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Module2 Trigonometry Basics

Module 2 covers the fundamentals of trigonometry, including trigonometric ratios, the unit circle, Pythagorean identities, and angle sum/difference formulas. It emphasizes the importance of mastering basic ratios and identities, using the unit circle for reference, and understanding the graphs of trigonometric functions. Practice problems and solutions are provided to reinforce learning.

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46 views3 pages

Module2 Trigonometry Basics

Module 2 covers the fundamentals of trigonometry, including trigonometric ratios, the unit circle, Pythagorean identities, and angle sum/difference formulas. It emphasizes the importance of mastering basic ratios and identities, using the unit circle for reference, and understanding the graphs of trigonometric functions. Practice problems and solutions are provided to reinforce learning.

Uploaded by

johnkunnil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Module 2: Trigonometry Basics

2.1 Introduction to Trigonometry


Trigonometry studies relationships between angles and sides of triangles. It is essential
for geometry, physics, engineering, and calculus.

2.2 Trigonometric Ratios


In a right-angled triangle:
- sin(θ) = opposite / hypotenuse
- cos(θ) = adjacent / hypotenuse
- tan(θ) = opposite / adjacent
- csc(θ) = 1/sin(θ)
- sec(θ) = 1/cos(θ)
- cot(θ) = 1/tan(θ)

Example:
In a triangle where the opposite side = 3, adjacent side = 4, hypotenuse = 5:
sin(θ) = 3/5, cos(θ) = 4/5, tan(θ) = 3/4

2.3 The Unit Circle


A circle of radius 1 centered at the origin in the coordinate plane.
- Coordinates: (cos(θ), sin(θ))
- Common angles: 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°, etc.

2.4 Pythagorean Identities


- sin²(θ) + cos²(θ) = 1
- 1 + tan²(θ) = sec²(θ)
- 1 + cot²(θ) = csc²(θ)

2.5 Angle Sum and Difference Formulas


- sin(A ± B) = sinAcosB ± cosAsinB
- cos(A ± B) = cosAcosB ∓ sinAsinB
- tan(A ± B) = (tanA ± tanB) / (1 ∓ tanA tanB)

Example:
cos(75°) = cos(45° + 30°)
= cos45°cos30° - sin45°sin30°
= (√2/2)(√3/2) - (√2/2)(1/2)
= (√6 - √2)/4

2.6 Graphs of Trigonometric Functions


- Sine: y = sin(x), period = 2π
- Cosine: y = cos(x), period = 2π
- Tangent: y = tan(x), period = π

2.7 Inverse Trigonometric Functions


- arcsin, arccos, arctan
Used to find angles from trigonometric values.

Example:
If sin(θ) = 0.5, then θ = arcsin(0.5) = 30° (in principal range).

2.8 Common Pitfalls


- Forgetting angle units (degrees vs radians)
- Not restricting range for inverse trig functions
- Mixing up ratios

2.9 Practice Problems


Q1: Find sin(θ), cos(θ), tan(θ) for a right triangle with sides 5, 12, 13.
Q2: Use sum formulas to find sin(75°).
Q3: Solve for θ: tan(θ) = √3, 0° ≤ θ < 360°.
Q4: Verify: 1 + cot²(θ) = csc²(θ).

2.10 Solutions
A1: sin = 5/13, cos = 12/13, tan = 5/12
A2: sin(75°) = sin(45°+30°) = (√2/2)(√3/2) + (√2/2)(1/2) = (√6 + √2)/4
A3: θ = 60°, 240°
A4: Start with cot²(θ) = cos²/sin², so 1 + cot²(θ) = (sin²+cos²)/sin² = 1/sin² = csc²(θ)

2.11 Summary
- Master basic ratios and identities
- Use the unit circle for reference
- Apply sum/difference formulas
- Graph trig functions and know their periods

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