Link learned concepts to the development of the
information age and its impact on society.
Evaluate contemporary human experience in
order to strengthen and enlighten the human
person functioning in society.
informare – to give form, shape, or character to something
Purpose :
❑ basis of communication
❑ convey representation of a reality
Structure :
agent sign thing
Johannes Gutenberg (15th century)
- German craftsman & inventor of
printing press
Pre-Gutenberg Era
❑ Information was hard to replicate and distribute.
❑ Transmission is mostly word-of-mouth.
❑ Only small number has access to information.
Pre-Gutenberg Era
❑ 3000 BC – Sumerian writing system used pictographs to
represent words.
❑ 2900 BC – Beginning of Egyptian hieroglyphic wring
❑ 1300 BC – Tortoise shell and oracle bone writing were used.
❑ 500 BC – Papyrus roll was used.
❑ 220 BC – Chinese small seal writing was developed.
❑ 100 AD – Book (parchment codex)
❑ 105 AD – Woodlock printing and paper was invented by the
Chinese.
Gutenberg Era
❑ 1455 – Gutenberg invented the printing press using movable
metal type.
❑ 1755 – Samuel Johnson’s dictionary standardized English
spelling.
❑ 1802 – The Library of Congress was established.
❑ 1830 – First viable design for a digital computer
- Augusta Lady Byron wrote the 1st computer program
❑ 1837 – Invention of the telegraph in Great Britain and the US
❑ 1861 – Motion pictures were projected onto a screen.
❑ 1876 – Dewey Decimal system was introduced.
❑ 1899 – First magnetic recordings were released.
Gutenberg Era
❑ 1902 – Motion picture special effects were used.
❑ 1906 – Lee DeForest invented the electronic amplifying tube
(triode).
❑ 1926 – First practical sound movie
❑ 1939 – Regularly scheduled TV broadcasting began in the US
❑ 1940s – Beginning of Information Science as a discipline
❑ 1945 – Vannevar Bush foresaw the invention of hypertext.
❑ 1946 – ENIAC computer was developed.
❑ 1948 – Birth of the field of Information Technology proposed by
Claude E. Shannon.
Post-Gutenberg Era
❑ 1958 – First integrated circuit
❑ 1960s – Library of Congress developed LC Marc (machine-
readable code)
❑ 1969 – UNIX operating system was developed, which could
handle multitasking.
❑ 1971 – Intel introduced the first microprocessor chip.
❑ 1972 – Optical laser disc was developed by Philips and MCA.
❑ 1975 – First Personal Computer for the public
Post-Gutenberg Era
❑ 1984 – Apple MacIntosh computer was introduced.
❑ Mid 1980s – Artificial Intelligence was separated from
Information Science.
❑ 1991 – Four hundred fifty complete works of literature on one
CD-ROM was released.
❑ January 1997 – RSA (encryption and network security software)
Internet security code cracked for a 48-bit number
Gutenberg Era
❑ invention of the printing press
❑ Mass distribution is possible but expensive.
❑ rise of information mediation institutions
❑ traditional media (books, newspapers, CDs,
news channels
Post-Gutenberg Era : Information Age
❑ invention of the computers and internet
❑ easy mass distribution through online media
❑ rise of social networks and crowd sourcing
❑ Because of the abundance of information, it was difficult
to collect and manage them starting in the late 1960s and
early 1970s.
❑ 1980s – Richard Wurman called it “Information Anxiety”
– the widening gap between what we understand and
what we think we should understand
❑ 1990s – Information became the currency in the
business world.
❑ present – Information has turned out to be a commodity,
an overdeveloped product, mass-produced, and
unspecialized
Information Age affected the scientific community. With
the availability of computers and internet, vast amount of
information is readily available in just a click.
Researchers and scientists can now easily share their
experimental results and recommendations, access and store
Information.
The availability of wide range of information at hand also
entails the call for responsible generation of information and
proper citation and recognition of authors and publishers.
Words are so powerful that they can either make or break
people and relationship.
It is undeniable that our social media has shaped recent
events. It does not only update us of current events but can
also provoke us.
Indeed, such acts have legal implications under Philippine
laws.
If truthful news is available, so does fake news. Pew
Research Center showed that for people under 30, online
news is becoming more popular than TV news while those
people under 50 get half of their news online and the rest on
TV.
Sometimes it is easier and more convenient for people to
share the fake news than to actually go over the information
and evaluate for its reliability.
One more factor that contributes to rapid dissemination of
fake news is confirmation bias.
1. Vet the publisher’s credibility.
❑ Would the publishing site meet the academic citation standards?
❑ What is the domain name?
❑ What is the publication’s point of view?
❑ Who is the author?
2. Pay attention to quality and timelines.
Notice spelling errors and dramatic punctuations from the
article. Check if the story is current or recycled.
3. Check the sources and citations.
❑ How did you find the article?
❑ Who is (or is not) quoted, and what do they say?
❑ Is the information available on other sites?
❑ Can you perform reverse researches and images?
