**Chapter 2**

**Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H)**

**2.1.1. Explain the literal and terminological meanings of Hadith.**

**Answer:** The word "Hadith" is an Arabic term that means "news" or

"conversation." However, in Islamic terminology, the Hadith refers to the sayings,
actions, and approvals (silent consent) of the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H). In
Sharia (Islamic law), Hadith is also referred to as "Wahy Ghair Matlu" (unrecited
revelation), "Wahy Khafi" (hidden revelation), "Khabar" (news), "Athar" (tradition),
and "Sunnah" (practice). The person who narrates a Hadith is called a "Ravi"
(narrator).

**2.1.2. Explain the difference between Hadith and Sunnah.**

**Answer:** Hadith refers to the sayings, actions, and approvals (silent consent) of
the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H). The term "Sunnah" is also an Arabic word, which
means "method," "path," or "habit." In Islamic terminology, the Sunnah refers to the
practices, habits, and routines of the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H). For example, the
Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) preferred to wear white clothing, use perfume,
consume honey, drink Zamzam water, and eat the vegetable pumpkin; these are
considered the Sunnah of the Prophet (P.B.U.H). Similarly, every moment of the
Prophet Muhammad's (P.B.U.H) practical life is regarded as Sunnah, such as treating
neighbors with kindness, showing mercy to slaves and orphans, dealing with people
gently, always speaking the truth, and displaying immense patience and
perseverance in the propagation and dissemination of Islam. The Sunnah is also
referred to as "Uswah Hasanah" (the best example) and "Seerat un-Nabi" (the life of
the Prophet).

**2.1.3. Describe the well-known types of Hadith (Mutawatir, Mashhur, Aziz, Gharib,
Sahih, Hasan, Da'if, Mawdu).**

**Answer:**

1. **Mutawatir Hadith:** This is a Hadith that has been narrated by such a large
number of people in every generation that it is impossible for them all to have
conspired to lie.

2. **Mashhur Hadith:** This is a Hadith that is narrated by fewer people than those of
Mutawatir in every generation, but still more than two.

3. **Aziz Hadith:** This is a Hadith that has no less than two narrators in any
generation. For example, the Hadith: "‫اَل ُيْؤ ِم ُن َأَحُد ُكْم َحَّت ى َأُكوَن َأَحَّب ِإَلْي ِه ِم ْن َو اِلِدِه َوَو َلِدِه‬
‫"( "َو الَّن اِس َأْجَم ِع يَن‬None of you truly believes until I am dearer to him than his father,
his child, and all of mankind") is an example of an Aziz Hadith.

4. **Gharib Hadith:** This is a Hadith that is narrated by only one narrator at any
stage. The Mashhur, Aziz, and Gharib Ahadith are also known as "Khabar Wahid"
(solitary report).

5. **Sahih Hadith:** This is a Hadith with a chain of narration that is connected

directly to the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) and has been narrated by trustworthy
and reliable narrators with a strong memory. This Hadith is free from any defects or
weaknesses.

6. **Hasan Hadith:** This is a Hadith whose narrators are upright but one of them
may have a slightly weaker memory, making the Hadith slightly lower in rank than
Sahih.
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7. **Mursal Hadith:** This is a Hadith in which the chain of narration is missing a
narrator at the end.

8. **Da'if Hadith:** This is a Hadith that lacks one or more of the qualities of a Hasan
Hadith, making it weak. There are many types of Da'if Hadith.

9. **Mawdu Hadith:** This is a fabricated Hadith, falsely attributed to the Prophet

Muhammad (P.B.U.H) by the narrator.

**2.1.4. List the famous books of Hadith (Muwatta Imam Malik, Sahih Sitta, and Usul
Arba’a) and their authors.**

**Answer:** Below are the names of the six most authentic books of Hadith (Sahih
Sitta) along with their authors:

1. **Sahih Bukhari** - Compiled by Imam Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Ismail

Bukhari.
2. **Sahih Muslim** - Compiled by Imam Muslim bin Hajjaj bin Muslim Qushayri.
3. **Jami' at-Tirmidhi** - Compiled by Imam Abu Isa Muhammad bin Isa at-Tirmidhi.

**4. Sunan Abi Dawood** - Compiled by Imam Abu Dawood Sulaiman bin Ash'ath.

**5. Sunan an-Nasa'i** - Compiled by Imam Abu Abdur Rahman Ahmad bin Ali an-
Nasa'i.

**6. Sunan Ibn Majah** - Compiled by Imam Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Yazid Ibn
Majah al-Qazwini.

**Muwatta** - Compiled by Imam Malik bin Anas.

The following four books are the most authentic Hadith collections in Fiqh Jafariya,
known as **Usul Arba’a**:

1. **Al-Kafi** - Compiled by Abu Ja'far Muhammad bin Ya'qub al-Kulayni.

2. **Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih** - Compiled by Abu Ja'far Muhammad bin Ali bin
Babawayh al-Qummi.
3. **Al-Istibsar** - Compiled by Abu Ja'far Muhammad bin al-Hasan al-Tusi.
4. **Tahdhib al-Ahkam** - Compiled by Abu Ja'far Muhammad bin al-Hasan al-Tusi.

59
**2.1.5 - The Religious Authority (Hujjiyyat) of Hadith in the Light of Quranic
Teachings**

**Answer:** The Islamic Shariah is based on four fundamental sources:

1. **Quran**
2. **Hadith of the Prophet (P.B.U.H.)**
3. **Ijma' (Consensus)**
4. **Qiyas (Analogical Reasoning)**

The entire Muslim Ummah unanimously agrees on the authority of the Hadith of the
Prophet (P.B.U.H.). Following the Hadith and the Sunnah of the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) is
obligatory upon every Muslim, and violating the Hadith is forbidden.

Regarding the importance of the Hadith of the Prophet (P.B.U.H.), the commands of
Allah include:

- **"The Messenger does not speak from his own desire; it is nothing but a revelation
revealed."** (Al-Najm 53:3-4)

- **"Whoever obeys the Messenger has indeed obeyed Allah."** (Al-Nisa 4:80)

- **"Whatever the Messenger gives you, take it; and whatever he forbids you, refrain
from it."** (Al-Hashr 59:7)

- **"If you dispute about anything, refer it to Allah and the Messenger."** (Al-Nisa
4:59)

**2.1.6 - Explain the Characteristics of the Three Periods of Compilation of Hadith**

**Answer:**
**First Period:** The first period of the compilation of Hadith was during the lifetime
of the Prophet (P.B.U.H.). During this time, the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) would give his
teachings, and the Sahabah (Companions) would either memorize or write them
down. This period is characterized by two main methods of preservation:

1. **Memorization (Hifz):** The companions would commit the Hadith to memory.

2. **Written Preservation:** The Hadith was written down for preservation.

The Prophet (P.B.U.H.) granted special permission to Abdullah bin Amr to write down
the Hadith. Abu Hurairah narrated that no one among the companions narrated more
Hadith than him except Abdullah bin Amr, who used to write them down.

Abdullah bin Amr reported, "I used to write down whatever I heard from the Prophet
(P.B.U.H.). Then, influenced by the opinion of the Quraysh, I stopped writing. When I
mentioned this to the Prophet (P.B.U.H.), he said, 'Write it down; by the One in whose
hand my soul is, nothing comes from my mouth except the truth.'"

The majority of the companions would preserve the Hadith in their memory. The
Prophet (P.B.U.H.) said, **"Soon, different Ahadith from me will come to you. If any
Hadith reaches you that is in accordance with the Book of Allah and my Sunnah,
then it is my Hadith. If any Hadith reaches you that contradicts the Book of Allah and
my Sunnah, then it is not my Hadith."** (Sunan al-Daraqutni)

The Prophet (P.B.U.H.) also warned, **"Do not lie against me, for whoever lies
against me will enter Hell."** (Sahih Bukhari)

60
**Second Period**

The second period of the compilation of Hadith began in 99 AH after Umar bin Abdul
Aziz became the Caliph. Amir al-Mu'minin Umar bin Abdul Aziz realized that a
significant portion of the Hadith of the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) was preserved in the minds
and hearts of the scholars, but there was a risk that it might be lost. To prevent this,
he sent a directive to Qadi Abu Bakr ibn Hazm, who was the governor of Madinah,
instructing him to search for and compile the Hadith of the Prophet (P.B.U.H.). He
expressed concern about the potential loss of this knowledge and its scholars. Umar
bin Abdul Aziz sent this directive to the governors of all provinces, and they
complied with it. Additionally, orders were issued to collect the reports and practices
of the Rightly Guided Caliphs so that examples of implementing Shariah could be
presented.

**Third Period**

The third period of the compilation of Hadith is generally considered to be during the
third century AH. During this period, prominent scholars and teachers of the science
of Hadith traveled to various corners of the world to collect the blessed sayings of
the Prophet (P.B.U.H.). It was in this period that the famous collections such as the
**Sihah Sittah** and **Muwatta Imam Malik** were compiled, which serve as a great
service to the Ummah until the Day of Judgment.

**2.1.7 - Express Your Opinion on the Characteristics of the Three Periods of

Compilation of Hadith**

**Answer:** The three periods of the compilation of Hadith are all exemplary, and
during each of these periods, no effort was spared in serving Islam. However, the era
of the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) is unparalleled because the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) himself was
present during this time and would personally answer any questions that arose in
people's minds. Nevertheless, in the second and third periods, the work of compiling
the Hadith of the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) was carried out with immense love and sincerity.
This was a significant service to Islam, which the scholars and Hadith narrators
performed with great dedication and effort.
In this process, extreme caution was exercised, and the principles for scrutinizing
narrators were very stringent and challenging. Each Hadith of the Prophet (P.B.U.H.)
underwent the most rigorous scrutiny before it was recorded in a Hadith collection.
Imam Bukhari collected 600,000 Hadiths of the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) with great respect
and reverence for **Sahih Bukhari**, but after rigorous scrutiny, only 2,500 Hadiths
remained that were included in **Sahih Bukhari**. **Sahih Bukhari** holds the
highest rank among the **Sihah Sittah**. Similarly, other Hadith scholars, including
Imam Muslim, Imam Nasa'i, Imam Ibn Majah, Imam Abu Dawud, Imam Ahmad bin
Hanbal, Imam Shafi'i, and Imam Malik, also made immense efforts in this regard,
providing a significant service to Islam.

**Selected Ahadith (2001) and Their Interpretations:**

**2.2.1 Explain the main teachings of these Ahadith.**
**Q:** Explain the main teachings of these Ahadith.
**2.2.2 Discuss the mutual relationship of these Ahadith.**
**Q:** Discuss the mutual relationship of these Ahadith.
**2.2.3 Analyze Islamic values derived from these Ahadith and explain their
importance with examples.**
**Q:** Analyze Islamic values derived from these Ahadith and explain their
importance with examples.
**2.2.4 Give examples of how the teachings of these Ahadith can be applied in our
individual and collective lives.**
**Q:** Give examples of how the teachings of these Ahadith can be applied in our
individual and collective lives.

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**Selected Ahadith (2001) and Their Interpretations**

1. **‫( **إنما األعمال بالنيات وإنما لكل امرئ ما نوى‬Bukhari, Muslim)

**Translation:** Verily, actions are dependent on intentions, and no doubt, the

individual will get what he actually intends.

**Meanings of Difficult Words:**

1. **Niyyat:** (Plural of Niyyah, meaning intention, will, purpose)
2. **Amr:** (Intention, purpose)
3. **A'mal:** (Deeds, actions)

**Central Teaching:**
The central teaching of this Hadith is the importance of intention. Every action a
person performs is judged based on the intention behind it. If an action is done with
a good intention, it will be rewarded both in this world and in the hereafter. However,
if the intention is to show off, then the action will be judged accordingly.

**Analysis of Islamic Values:**

A well-known saying emphasizes, "Weigh your intentions, as they are more
significant than the action itself." Suppose an act outwardly appears good, such as
prayer, Hajj, Zakat, charity, or any other act of human welfare, but it is not done
sincerely. In that case, it holds no value in the sight of Allah, and there will be no
reward for it in the Hereafter. Our values, worship, and deeds are deeply influenced
by our intentions. While worldly recognition may be achieved, these deeds will not
be accepted by Allah. The Almighty says:

**Translation:** "And of them there are some who say, 'Our Lord, grant us good in
this world,' but they will have no portion in the Hereafter." (Al-Baqarah - 200)

**Application in Individual and Collective Lives:**

Acting upon this Hadith can have positive effects on both individual and collective
life. Any deed done solely for Allah's pleasure will be accepted by Him. For instance,
if an individual or organization gives charity purely for Allah's sake, it will be
accepted by Allah. On the other hand, if actions are performed to seek praise or
show off to others, they will not be accepted. Intentions behind good deeds should
be pure, and it should not be that money is earned through unlawful means, such as
bribery, interest, deceit, or theft, and then distributed among the poor.

2. **‫( **إنما بعثت ألتمم حسن األخالق‬Muwatta)

**Translation:** No doubt, I have been sent to complete good moralities.

**Meanings of Difficult Words:**

1. **Ba'ath:** (I have been sent)
2. **L'atammim:** (So that I may complete)
3. **Husn al-Akhlaq:** (Good and excellent moralities)

**Central Teaching:**
The central teaching of this Hadith is a lesson in ethics.

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### **Analysis of Islamic Values:**

Allah Almighty has stated: "Indeed, you (O Prophet) are of a great moral character."
(Al-Qalam, 4)

Allah Almighty created the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) with an unparalleled

appearance and character. The Prophet (PBUH) was blessed with the highest level of
noble character. However, the mention of the Prophet's (PBUH) virtuous qualities is
not only found in the Holy Qur'an but also in previous divine scriptures.

The elevation of character means that if someone cuts ties with us, we are
commanded to reconnect and restore relationships with them. Thus, we should
establish bonds with those who have severed them.

We should fulfill the rights of those who do not fulfill our rights.

We should show forgiveness and forbearance towards those who oppress and
wrong us.

A Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) implies that on the Day of Judgment, the
closest person to me will be the one who possesses the best character.

### **Application in Individual and Collective Lives:**

This Hadith indicates that people with bad character are disliked by both Allah and
His servants. Another Hadith implies that the person who is most disliked by Allah is
the one whose bad character has caused people to avoid meeting him.

Good character fosters humility and kindness among people.

A person controls their anger over undesirable matters.

They deal with others with forgiveness and forbearance.

On a social level, cooperation, love, and affection increase among people.

As a nation, if the teachings of the Qur'an are followed, success and prosperity will
be achieved.

The Prophet (PBUH) said, "Goodness is synonymous with good character."

As a nation, if we follow the life of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), we will be

blessed with success and prosperity.

**)‫ سیوطی‬- ‫ال يو من احد كم حتى يكون هواه تبعًا لما جئت به** (الجامع الكبير‬

Translation: "None of you will be a complete believer until his desires are in
accordance with what I have brought (Shariah)."

### **Difficult Words:**

1. **‫( **ال یؤمن‬He is not a believer)

2. **‫( **ہواہ‬Desires)
3. **‫( **اتباع‬In accordance with my Shariah)

### **Central Teaching:**

The central teaching of this Hadith is the obedience to Allah and His Messenger,
Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
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Analysis of Islamic Values:

If a person desires success in this world and the hereafter, they must obey Allah and
His Messenger, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) conveyed Allah's message to His servants in simple
and understandable terms.
Allah has taught humanity the ways to live in this world and how to lead their lives in
the best possible manner.

### **Application in Individual and Collective Lives:**

Success is impossible unless there is obedience to Allah and His Messenger,

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). The life of the Prophet (PBUH) serves as the best
example, and all Muslims should live their lives by following it. The Prophet
Muhammad (PBUH) was the best father, the best husband, the best teacher, the best
trader, the best judge, the best commander-in-chief, the best preacher, and the best
human being. Therefore, by adopting these qualities of the Prophet (PBUH), we too
should achieve success.

**)‫ال يو من احد كم حتى يحب الخيه ما يحب لنفسه** (بخاری مسلم‬

Translation: "None of you will have faith until he likes for his brother what he likes
for himself."
**‫الد المسلم اخو المسلم ال يخونه وال يخلله كل المسلم عىل المسلم حرام عرضه و ماله و دمه‬
)‫ (تریدری‬- **‫التقوى هاهنا بحسب امرى من الشر ان يحقر اخاه المسلم‬
Translation: "A Muslim is a brother to another Muslim; he does not betray him, lie to
him, or belittle him. The blood, property, and honor of every Muslim are unlawful for
another Muslim. Taqwa (piety) resides here (in the heart). It is enough evil for a
person to look down upon his Muslim brother."
### **Difficult Words and Meanings:**
1. **‫( **المسلم‬Muslim)
2. **‫( **اخو‬Brother)
3. **‫( **ال‬Not)
4. **‫( **حرام‬Unlawful)
5. **‫( **عرضہ‬Honor)
6. **‫( **مالہ‬His property)
7. **‫( **ورمہ‬His blood)
### **Central Teaching:**
The central teaching of this Hadith is the sanctity of humanity.
### **Analysis of Islamic Values:**
This Hadith prohibits three things: 1. Property, 2. Blood, 3. Honor.
During the Farewell Sermon, the Prophet (PBUH) equated the sanctity of life,
property, and honor to the sanctity of Makkah, the Day of Arafah, and the month of
Dhul-Hijjah.
**‫ارشاد خداوندی‬:** Translation: "Whoever saves a life, it is as though he has saved all
of humanity." (Al-Ma'idah, 32)
The relationship among Muslims is one of brotherhood.
The Prophet (PBUH) declared bloodshed as unlawful.
The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: "A believer is like a wall to another believer."
(Meaning of the Hadith)
### **Application in Individual and Collective Lives:**
This Hadith teaches that all Muslims are brothers to one another; they cannot cause
harm to each other in any way, and causing any form of harm is unlawful, including
harm to their honor, property, and life.

**)‫ما عال من اقتصد** (حجم االوسط طبرانی‬

Translation: "One who observes moderation (in spending money) shall never
become poor (a pauper)."

64
### **Difficult Words and Meanings:**

1. ** ‫( **َاَحَّب‬Who desires)

2. ** ‫( **َم ْب َس َط‬Expansion)

3. ** ‫( **ِر ْز َق ُه‬Provision)

4. ** ‫( **َرْحَم ُه‬Relatives)

### **Central Teaching:**

Kindness towards relatives.

### **Analysis of Islamic Values:**

Being kind to relatives is highly beneficial for a person.

### **Application in Individual and Collective Lives:**

When a person treats their blood relatives with kindness, helps them, and stands by
them in good and bad times, Allah is so pleased with this act that He increases their
provision and blesses them with a longer life filled with prosperity.

**‫انصر اخاك ظالما او مظلوما فقال رجل يارسول هللا انصره اذا كان مظلوما ارايت ان كان ظالما‬
)‫كيف انصره قال تحجزه او تمنعه من الظلم فان ذلك نصره** (بخاری‬

Translation: "Help your brother, whether he is an oppressor or an oppressed one." A

companion asked, "O Messenger of Allah, I understand helping the oppressed, but
how can I help the oppressor?" The Prophet (PBUH) replied, "By holding his hand
from oppression (i.e., stop him from oppression), that is your help to him."

### **Difficult Words and Meanings:**

1. **‫( **َاخ‬Brother)
2. **‫( **َظ اِلًم ا‬Oppressor)
3. **‫( **َم ْظ ُلوًم ا‬Oppressed)
4. ** ‫( **َاْنُص َر ُه‬Help)

### **Central Teaching:**

Preventing oppression.

### **Analysis of Islamic Values:**

Stopping all forms of oppression and injustice.

### **Application in Individual and Collective Lives:**

Oppression and tyranny destroy human society. A significant amount of positive

energy is wasted in either committing or enduring oppression. This is a highly
detestable act because Allah has not sent humans into the world to waste their time
in either perpetrating or suffering from oppression. The more a person obeys the
commands of Allah, the closer they get to Allah and His pleasure.

65
### **Application in Individual and Collective Lives:**

Every human should have a firm belief that Allah Almighty has granted the Prophet
Muhammad (PBUH) countless powers, and obedience to the Prophet (PBUH) is
considered as obedience to Allah Himself. The command of Allah states: "Whoever
obeys the Prophet (PBUH) has indeed obeyed Allah."

**)‫ طبرانی‬- ‫ ومن احبني كان معي في الجنة** (العجم االوسط‬،‫من احيا سنتى فقد احبني‬

Translation: "He who enlivens my Sunnah (practices) is the one who truly loves me,
and he who loves me will be with me in Jannah."

### **Difficult Words and Meanings:**

1. **‫( **احیا‬Enliven)
2. **‫( **اصفی‬Love)
3. **‫( **میعی‬With)
4. **‫( **جزیہ‬Jannah)
5. **‫( **سنتی‬My Sunnah)

### **Central Teaching:**

Love for the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).

### **Analysis of Islamic Values:**

Love for the Prophet (PBUH) will lead one to Jannah.

### **Application in Individual and Collective Lives:**

When a person's life is governed by the Sunnah of the Prophet (PBUH) and love for
him, all the successes of this world and the hereafter become their destiny. Such a
person is held in high esteem and respect among people, and ultimately, by
continuously performing good deeds, they are granted entrance into Jannah.

**)‫ليس الشديد بالصرعة انما الشديد الذي يملك نفسه عند الغضب** (بخاری‬

Translation: "True strength is not in brute physicality; rather, true strength is in the
one who controls himself during moments of anger."

### **Difficult Words and Meanings:**

1. **‫( **الصرة‬Wrestler or the one who overpowers others)

2. **‫( **نفسه‬Himself)
3. **‫( **غضب‬Anger)

### **Central Teaching:**

Controlling oneself during anger.
### **Analysis of Islamic Values:**
Anger causes great harm to a person.
### **Application in Individual and Collective Lives:**

In life, many losses occur due to anger. There are countless examples in society,
such as murder, enmity, divorce, abduction, family hatred, and racial animosities, all
of which are often rooted in uncontrolled anger.

66
### **Hadith 10:**
**Arabic Text:**
)‫من أحب أن يبسط له في رزقه وأن ينسأ له في أثره فليصل رحمه (بخاری‬

**Translation:**
He who hopes and desires for an increase in his sustenance (rizq) and a prolonged
life should behave nicely towards his relatives.

**Difficult Words and Meanings:**

1. **‫( **أحب‬He who desires)

2. **‫( **بسط‬Increase)
3. **‫( **رزقه‬Sustenance)
4. **‫( **رحمه‬Relatives)

**Central Teaching:**
Kindness towards relatives.

**Analysis of Islamic Values:**

Kindness towards relatives is highly beneficial for a person.

**Application in Individual and Collective Lives:**

When a person treats their blood relatives with kindness, helps them, and stands by
them in good and bad times, Allah loves this act so much that, as a result of this
good treatment, Allah increases that person’s sustenance (rizq) and grants them a
long and blessed life.

---

**Arabic Text:**
‫ أرأيت إن كان‬،‫ أنصره إذا كان مظلومًا‬،‫ يا رسول هللا‬:‫ فقال رجل‬،‫انصر أخاك ظالمًا أو مظلومًا‬
)‫ فإن ذلك نصره (بخاری‬،‫ تحجزه أو تمنعه من الظلم‬:‫ظالمًا كيف أنصره؟ قال‬

**Translation:**
"Help your brother, whether he is an oppressor or an oppressed one," The
Companions of the Prophet said: "O Allah's Apostle! We can help the oppressed. But
how can we help the oppressor?" He replied, "Hold his hand from oppression (i.e.,
stop him from committing oppression), for this is also a form of helping him."

**Difficult Words and Meanings:**

1. **‫( **أخ‬Brother)
2. **‫( **ظالمًا‬Oppressor)
3. **‫( **مظلومًا‬Oppressed)
4. **‫( **انصره‬Help him)

**Central Teaching:**
Prevention of oppression.

**Analysis of Islamic Values:**

Stopping all forms of oppression and tyranny.

**Application in Individual and Collective Lives:**

Oppression and tyranny destroy human society. A lot of positive energy is wasted in
either committing or enduring oppression. This is a highly undesirable act because
Allah has not sent humans into the world to waste time in oppressing others or
enduring oppression. The more a person obeys the commands of Allah, the closer
and more beloved they become to Allah.

67
### **Hadith 13:**

**Arabic Text:**
‫ أال أدلكم عىل شيء إذا فعلتموه تحاببتم؟‬،‫ال تدخلون الجنة حتى تؤمنوا وال تؤمنوا حتى تحابوا‬
)‫أفشوا السالم بينكم (مسلم‬

**Translation:**
You will not be able to enter Jannah until you have complete faith, and you will not
have complete faith until you love (and be kind to) each other. Shall I tell you of
something that, if done, will spread love among you? Spread the "Salam" (greeting
of peace) amongst you (and make it common).

**Difficult Words and Meanings:**

1. **‫( **ال تدخلون الجنة‬You will not enter Jannah)

2. **‫( **وال تؤمنوا‬Until you have complete faith)
3. **‫( **السالم بينكم‬Spread Salam amongst you)

**Central Teaching:**
The importance of spreading Salam.

**Analysis of Islamic Values:**

Promoting peace and goodwill in the Muslim community.

**Application in Individual and Collective Lives:**

Islam is a religion of peace and well-being, and it is obligatory for all Muslims to
initiate Salam when they meet each other. Salam is a prayer that one Muslim makes
for another, and in response, the other Muslim also prays for the first one. Thus,
both Muslims pray for each other's peace and safety.

### **Hadith 14:**

**Arabic Text:**
‫ قلت يا رسول هللا ﷺ قل لي في اإلسالم قوال ال أسأل عنه أحدا‬: ‫عن سفیان بن عبد هللا قال‬
)‫غيرك قال قل آمنت بالله ثم استقم (مسلم‬

**Translation:**
Sufyan bin Abdullah narrated that he said, "O Messenger of Allah! Tell me something
about Islam, such that I will never need to ask anyone else for further explanation."
The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬replied, "Say 'I have believed in Allah,' and then remain steadfast
upon it."
**Difficult Words and Meanings:**

1. **‫( **قوال ال أسأل عنه أحدا غيرك‬Something that I will never need to ask anyone else)
2. **‫( **قل‬Say)
3. **‫( **آمنت بالله‬I have believed in Allah)
4. **‫( **ثم استقم‬Then be firm in your belief)
**Central Teaching:**
Believing in Allah and remaining steadfast.
**Analysis of Islamic Values:**
The foundation of Islam is the belief in the Oneness of Allah (Tawhid).
**Application in Individual and Collective Lives:**
Allah is the Creator and Owner of the entire universe and all creatures. He has
created humans and jinn for His worship. Therefore, the first and foremost duty is to
believe in Allah, which is the undeniable truth of this universe. This belief is affirmed
by declaring "La ilaha illallah," meaning "There is no god but Allah."

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### **Hadith 14:**

**Arabic Text:**
‫ما اكل احد طعاما قط خيرا من ان يأكل من عمل يده و ان نبی هللا داود عليه السالم كان يأكل من‬
)‫عمل يده (بخاری‬

**Translation:**
None of you has eaten better food than that earned from the efforts of your own
hand, and indeed, the Prophet of Allah, Dawood (‫)عليه السالم‬, would eat from his own
efforts.

**Difficult Words and Meanings:**

1. **‫ **ما أكل‬- (To earn lawful sustenance)

2. **‫ **طعام‬- (Food)
3. **‫ **عمل يده‬- (Earnings from one's own hands)
4. **‫ **نبی هللا داود عليه السالم‬- (Prophet Dawood (‫ )عليه السالم‬of Allah)

**Central Teaching:**
Earning lawful sustenance.

**Analysis of Islamic Values:**

Earning sustenance through lawful means is an act of worship.

**Application in Individual and Collective Lives:**

Earning lawful sustenance is an act of worship and a form of jihad. One who earns
lawful sustenance is a friend of Allah. It is a great virtue, and Allah accepts the
prayers of those who earn lawful sustenance, granting them health, goodness, and
blessings.

### **Hadith 15:**

**Arabic Text:**
)‫من لم يدع قول الزور والعمل به والجهل فليس لله حاجة فى أن يدع طعامه و شرابه (بخاری‬

**Translation:**
One who does not refrain from telling lies and from evil deeds while fasting, then
Allah is not interested in his leaving food and drink (abstaining from food and drink).

**Difficult Words and Meanings:**

1. **‫ **قول الزور‬- (Telling lies)

2. **‫ **والعمل به والجهل‬- (Acting on falsehood and disobedience)
3. **‫ **فلله حاجة‬- (Allah has no need)
4. **‫ **يدع طعامه وشرابه‬- (Leaving food and drink)

**Central Teaching:**
Avoiding all forms of evil during fasting.

**Analysis of Islamic Values:**

All forms of worship are ordained for the betterment and training of individuals.

**Application in Individual and Collective Lives:**

If worship does not lead to the education, training, and reform of a person, then
merely fulfilling the rituals of worship holds no value in the sight of Allah. Hence, in
this Hadith, the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬has conveyed to Muslims that there is no benefit in
merely fasting and staying hungry and thirsty unless one also refrains from evil
deeds.

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### **Hadith 18:**

**Arabic Text:**
)‫اطعموا الجائع وعودوا المريض وفكوا العاني (بخاری‬

**Translation:**
The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬said: "Feed the hungry, visit the sick, and free the captives."

**Difficult Words and Meanings:**

1. **‫ **اطعموا الجائع‬- (Feed the hungry)

2. **‫ **و عودوا المريض‬- (Visit the sick)

3. **‫ **وفكوا العاني‬- (Free the captives)

**Central Teaching:**
Feed the hungry, visit the sick, and free the captives.

**Analysis of Islamic Values:**

Islam commands us to show compassion towards the weak, poor, hungry, sick, and
even captives, urging us to help them financially and morally.

**Application in Individual and Collective Lives:**

Islam disapproves of societal inequalities and instructs us to prevent the wealthy
from becoming too rich at the expense of the poor. Thus, Allah commands feeding
the hungry, visiting the sick, and freeing captives, ensuring social balance.

### **Hadith 19:**

**Arabic Text:**

)‫إن من إجالل هللا إكرام ذي الشيبة المسلم (األدب المفرد‬

**Translation:**

One of the ways to respect the greatness of Allah is to honor an elderly Muslim.
**Difficult Words and Meanings:**

1. **‫ **إجالل هللا‬- (Respecting the greatness of Allah)

2. **‫ **ذي الشيبة المسلم‬- (An elderly Muslim)

**Central Teaching:**

Respecting the elderly.

**Analysis of Islamic Values:**

Allah has made it obligatory to honor and respect elderly people.

**Application in Individual and Collective Lives:**

In a Muslim society, parents, elders, and older people are highly respected. The
youth are encouraged to make things easier for the elderly and take great care of
them without negligence.

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### **Hadith 20:**

**Arabic Text:**
)‫من صمت نجا (ترمذي‬

**Translation:**
He who remains silent will succeed.

**Difficult Words and Meanings:**

1. **‫ **صمت‬- (Silence)

2. **‫ **نجا‬- (Success or salvation)

**Central Teaching:**
Avoid unnecessary speech.

**Analysis of Islamic Values:**

Islam strongly disapproves of idle and purposeless talk.

**Application in Individual and Collective Lives:**

Islam encourages Muslims to speak less, as fewer words lead to fewer sins.
Excessive talking often leads to pointless discussions, lies, backbiting, slander, and
accusations, causing a person to unknowingly commit major and minor sins. Thus,
Islam discourages unnecessary speech, and silence is considered an act of worship
in some contexts.

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**Multiple Choice Questions: MCQs**

Correct answers are marked with a (✓) after the correct option.

1. **The literal meaning of "Sunnah" is:**

- Method (✓)
- Sunnah
- Speech
- Command

2. **"Sihah Sittah" refers to:**

- Six famous books of Hadith (✓)

- Three famous books of Hadith
- Seven famous books of Hadith
- Usul Arba'a

3. **The number of authenticated Hadith books in Fiqh Ja'fariyah is:**

- Three
- Six
- Four (✓)
- Five

4. **In which Hijri year did Caliph Umar bin Abdul Aziz issue the order to compile the
Hadith of the Prophet ‫**?ﷺ‬

- 98 Hijri
- 99 Hijri (✓)
- 100 Hijri
- 97 Hijri

5. **The type of Hadith where the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬saw someone doing an action and
remained silent is called:**

- Hadith Qawli
- Hadith Fi'li
- Hadith Taqriri (✓)
- Hadith Sukoorti

6. **Imam Muhammad bin Isma'il is the author of:**

- Ibn Majah
- Sahih Muslim
- Sahih Bukhari (✓)
- Mishkat

7. **The literal meaning of Hadith is:**

- Conversation (✓)
- Writing
- Accepting

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8. **Imam Zuhri belonged to this region:**

- Damascus
- Iran
- Iraq
- Hejaz and Sham (✓)

9. **The author of Sahih Muslim is:**

- Imam Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Isma'il

- Imam Zuhri
- Imam Tirmidhi
- Imam Muslim bin Hajjaj (✓)

10. **"Al-Istibsar" is a book of this Fiqh:**

- Hanafi
- Hanbali
- Ja'fariyah (✓)
- Maliki

11. **The period during which no revelation was sent is called:**

- Fatrah al-Wahi (✓)

- Ruh al-Wahi
- Qit'ah al-Wahi
- Mu'attil al-Wahi

12. **"Tahdhib al-Ahkam" is a book of this Fiqh:**

- Hanafi
- Hanbali
- Ja'fariyah (✓)
- Maliki

**13. "Athar" and "Sunnah" are synonymous words for:**

- The Quran
- Inspiration
- Revelation
- (Hadith) (✓)

**14. The second source of Islam is:**

- The Quran
- (Sunnah) (✓)
- Ijma (Consensus)
- Qiyas (Analogy)

**15. The book of Hadith, Sahifah Sadiqah, was compiled by:**

- Abdullah bin Umar

- Ali ibn Abi Talib (‫)رضي هللا عنه‬
- Aisha (‫)رضي هللا عنها‬
- (Anas) (✓)

73
**16. Usul Arba'a are the four most authentic books of Hadith in:**

- (The Ja'fari school of thought) (✓)

- The Hanafi school of thought
- The Maliki school of thought
- The Shafi'i school of thought

**17. The meaning of the word "Niyyah" is:**

- (Intention from the heart) (✓)

- Reciting a prayer
- Paying attention
- Acting

**18. The place of Taqwa (piety) is:**

- The brain
- The body
- (The heart) (✓)
- The soul

**19. According to Hadith, what you like for yourself, like the same for your Muslim
brother:**

- Less than yourself

- (Equal to yourself) (✓)
- More than yourself
- Not at all

**20. The Arabic word used for moderation is:**

- Justice
- Faith
- Goodness
- (Iqtisad) (✓)

**21. According to Hadith, the means of increasing sustenance is:**

- Speaking the truth

- (Maintaining family ties) (✓)
- Respecting elders
- Showing kindness to children

**22. Reviving the Sunnah means:**

- Acknowledging the Sunnah

- Teaching the Sunnah
- (Practicing the Sunnah) (✓)
- Abandoning the Sunnah

**23. You can help an oppressor by:**

- Imprisoning him
- Punishing him
- Forgiving his oppression
- (Stopping him from committing oppression) (✓)

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**24. After an action in Islam, the practice emphasized for persistence is:**

- Offering prayer
- Fasting
- Performing Hajj
- (Remaining steadfast in faith) (✓)

**25. According to Hadith, lying and foul speech during fasting:**

- Breaks the fast

- Has no effect on the fast
- (Nullifies the reward of the fast) (✓)
- Reduces the reward of the fast

**26. Boasting about good deeds means:**

- Doing more good

- Offering more help
- (Boasting after doing good deeds) (✓)
- Expressing gratitude

**27. According to Hadith, the one who maintains silence is as though:**

- (Successful) (✓)
- Unsuccessful
- Speechless
- Nothing happens

**28. According to Hadith, religion is:**

- Earning
- Practicing
- (Goodwill) (✓)
- Knowledge

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**1. "Athar" and "Sunnah" are synonymous words for:**

- The Quran
- Inspiration
- Revelation
- (Hadith) (✓)

**2. The second source of Islam is:**

- The Quran
- (Sunnah) (✓)
- Ijma (Consensus)
- Qiyas (Analogy)

**3. The book of Hadith, Sahifah Sadiqah, was compiled by:**

- Abdullah bin Umar

- Ali ibn Abi Talib (‫)رضي هللا عنه‬
- Aisha (‫)رضي هللا عنها‬
- (Anas) (✓)

**4. Usul Arba'a are the four most authentic books of Hadith in:**

- (The Ja'fari school of thought) (✓)

- The Hanafi school of thought
- The Maliki school of thought
- The Shafi'i school of thought

**5. The meaning of the word "Niyyah" is:**

- (Intention from the heart) (✓)

- Reciting a prayer
- Paying attention
- Acting

**6. The place of Taqwa (piety) is:**

- The brain
- The body
- (The heart) (✓)
- The soul

**7. According to Hadith, what you like for yourself, like the same for your Muslim
brother:**

- Less than yourself

- (Equal to yourself) (✓)
- More than yourself
- Not at all

**8. The Arabic word used for moderation is:**

- Justice
- Faith
- Goodness
- (Iqtisad) (✓)

76
**9. According to Hadith, the means of increasing sustenance is:**

- Speaking the truth

- (Maintaining family ties) (✓)
- Respecting elders
- Showing kindness to children

**10. Reviving the Sunnah means:**

- Acknowledging the Sunnah

- Teaching the Sunnah
- (Practicing the Sunnah) (✓)
- Abandoning the Sunnah

**11. You can help an oppressor by:**

- Imprisoning him
- Punishing him
- Forgiving his oppression
- (Stopping him from committing oppression) (✓)

**12. After an action in Islam, the practice emphasized for persistence is:**

- Offering prayer
- Fasting
- Performing Hajj
- (Remaining steadfast in faith) (✓)

**13. According to Hadith, lying and foul speech during fasting:**

- Breaks the fast

- Has no effect on the fast
- (Nullifies the reward of the fast) (✓)
- Reduces the reward of the fast

**14. Boasting about good deeds means:**

- Doing more good

- Offering more help
- (Boasting after doing good deeds) (✓)
- Expressing gratitude

**15. According to Hadith, the one who maintains silence is as though:**

- (Successful) (✓)
- Unsuccessful
- Speechless
- Nothing happens

**16. According to Hadith, religion is:**

- Action
- Earning
- (Goodwill) (✓)
- Knowledge

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