Name:Aiman rida

Programme:bsc(Hons):Optometry
Course code:18AHG101A
Course title:Healthcare delivery system in India
Semester/batch:1/2021
Course leader:Avinash V Prabu

1-17 SDGs.
Goal 1:-No poverty
Your active engagement in policy making can make a
difference in addressing poverty. It ensures that your rights
are promoted and that your voice is heard, that
intergenerational knowledge is shared, and that innovation
and critical thinking are encouraged at all ages to support
transformational change in people’s lives and communities.
Governments can help create an enabling environment to
generate productive employment and job opportunities for
the poor and the marginalized. The private sector has a major
role to play in determining whether the growth it creates is
inclusive and contributes to poverty reduction. It can
promote economic opportunities for the poor. The
contribution of science to end poverty has been significant.
For example, it has enabled access to safe drinking water,
reduced deaths caused by water-borne diseases, and
improved hygiene to reduce health risks related to unsafe
drinking water and lack of sanitation.
Goal 2:-Zero Hunger
You can make changes in your own life—at home, at work
and in the community—by supporting local farmers or
markets and making sustainable food choices, supporting
good nutrition for all, and fighting food waste. You can also
use your power as a consumer and voter, demanding
businesses and governments make the choices and changes
that will make Zero Hunger a reality. Join the conversation,
whether on social media platforms or in your local
communities.
Goal 3:-Good Health & Wellbeing
You can start by promoting and protecting your own health
and the health of those around you, by making well-informed
choices, practicing safe sex, and vaccinating your children.
You can raise awareness in your community about the
importance of good health, healthy lifestyles, as well as
peoples’ rights to quality health care services -especially for
the most vulnerable, such as women and children. You can
also hold your government, local leaders, and other decision
makers accountable to their commitments to improve
people’s access to health and health care.
Goal 4:-Quality Education
Ask our governments to place education as a priority in both
policy and practice. Lobby our governments to make firm
commitments to provide free primary school education to all,
including vulnerable or marginalized groups.
Goal 5:-Gender equality and women’s empowerment
If you are a girl, you can stay in school, help empower your
female classmates to do the same, and fight for your right to
access sexual and reproductive health services. If you are a
woman, you can address unconscious biases and implicit
associations that form an unintended and often an invisible
barrier to equal opportunity. If you are a man or a boy, you
can work alongside women and girls to achieve gender
equality and embrace healthy, respectful relationships. You
can fund education campaigns to curb cultural practices like
female genital mutilation and change harmful laws that limit
the rights of women and girls and prevent them from
achieving their full potential.
Goal 6:-Clean Water & Sanitation
Civil society organizations should work to keep governments
accountable, invest in water research and development, and
promote the inclusion of women, youth, and indigenous
communities in water resources governance. Generating
awareness of these roles and turning them into action will
lead to win-win results and increased sustainability and
integrity for both human and ecological systems. You can
also get involved in the World Water Day and World Toilet
Day campaigns that aim to provide information and
inspiration to take action on hygiene issues.
Goal 7:-Affordable & Clean Energy
Countries can accelerate the transition to an affordable,
reliable, and sustainable energy system by investing in
renewable energy resources, prioritizing energy efficient
practices, and adopting clean energy technologies and
infrastructure. Businesses can maintain and protect
ecosystems and commit to sourcing 100% of operational
electricity needs from renewable sources. Employers can
reduce the internal demand for transport by prioritizing
telecommunications and incentivize less energy intensive
modes such as train travel over auto and air travel. Investors
can invest more in sustainable energy services, bringing new
technologies to the market quickly from a diverse supplier
base. You can save electricity by plugging appliances into a
power strip and turning them off completely when not in
use, including your computer. You can also bike, walk, or take
public transport to reduce carbon emissions.
Goal 8:-Decent Work & Economic GrowthHunger
Providing youth with the best opportunity to transition to a
decent job calls for investing in education and training of the
highest possible quality, providing youth with skills that
match labour market demands, giving them access to social
protection and basic services regardless of their contract
type, as well as levelling the playing field. This way all aspiring
youth can attain productive employment regardless of their
gender, income level, or socio-economic background.
Governments can work to build dynamic, sustainable,
innovative, and people-centered economies In particular,
they may promote youth employment and women’s
economic empowerment, as well as decent work for all.
Implementing adequate health and safety measures and
promoting supportive working environments are
fundamental to protecting the safety of workers; especially
health workers and those providing essential services.
Goal 9:-Industry, Innovation, & Infrastructure
Establish standards and promote regulations that ensure
company projects and initiatives are sustainably managed.
Collaborate with NGOs and the public sector to help promote
sustainable growth within developing countries. Think about
how industry impacts on your life and well-being and use
social media to push for policymakers to prioritize the SDGs.
Goal 10:-Reduced Inequalities
Reducing inequality requires transformative change. Greater
efforts are needed to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger,
and invest more in health, education, social protection, and
decent jobs - especially for young people, migrants and
refugees and other vulnerable communities. Within
countries, it is important to empower and promote inclusive
social and economic growth. We can ensure equal
opportunity and reduce inequalities of income if we
eliminate discriminatory laws, policies, and practices. Among
countries, we need to ensure that developing countries are
better represented in decision-making on global issues so
that solutions can be more effective, credible, and
accountable. Governments and other stakeholders can also
promote safe, regular, and responsible migration, including
through planned and well-managed policies for the millions
of people who have left their homes seeking better lives due
to war, discrimination, poverty, lack of opportunity, and
other drivers of migration.
Goal 11:-Sustainable Cities
Take an active interest in the governance and management
of your city. Advocate for the kind of city you believe you
need. Develop a vision for your building, street, and
neighbourhood, and act on that vision. Are there enough
jobs? Can your children walk to school safely? Can you walk
with your family at night? How far is the nearest public
transport? What’s the air quality like? What are your shared
public spaces like? The better the conditions you create in
your community, the greater the effect on quality of life.
Goal 12:-Responsible Consumption & Production
There are two main ways to help: 1. Reducing your waste and
2. Being thoughtful about what you buy and choosing a
sustainable option whenever possible. Ensure you don’t
throw away food, and reduce your consumption of plastic -
one of the main pollutants of the ocean. Carrying a reusable
bag, refusing to use plastic straws, and recycling plastic
bottles are good ways to do your part every day. Making
informed purchases also helps. For example, the textile
industry today is the second largest polluter of clean water
after agriculture, and many fashion companies exploit textile
workers in the developing world. If you can buy from
sustainable and local sources, you can make a difference as
well as exercising pressure on businesses to adopt
sustainable practices.
Goal 13:-Climate Action
There are lots of ways to help, for example: Weatherize your
home and power it with renewable energy, invest in energy-
efficient appliances, reduce water waste, eat the food you
buy and make less of it meat, buy better bulbs, pull the plugs,
drive a full-efficient vehicle, rethink planes, trains and
automobiles, and shrink your carbon profile.
Goal 14:-Life Below Water
For open ocean and deep sea areas, sustainability can be
achieved only through increased international cooperation to
protect vulnerable habitats. Establishing comprehensive,
effective, and equitably managed systems of government-
protected areas should be pursued to conserve biodiversity
and ensure a sustainable future for the fishing industry. On a
local level, we should make ocean-friendly choices when
buying products or eating food derived from oceans and
consume only what we need. Selecting certified products is a
good place to start. We should eliminate plastic usage as
much as possible and organize beach clean-ups. Most
importantly, we can spread the message about how
important marine life is and why we need to protect it.
Goal 15:-Life on Land
Some things we can do to help include recycling, eating a
local-based diet that is sustainably sourced, and consuming
only what we need. We must be respectful toward wildlife
and only take part in ecotourism opportunities that are
responsibly and ethically run in order to prevent wildlife
disturbance. Well-managed protected areas support healthy
ecosystems, which in turn keep people healthy. It is therefore
critical to secure the involvement of the local communities in
the development and management of these protected areas.
As a result, startups that can demonstrate scalable
reforestation strategies or other terrestrial ecosystems
preservation technologies are of huge interest to
governments and industry alike, each of which are eager to
identify investment strategies that can prove to be
sustainable from both an environmental and financial
perspective.
Goal 16:-Peace, Justice & Strong Institutions
Exercise your right to hold your elected officials accountable.
Exercise your right to freedom of information and share your
opinion with your elected representatives. Promote inclusion
and respect towards people of different ethnic origins,
religions, gender, sexual orientations, or different opinions.
Together, we can help to improve conditions for a life of
dignity for all
Goal 17:-Partnerships
Join or create a group in your local community that seeks to
mobilize action on the implementation of the SDGs.
Encourage your governments to partner with businesses for
the implementation of the SDGs.

[Link] OF SDGs.
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also known as the
Global Goals, were adopted by the United Nations in 2015 as a
universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet, and
ensure that by 2030 all people enjoy peace and prosperity.
The 17 SDGs are integrated—they recognize that action in one
area will affect outcomes in others, and that development must
balance social, economic and environmental sustainability.
Countries have committed to prioritize progress for those who're
furthest behind. The SDGs are designed to end poverty, hunger,
AIDS, and discrimination against women and girls.
The creativity, knowhow, technology and financial resources
from all of society is necessary to achieve the SDGs in every
context.

[Link] OF SDGs ADOPTION IN INDIA.

India slips two spots on 17 Sustainable Development Goals

adopted as 2030
New Delhi: India's rank has slipped by two places from last year
to 117 on the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted
as a part of the 2030 agenda by 193 United Nations member
states in 2015, a new report has said.
The State of India's Environment Report 2021 revealed that
India's rank was 115 last year and dropped by two places
primarily because major challenges like ending hunger and
achieving food security (SDG 2), achieving gender equality (SDG
5) and building resilient infrastructure, promoting inclusive and
sustainable industrialisation and fostering innovation (SDG 9)
remain in the country.
India ranks below four South Asian countries -- Bhutan, Nepal,
Sri Lanka and Bangladesh, it said. The overall SDG score of India
is 61.9 out of 100.
Elaborating state-wise preparedness, the report said Jharkhand
and Bihar are the least prepared to meet the SDGs by 2030, which
is the target year. While Jharkhand lags in five of the SDGs,
Bihar lags in seven.
It said the states/UTs with the best overall score which are on the
path to achieving the SDGs are Kerala, Himachal Pradesh and
Chandigarh.
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, was adopted by
all United Nations Member States in 2015, which provides a
shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the
planet, now and into the future.
There are 17 SDGs which are an urgent call for action by all
countries - developed and developing - in a global partnership.
The 17 SDGs adopted by UN member states are SDG1- no
poverty, SDG 2-zero hunger, SDG3-good health and well-being,
SDG4- quality education, SDG 5- gender equality, SDG 6- clean
water and sanitation, SDG 7- affordable and clean energy, SDG 8
– decent work and economic growth, SDG 9- industry, innovation
and infrastructure , SDG 10 – reduced inequalities, SDG 11-
sustainable cities and communities, SDG 12- responsible
consumption and production, SDG 13- climate action, SDG 14-
life below water, SDG 15- life on land, SDG 16- peace, justice
and strong institutions and lastly SDG 17- strengthening global
partnerships for the goals.
The report also said that India ranked 168 out of 180 countries in
terms of Environmental Performance Index (EPI) which is
calculated on various indicators, including environmental health,
climate, air pollution, sanitation and drinking water, ecosystem
services, biodiversity, etc.
India's rank was 172 in the environmental health category, which
is an indicator of how well countries are protecting their
populations from environmental health risks.
According to the EPI 2020 report by Yale University, India
ranked 148, 21 positions behind Pakistan which was at 127th
position in the category of biodiversity and habitat which assesses
countries' actions toward retaining natural ecosystems and
protecting the full range of biodiversity within their borders.
SDGs adoptions:- The 70th Session of the United Nations (UN)
General Assembly held on 25th September 2015 adopted the
document titled "Transforming our World: the 2030 Agenda for
Sustainable Development" consisting of 17 Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) and associated 169 targets.