1. Define program and software with example.
➢ Registry Cleaners
A set of instructions to instruct to the computer hardware is known as 4. Differentiate between system software and application software.
program. System Software Application Software
The collections of one or more related programs to perform specific tasks It is designed to manage and It is designed to help users to
is known as software. control the computer and provide perform their specific task.
2. What is operating system ? Explain with example. a environment to run application
Operating system can be defined as the system software that manages and software.
controls the overall operations of computer system. Usually run in the background Directly interacted with users to
On the basis of user, it is of two types: with the minimal direct perform specific task.
interaction from users.
i. Single User OS: A single-user operating system is designed for one user
Typically installed when the OS is Installed as per the user
to access the computer system at a time. It allows only one user to perform
setup. requirements.
tasks and run applications, making it simpler and easier to manage
It directly impacts the overall It impacts the performance of
compared to multi-user systems. These operating systems are often used performance of computer system. specific tasks and application but
in personal computing environments. Examples are: MS-DOS not the entire system.
ii. Multi-User OS: A multi-user operating system allows multiple users to Examples: OS, Device driver, Example: Microsoft office, Adobe
access the computer's resources simultaneously. This type of OS is more Utility programs, etc. photoshop, web browser, etc.
complex because it needs to ensure that resources are efficiently and 5. What is language translator ? Explain the types of language
securely managed among different users. Examples are: Linux, Unix, translator.
Windows server. A language translator is a system software that converts the code written
On the basis of interface also it is of two types: in one programming language into Machine language.
i. CUI: A CUI allows users to interact with the computer by typing The types of language translator are explained below:
commands into a console or terminal. CUIs are efficient for experienced Compiler: A compiler translates the entire source code of a high-level
users who can quickly type commands. Examples are: MS-DOS, programming language (such as C, C++, or Java) into machine code (binary
Linux/Unix shell. code) before execution. The output of this process is usually a binary
ii. GUI: A GUI allows users to interact with the computer through graphical executable file that can be directly executed by the computer's hardware.
icons and visual indicators. It is more intuitive and user-friendly, making Features are:
it accessible to a wider range of users. Examples are: Windows-7, ➢ It provides fastest method of translating a program.
Windows-8, MAC OS, etc… ➢ Debugging can be complex and time consuming.
3. List out some utility software.. ➢ It creates the object code for future references. So, the translation is not
Some utility software are listed below: required every time the program is used.
➢ Antivirus Software ➢ Programming language like C, C++, JAVA, COBOL, etc… uses the compiler.
➢ Disk Cleanup Tools Interpreter: An interpreter translates high-level programming language
➢ Backup Software code into machine code line-by-line or statement-by-statement and executes
➢ File Compression Tools it immediately. Since the interpreter needs to evaluate the program letter by
➢ Disk Defragmenters letter, then word by word and then line by line, its speed is incredibly slow.
➢ System Monitors Features are:
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➢ Debugging is easier and faster. Utility software maintain the computer system by providing tools for disk
➢ It is usually a small program and requires less memory space. management, system performance monitoring, backup and recovery,
➢ Most of the new programming used an interpreter. security, file management, and also it ensures that computer systems
➢ Programming language like: BASIC, Visual Basic, C#, etc. use an operate efficiently, securely, and reliably.
interpreter. 10. What is application software? Write the features of application
software.
Assembler: An assembler translates the code written in assembly language
Application software can be defined as the software that is designed to
into the machine language. It is suitable for system-level programming and
solve the specific problem of the user and make the user’s task easier.
hardware control. It also generates diagnostic error message.
The features of application software are:
Features are:
➢ User friendly Interface.
➢ Speed of translations process is fast.
➢ Task specific functionality
➢ Assembler allows for efficient and optimized code execution.
➢ Productivity enhancement
6. What open-source software? Give examples.
➢ Data management and storage.
Open-source software is a software whose source code is freely available
➢ Regular updates and supports.
on the internet that anyone can modify, inspect and enhance. Examples
➢ Cross-platform availability.
are: Linux, Android, Libre office, Mozilla Firefox, VLC Media player, Flutter
➢ User support and documentation.
etc.
11. Write differences between the complier & interpreter
7. Write importance of computer software in computer system.
Interpreter Compiler
Its importance in computer system are:
It translate one line of a program It translate the whole program
➢ To facilitates Hardware functionality. into object code at a time. into object code at a time.
➢ To manages file, process and memory in the system. The translation process is slower The translation process is
➢ To enable user interaction. incredibly faster.
➢ To support Productivity and Task management. It doesn’t save the object code. It save the object code for future
➢ To provide security and protection to the system. reference.
➢ To do customization of the system. It doesn’t generate .exe file from It generate .exe file from source
8. Write the main functions of operating system (OS). source code. code.
The main functions of Operating system are given below: 12. Difference between open-source software and free software.
➢ Process management Open-Source Software Free Software
➢ Memory management
➢ Input/Output management Focuses on the availability of the Emphasizes the user's freedom to
source code. use, modify, and distribute.
➢ File management
Source code can be viewed, modified, The software can be freely used,
➢ Providing security
and distributed by anyone. modified, and shared.
➢ Providing environment to run Application software.
Often associated with collaborative Promotes ethical considerations
➢ Providing user interface. development and transparency. and user rights.
9. What is utility software? How does it maintain computer system? Examples include Linux, Apache, and Examples include GNU Project,
Utility software can be defined as the software designed to help, analyze, Mozilla Firefox. LibreOffice, and GIMP.
configure, optimize, and maintain the computer system.
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• Manage inventory automatically.
13. List two types of computer software. • Create digital bills quickly and easily
• System Software • Record customer details for loyalty programs
• Application Software • Analyze profits and losses
14. Define system software. 21. Determine which type of mobile app would be best for an online
System software is a type of software designed to manage and control shopping platform.
computer hardware and provide a platform for running application Native mobile app would be best for an online shopping platform because
software. Examples include operating systems and device drivers. they offer easy browsing, secure payments, and quick order tracking also
15. Define the role of an operating system in computer. because of following reasons:
The role of an operating system in computer is to provide an interface • It’s fast and smooth because it’s built specially for one device (like
between the user and the hardware also It controls memory, processes, Android or iOS)
files, and input/output devices. • It can use phone features like the camera, GPS, and notifications
16. Name four examples of application software. • It gives a better shopping experience to customers
• Microsoft Word 22. Compare and contrast open source and proprietary software in
• Adobe Photoshop terms of customization and cost.
• Google Chrome
• VLC Media Player Open Source Software Proprietary Software
17. How does a utility software support system operation? Users can access and modify the Source code is hidden; only the
Utility software support system operation by maintaining, analyzing and source code as needed. company can change it.
optimizing the performance of a computer and perform the task like virus Highly customizable to fit specific Limited or no customization
scanning, disk cleanup, file compression, and data backup. user or business needs. options available.
18. Why is software essential for computer functionality? Usually free to use, with no licensing Often comes with a cost – either
Software is essential for computer functionality because it instructs the costs. one-time or subscription-based.
hardware on what to do and how to do enabling it to perform useful tasks Supported by a global community of Comes with official customer
and interact with users. developers. support from the company.
19. Explain the concept of proprietary software in your own words. Encourages innovation & Users must follow strict
Proprietary software is software that is owned by an individual or collaboration through shared code. licensing rules; cannot share or
company. Its source code is not shared with the public, and users must modify freely.
often pay to use it and follow strict licensing rules. Examples include
Windows OS and Microsoft Office. 23. Assess the advantages and disadvantages of using packaged software
20. How would you apply tailored software to improve business in a large organization. Examine the importance of language
processes in a retail store? translators in system software.
Tailored software, also called custom software, is specially designed to Packaged software is a ready-made program designed for general use,
meet the unique needs of a specific business. In following ways we’ll apply sold to many users (like Microsoft Office or Tally).
tailored software to improve business processes in retail store: Advantages
• Track sales in real time • Easy to use because of user-friendly interface
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• Cheaper than building custom software. h) A translator that converts human-readable language into machine
• Quick availability to install and use immediately. language.: Language Translator
• Regular updates Provided by the software vendor. i) A program that helps clean unnecessary or temporary files from the
• Used by many people, so major bugs are usually fixed. system.: Disk Cleanup Tool
Disadvantages j) Software created & maintained by a company that restricts modifications.:
• Lack of customization. Proprietary Software
• Unnecessary features May you don’t need, making it slow or k) Software that is free to use and also allows access to the source code.:
confusing. Open Source Software
• Licensing limits may you need to buy extra licenses for more users. l) General-purpose software sold to many users to perform standard
• For updates and support you have to depend on vendor. functions: Packaged Software
Language translators are essential in system software because they help to m) Software created for a specific business or individual to meet exact
convert the programs written by humans (in high-level languages like Python needs.: Tailored Software (Custom Software)
or C++) into machine language that computers can understand. Without n) System software that runs and manages the entire system.: OS
language translators, computers wouldn’t understand the instructions given o) Software that provides an interface between the user and a computer. : OS
by programmers. it act like a bridge between humans and machines, making p) Software used to view and manage files and folders.: File Management
software run smoothly on hardware. Software
It is of three types: q) An example of utility software that monitors system performance.:
a) Compiler – Converts the whole program into machine code at once. System Monitor
b) Interpreter – Converts the program one line at a time during execution. r) Special kind of software used to improve computer security.: Antivirus
c) Assembler – Converts assembly language into machine language. Software
s) Software that runs inside a web browser. Web Application
Technical Terms t) Mobile Application that only runs on specific hardware: Native Apps
a) A set of instructions written to perform a specific task by the computer. u) User oriented Software: Application Software
Program v) Hardware oriented software: System Software
b) A collection of related programs designed to perform a specific function.:
Software
c) Software used to control and manage hardware and basic system
operations.: System Software
d) Software that allows users to perform specific personal or business
tasks.: Application Software
e) Software that allows more than one user to access a computer at the same
time.: Multi-user Operating System
f) Software installed to allow the computer to communicate with hardware
devices.: Device Driver
g) Software installed to make backups of data to avoid loss.: Backup
Software
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