DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGY
QUESTION BANK 2024-25 – AHS COMMON (SEMESTER II)
(Note: Please draw flowcharts and diagrams wherever necessary)
LONG ESSAY QUESTIONS (15 marks each)
1. Define necrosis. Describe its types with suitable examples. Add a note on autolysis.
2. Define inflammation. Describe the sequential vascular changes of acute inflammation.
3. Define thrombosis. Discuss the etiopathogenesis and fate of thrombus.
4. Define and classify embolism. Describe the types and sequel of embolism.
5. Define and classify shock. Discuss the pathogenesis of septic shock.
6. Write in detail about routine Urine examination.
7. Define and classify neoplasia. Discuss/tabulate the differences between benign and
malignant tumour.
8. Define neoplasia. Describe the routes of spread of malignant tumours.
9. Classify carcinogens. Enumerate the types of carcinogens and describe in detail
chemical carcinogenesis.
10. Define and classify Anemia. Write about iron deficiency anemia.
11. Define anemia. Write notes on megaloblastic anemia.
SHORT NOTES (5 marks each)
1. Describe the leukocyte/cellular events in acute inflammation
2. Hypertrophy
3. Hyperplasia
4. Atrophy
5. Metaplasia
6. Causes of cell injury
7. Types of necrosis
8. Coagulative necrosis
9. Liquefactive necrosis
10. Caseous necrosis
11. Fat necrosis
12. What is gangrene? Elicit the differences between dry and wet gangrene.
13. Apoptosis
14. Types of calcifications with examples.
15. Causes of acute inflammation.
16. Differences between transudate and exudate
17. Phagocytosis
18. Morphological types/patterns of acute inflammatory reaction.
19. Causes of chronic inflammation.
20. Chronic granulomatous inflammation
21. Air embolism / Caisson disease / decompression sickness
22. Infarction. Etiology and effects of infarct.
23. Define Shock. Write the classification and pathogenesis of shock.
24. Tabulate the differences between hypersensitivity reactions.
25. Systemic lupus erythematosus
26. Write the general features of Autoimmune diseases.
27. Write in detail about routine Urine examination.
28. Write about examination of body fluids.
29. CSF examination.
30. List the differences between Innate and Adaptive immunity.
31. Modes of spread of tumour.
32. Physical carcinogenesis
33. Chemical carcinogenesis
34. Microbial agents of carcinogenesis
35. Iron deficiency anemia
36. Megaloblastic anemia
37. What is bleeding time and clotting time?
38. What is prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)?
39. Blood grouping.
40. Cross matching
41. Blood transfusion reactions.
ULTRA SHORT NOTES (2 marks each)
1. Fatty liver and its pathogenesis
2. Special stains for fat
3. Gangrene
4. Apoptosis
5. Mention types of calcifications
6. Dystrophic calcification with examples
7. Metastatic calcification with examples
8. Describe the leukocyte/cellular events in acute inflammation
9. Chemical mediators of inflammation
10. Cardinal signs of inflammation
11. Differences between transudate and exudate
12. Differences between Acute and Chronic inflammation
13. Chemical mediators of inflammation
14. Outcomes of acute inflammation
15. Morphological types/patterns of acute inflammation
16. Causes of chronic inflammation
17. Chronic granulomatous inflammation
18. Define granuloma
19. Granulation tissue
20. What is sinus?
21. What is fistula?
22. Define edema.
23. Virchow’s triad
24. Fate of thrombus.
25. Types of emboli
26. Define immunity.
27. List two systemic and organ specific autoimmune diseases.
28. List the names of manual chemical tests done in urine examination.
29. List two points each for the physical, chemical and microscopic examination of stool.
30. Innate immunity
31. Adaptive immunity
32. Histological features of malignant cell.
33. Causes for anemia.
34. Give normal hemoglobin range in males and females.
35. Name two blood grouping systems.
36. Classify transfusion reactions.
