs: Django's URL dispatcher maps specific URLs to corresponding View functions,
directing incoming requests to the correct part of your application.

3. Getting Started with Django: Project and App Creation Installation:

Django is installed using Python's package manager, pip:

Bash pip install Django
You can check your Django version with python -m django --version.

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Page 20 of 33

 Python Full Stack Developer virtual Internship

Creating Your First Project: A Django project is the main container for your web application.

Bash
django-admin startproject
my_project cd my_project
python manage.py runserver # Starts the development server

Creating an App: Django applications are modular, self-contained units that handle specific
functionalities (e.g., a blog, a user profile system).
Bash
python manage.py startapp my_app
After creation, the app must be registered in the INSTALLED_APPS list within your project's
settings.py file.

4. Views, URLs, and Templates in Action

To make your Django app display content:

 Views (my_app/views.py): Define Python functions that receive web requests and return
HTTP responses. These functions typically fetch data and render templates.

Python

from django.shortcuts import

render # ... other imports

def home_view(request):
# Logic to fetch data from models
context = {'message': 'Welcome to my Django App!'}
return render(request, 'my_app/home.html', context)

 URLs (my_app/urls.py and my_project/urls.py): Map specific URL patterns to your view
functions.
o Create my_app/urls.py to define app-specific URL patterns.

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Page 21 of 33

 Python Full Stack Developer virtual Internship

o Include my_app.urls in the main my_project/urls.py to make them accessible.

 Templates (my_app/templates/my_app/home.html): HTML files with Django template

language syntax to display dynamic content.

HTML

<!-- my_app/templates/my_app/home.html -->

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>My Django App</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>{{ message }}</h1
</body>
</html>

5. Django Models and Database Interaction (CRUD)

Django's ORM allows you to interact with your database using Python objects, abstracting away
raw SQL.

 Defining Models (my_app/models.py): Create Python classes that inherit from

django.db.models.Model. Each class represents a database table, and its attributes represent
table columns.

Python
from django.db import models
class Product(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2) description
= models.TextField()

def str (self):

return self.name

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Page 22 of 33

 Python Full Stack Developer virtual Internship

 Migrations: After defining or changing models, you need to:

1. python manage.py makemigrations: Creates migration files (Python scripts that
describe changes).
2. python manage.py migrate: Applies these changes to your database, creating or
altering tables. You can view the SQL generated by a migration using python
manage.py sqlmigrate <app_name> <migration_number>.

6. CRUD Operations (Create, Read, Update, Delete):

o Create (Add Records): Instantiate a model object and call .save().

Python

from my_app.models import Product

new_product = Product(name="Laptop", price=1200.00, description="Powerful
computing device")
new_product.save()

o Read (Retrieve Records): Use Model.objects.all() to get all records, or

Model.objects.get(id=1) for a single record, or
Model.objects.filter(name contains="Laptop") for filtered results.
o Update Records: Retrieve an object, modify its attributes, and call .save().

Python

product = Product.objects.get(name="Laptop"

product.price =1150.00
product.save()

Fig 6.1

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Page 23 of 33

 Python Full Stack Developer virtual Internship

Delete Records: Retrieve an object and call .delete().

Python

product = Product.objects.get(name="Laptop")
product.delete()

 The result of these operations is a dynamic web application capable of managing data
efficiently through the Django ORM.

FLOW CHART

Fig 6.2

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Page 24 of 33

 Python Full Stack Developer virtual Internship

CHAPTER 7

MySQL and Database Management

1. Introduction to Database Systems

1.Intr oductiontoDatabase Sys tems

In the digital era, database management systems (DBMS) serve as the backbone for
information storage and retrieval across industries. These systems provide structured
frameworks for organizing vast amounts of data while ensuring integrity, security, and
efficient access.

Modern databases have evolved from simple file-based systems to sophisticated platforms
capable of handling complex queries, transactions, and analytics. The transition from manual
record-keeping to computerized databases has revolutionized how organizations operate,
enabling real-time decision making and automated business processes.

2. Fundamental Database Concepts

2.1 Data Organization
Databases structure information using a hierarchical model comprising:
 Fields (individual data elements)
 Records (complete sets of related fields)
 Tables (collections of similar records)
 Databases (groups of related tables)
2.2 Database Models
The two predominant database paradigms include:

 Relational (SQL) Databases: Organize data into tables with predefined relationships using
primary and foreign keys
 Non-Relational (NoSQL) Databases: Employ flexible document, key-value, or graph-based
structures for unstructured data

3. Introduction to MySQL
MySQL represents the most widely implemented open-source relational database solution,
powering approximately 40% of all database-driven websites. Originally developed in 1995,
MySQL has grown into a complete enterprise-ready DBMS while maintaining its accessibility
for smaller applications

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Page 25 of 33

 Python Full Stack Developer virtual Internship

4. MySQL Architecture and Components

4.1 Storage Engines
MySQL's pluggable storage engine architecture allows customization for different use
cases:
 InnoDB (default): ACID-compliant with transaction support

 MyISAM: Optimized for read-heavy operations

 Memory: Stores data in RAM for fastest access

4.2 System Components

The MySQL ecosystem consists of:
 MySQL Server (core database engine)

 MySQL Workbench (visual administration tool)

 MySQL Shell (command-line interface)

 Connectors (APIs for various programming languages)

5. Key Features and Advantages

5.1 Performance Characteristics
 Optimized query execution through cost-based optimizer

 Advanced indexing capabilities (B-tree, hash, full-text)

 Query caching for frequently accessed data

5.2 Security Framework
 Robust authentication and privilege system

 Data encryption (at rest and in transit)

 Audit logging capabilities

5.3 Scalability Options

 Read replicas for load balancing

 Sharding for horizontal scaling

 Cluster solutions for high availability.

6. Practical Applications
MySQL serves diverse implementation scenarios:
6.1 Web Applications
 Content management systems (WordPress, Drupal)

 E-commerce platforms (Magento, WooCommerce)

 Social networking services

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Page 26 of 33

 Python Full Stack Developer virtual Internship

6.2 Enterprise Solutions

 Customer relationship management (CRM) systems

 Enterprise resource planning (ERP) platforms

 Data warehousing and business intelligence

6.3 Embedded Systems
 IoT device data collection

 Mobile applications

 Industrial control systems

7. Industry Trends and Future Outlook

The database landscape continues evolving with emerging trends:
 Cloud-native MySQL deployments

 Machine learning integration for query optimization

 Blockchain-inspired data verification

 Edge computing implementations

Fig 7

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Page 27 of 33

 Python Full Stack Developer virtual Internship

CHAPTER 8

Version Control and GitHub

1. What is Version Control?

Version control is a system that records changes to files over time, allowing developers to
track modifications, revert to previous states, and collaborate efficiently. Modern software
development relies on version control systems (VCS) to manage codebases, documentation,
and configuration files.
Key Components:
 Repository (Repo): Stores all versions of project files and their history

 Commits: Snapshots of changes with unique identifiers

 Branches: Parallel versions for isolated development

Types of VCS:
1. Centralized (CVCS): Single repository (e.g., Subversion)
2. Distributed (DVCS): Full copy on each machine (e.g., Git)
2. Key Benefits of Version Control
 Collaboration: Multiple developers can work simultaneously
 History Tracking: Complete audit trail of all changes
 Disaster Recovery: Restore previous versions easily
 Branching: Isolate new features from stable code
 Backup: Protection against data loss

3. Understanding GitHub
GitHub is the world's leading platform for hosting Git repositories, offering collaboration
tools and project management features.
Core Concepts:
 Repositories: Containers for project files (public/private)

 Branches: Isolated development lines (e.g., main, feature/login)

 Pull Requests: Proposals to merge changes with review process

 Issues: Track bugs, tasks, and feature requests

 Actions: Automate testing and deployment (CI/CD)

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Page 28 of 33

 Python Full Stack Developer virtual Internship

4. GitHub's Importance
 Open-Source Hub: Hosts millions of projects (Linux, React)
 Enterprise Standard: Used by Microsoft, Google, Netflix
 Documentation: Wikis and READMEs for project knowledge
 Community: Global developer collaboration platform
5. Managing Code with Git/GitHub
Local Workflow:
1. Clone repository: git clone [url]
2. Stage changes: git add [files]
3. Commit changes: git commit -m "message"
4. Push to remote: git push origin main
Collaboration Features:
 Code reviews via Pull Requests
 Branch protection rules
 Repository forking for contributions
 Blame tracking for change history

6. Advanced GitHub Features

Code Quality Tools:
 Required status checks for PRs

 Code owner review assignments

 Protected branch enforcement

 Automated template systems

CI/CD Automation:
 GitHub Actions workflows

 Matrix build testing

 Dependency caching

 Self-hosted runners

Project Management:
 Kanban-style project boards
 Milestone tracking
 Automated issue templates
 Task list progress tracking

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Page 29 of 33

 Python Full Stack Developer virtual Internship

7. Security Features
 SAML single sign-on
 IP allow lists
 Secret scanning
 Vulnerability alerts
 Audit logs
8. Best Practices
1. Use descriptive commit messages
2. Keep pull requests small and focused
3. Enforce code reviews
4. Maintain proper documentation
5. Regular dependency updates
6. Implement branch protection
7. Use issue tracking effectively

Fig 8

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Page 30 of 33

 Python Full Stack Developer virtual Internship

CONCLUSION

This virtual internship in Python Full Stack Development has provided an invaluable, end-to-end
learning experience that bridges theoretical knowledge with practical application. Through intensive
hands-on projects, we've gained proficiency in both front-end and back-end technologies, mastering
how to create responsive, interactive web applications from the ground up. The curriculum's balanced
approach enabled us to understand how different layers of the stack interact, giving us the confidence
to architect complete solutions rather than just individual components.

The program particularly emphasized the importance of building maintainable, scalable systems
through modern development practices. By working with Django's MVT architecture and MySQL
databases, we learned how proper structure and organization are fundamental to creating robust
applications. The experience with version control using Git and GitHub instilled professional
collaboration workflows that mirror real-world development environments. These skills go beyond
technical implementation - they represent the disciplined approach needed for professional software
engineering.

What sets this experience apart is how it prepared us for the dynamic nature of web development.
Through implementing AJAX for seamless data handling and mastering responsive design principles,
we've developed solutions that meet contemporary user expectations. The program didn't just teach us
how to code, but how to think critically about performance, security, and user experience - essential
considerations that distinguish adequate developers from exceptional ones.

As we move forward, this internship has equipped us with more than just technical skills; it has
provided a growth mindset for continuous learning in an ever-evolving field. The comprehensive
exposure to full-stack development challenges has prepared us to adapt to new technologies while
maintaining strong fundamentals. This experience serves as both a solid foundation for our careers and
a springboard for future specialization in the vast landscape of web development.

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Page 31 of 33

 Python Full Stack Developer virtual Internship

INTERNSHIP CERTIFICATE:

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Page 32 of 33

 Python Full Stack Developer virtual Internship

REFERENCES:

 https://www.python.org/

 https://www.djangoproject.com/

 https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/

 https://dev.mysql.com/doc/

 https://git-scm.com/

 https://github.com/

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Page 33 of 33