LIQUID COOLED WET
DISC BRAKES
SPICER OFF-HIGHWAY PRODUCTS
Liquid Cooled Wet Disc Brakes
Spicer Off-Highway Products Division solidified its reputation for quality and innovation with the
introduction of its Liquid Cooled Wet Disc Brake Systems in the early 1980’s. We have been recognized
throughout the world as a leader in the development of transmissions, torque converters, brakes and
axles for the off-road industry.
With the ongoing dedication to provide our customers with nothing but the best, Spicer Off-Highway
Products Division is pleased to offer three different Liquid Cooled Brake Product lines.
Every product within each line has been designed, tested and manufactured to offer a unique combi-
nation of quality, innovation, durability and exceptional performance.
All of Liquid Cooled Wet Disc Brake systems:
• Are completely enclosed for maximum protection from the elements, a feature that makes them ideal for
use in contaminated environments.
• Have been designed to maintain high levels of torque braking power, which typically outlasts the normal life
of the machine.
• Feature housings and hydraulic actuation systems that are greatly simplified: fewer working parts eliminate
the need for separate braking systems and offer reduced downtime due to easy vehicle maintenance.
• Feature high temperature sealing elements that handle severe applications and provide extra margin for
emergency situations.
• Feature a cooling surface that enables heat dissipation via oil coolant fluids, either in the wheel end or
through an external cooling system.
• Have been extensively tested in the lab and in field to ensure reliable extended service.
Liquid Cooled Brakes (LCB)
Spicer Off-Highway Products Division’s introduction of the LCB product line marked the company’s emer-
gence into the liquid cooled wet disc brake market. With this design, brake torque is controlled by varying the
hydraulic pressure to the brake piston. Brake force is applied through the brake piston directly to the wheel hub
friction discs. Larger brake models have mechanical slack adjusters to limit piston return stroke, thereby
minimizing vehicle actuation volume requirements.
The LCB 24200 and LCB 26200 are designed specifically for the articulated truck market. These brakes are
designed with special piston return springs and large oil cooling ports to handle relatively high speed applica-
tions.
POSI-STOP™
Spicer Off-Highway Products Division’s POSI-STOP Liquid Cooled Brake is a spring applied hydraulic re-
lease brake that provides the durability of an oil-immersed enclosed brake with the positive stopping action
achieved by spring applied force. Brake force is applied through multiple coil springs directly to the wheel hub
friction disc under decreasing hydraulic hold-off pressure conditions. In the event of loss of hydraulic power,
immediate braking application occurs.
Inboard Liquid Cooled Brakes
These brakes have hydraulic apply systems for optimal service. The brake plates are located in the center
section of the axle. Brake torque is applied to the axle shaft, then to planetary gears, and finally to the wheel
hub. Because the brake torque goes through the planetary gears, braking torque is multiplied by the planetary
ratio.
Liquid Cooled Wet Disc Brake
Product Line
Brake Torque Per Wheel (Lb. In.)
(Thousands)
Lb. In.(000) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600
N-m (000) (0) (11,3) (22,6) (33,9) (45,2) (56,5) (67,8) (79,1) (90,4) (101,7) (113,0) (124,3) (135,6) (146,9) (158,2) (169,5) (180,8)
CAT I
CAT II
CAT III
33R (2 Plate)
37R (3 Plate)
43R (4 Plate)
LCB 13200
LCB 16200
LCB 24100
LCB 26201
LCB 26100
LCB 26200
LCB 35200
POSI-STOP 13150
POSI-STOP 16150
POSI-STOP 25150
Recommended Actuation and Cooling Fluids
Only the following generic type of fluids are recommended by Spicer Off-Highway Products Division’s Engineering for use
in Series I, II & III wheel end liquid cooled brakes. Specific brand names will vary in formulation and may affect brake
performance.
Actuation Fluids
• THF (Tractor Hydraulic Fluid) & UTTO (Universal Tractor • Motor Oil API (American Petrolium Institute) CH 4/SJ
Transmission Oils) • Oil meeting MIL-PRF-2104G
• Hydraulic Oils meeting V-104C and 35VQ25 • Water/Oil Invert Emulsion FRF (Fire Resistant Fluid)
• ATF meeting ATD ( Allison Tranmission Division) C-4 • Water/Glycol (FRF)
• Dexron® • Organic Esters (FRF)
*Automotive brake fluids are not approved.
Cooling Fluids
The preferred forced cooling oil in Spicer Off-Highway Products Division’s liquid cooled brakes is a Tractor Hydraulic Fluid
(THF, UTTO) with a viscosity of SAE 10W or 15W20. Cat TO-4 oils are not recommended for use in brakes.
• THF & UTTO (Tractor Hydraulic Fluids) • Oil meeting MIL-PRF-2104G
• ATF meeting ATD C-4 • Water/Oil Invert Emulsion for brake temperatures
• Dexron III® less than 160°F (FRF)
• Hydraulic oils meeting V-104C and 35VQ25 • Polyesters (FRF)
*Phosphate esters (FRF) and water/glycol (FRF) are not approved.
*Use of high viscosity oils may damage brake friction materials.
1
Liquid Cooled Brake Data
BRAKE SERIES SERIES I SERIES II SERIES III
MODEL LCB 13200 LCB16200 LCB 24100 LCB26201 LCB 26100 LCB 26200 LCB 36200
Number of Plates 3 6 4 6 6 6 6
Brake Torque Capacity (a) Lb.In. 165,000 330,000 550,000 550,000 825,000 825,000 1,500,000
Fluid Displacement Min/Max Cu.In. 6.5/9.7 10.7/16 30/44 3.7/23 8.75/61 4.4/37 25/47
Maximum Brake Pressure Psi 2000 2000 1000 2000 1000 2000 2000
Piston Residual Max. Psi 5 5 2 4 2 4 7
Maximum Cooling Pressure Psi 10 10 10 10 10 10 15
Maximum Coolant Flow Gpm 2 3 10 10 10 10 20
Approximate Weight Lb. 280 330 320 450 375 450 933
Axle Models 14D2149 16D2149 19D3847 19D3847 19D3847 25D8860
16D2149 19D2748 19D4354 19D4354 19D4354
HAULER
21D3847 AXLE 21D3847 21D3847
21D4354 BRAKES 21D4354 21D4354
53R300 53R312 16T2149
48R300 48R300 53R300
21D5568 48R300
53R300
(a) Torque capacity using API GL5 gear lube
(b) See attached curves for Energy Absorption Capacity.
POSI-STOP Brake Data
BRAKE SERIES SERIES I SERIES II
MODEL PS13150 PS16150 PS25150
Number of Plates 3 6 5
Brake Torque Capacity - New Lb.In. 177,000 357,000 630,000
Service Point Lb.In. 157,000 275,000 520,000
Fluid Displacement Cu.In. 10 12.5 18
Minimum Hold Off Pressure Psi 1500 1500 1500
Maximum Cooling Pressure Psi 10 10 10
Maximum Coolant Flow Gpm 2.5 2.5 9
Axle Models 14D2149 16D2149 19D3847
16D2149 19D2748 19D4354
21D3847
21D4354
53R300
48R300
Cooling Requirements
A certain amount of energy or heat must be absorbed in all braking situations. In the Liquid Cooled Brake this
heat is dissapated by an oil coolant fluid, either in the axle wheel end or through an external cooling system. In
all applications it is necessary to calculate the amount of energy to determine if external coolant is necessary to
properly cool the brake and maintain a proper temperature in the axle wheel end.
2
LCB Energy Absorption Capacity VS Cooling Oil Flow Rate
(For One Brake)
Series I
600
ENERGY ABSORPTION - Ft.Lbs./Min X
500
400
INTERMITTENT
1000
300
200
100
NOMINAL
0
0 .5 1 1.5 2
COOLING OIL FLOW
GPM
Series II LCB Series III LCB
1.50E+06 2.5E+06
ENERGY APSORPTION - FT. LBS/MIN
1.25E+06 2.0E+06
ANERGY ABSORPTION - FT. LBS/MIN
INTERMITTENT
1.00E+06 1.5E+06
INTERMITTENT
7.5E+05 1.0E+06
5.00E+05 5.0E+05
NOMINAL
2.50E+05 0.0E+00
NOMINAL 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
COOLING OIL FLOW - GPM
0.00E+00
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
COOLING OIL FLOW - PGM
Operating Conditions
80°F Ambient Temperature Nominal Working Conditions (Rated) Intermittent Working Conditions (Rated)
180°F Inlet Oil Temperature 200°F Outlet Oil 250°F Outlet Oil
LCB Exterior Clean
3
Posi-Stop Energy Absorption Capacity VS
Cooling Oil Flow Rate
(For One Brake)
Series I POSI-STOP
10.0E+05
9.0E+05
ENERGY APSORPTION - FT. LBS/MIN
8.0E+05
INTERMITTENT
7.0E+05
6.0E+05
5.0E+05
4.0E+05
3.0E+05
2.0E+05
NOMINAL
1.0E+05
0.0E+00
0.0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1.0 1.25 1.5 1.75 2.0 2.25 2.5
COOLING OIL FLOW - GPM
Series II POSI-STOP
2.0E+06
ENERGY ABSORPTION - FT. LBS/MIN
1.5E+06
INTERMITTENT
1.0E+06
.5E+06
NOMINAL
0.0E+00
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
COOLING OIL FLOW = GPM
Operating Conditions
80°F Ambient Air Temperature Nominal Working Conditions (Rated) Intermittent Working Conditions (Rated)
180°F Ilet Oil Temperature 200°F Outlet Oil 250°F Outlet Oil
POSI-STOP Exterior Clean
4
For a given machine duty cycle, the following formulas should be used for calculating the energy which must
be absorbed and dissapated by the brakes during each duty cycle segment. Total duty cycle energy is the sum
of the energies for all the segments.
Step 1
E = Total duty cycle energy per brake (Ft.Lbs./Min./Brake)
E = E1 + E2 + E3
E1 = Sum of energies for level or uphill stops during the duty cycle divided by the total duty cycle time.
E1 = 0.5 * (W/g) * (V22 - V12) * 1/B * 1/X per stop.
E2 = Sum of energies for all downhill stops during the duty cycle divided by the total cycle time.
E2 = (0.5 * (W/g) * (V22 - V12) + (W * H) ) * 1/B * 1/X per stop.
E3 = Sum of energies where brakes are used for retardation on downgrades during the duty cycle divided
by total duty cycle time.
E3 = W * L1 * Sin (Tan -1 (G/100) ) * K1/B *1/X per retardation downgrade.
Parameters
W = Machine Weight (Lbs.)
g = Acceleration of gravity ( = 32.2 Ft./Sec2)
V2 = Speed at start of stop (Ft./Sec.) (Ft./Sec. = MPH * 88/60)
V1 = Speed at end of stop (Ft./Sec.)
B = Number of brakes on machine
X = Total duty cycle time (Min.)
L1 = Length of grade (Ft.)
G = % of Grade
K1 = Fraction (0 to 1.00) of grade energy absorbed by brakes
Normally taken as 0.5 assuming proper gear selection
H = Vertical height of grade traversed during deceleration (Ft.)
H = S * Sin (Tan-1 (G/100) )
S = Distance traveled along during retardation or deceleration (Ft.)
Step 2
After calculating the energy rate, the required oil coolant flow can easily be read from the energy absorption
charts. An oil flow level of zero indicates that no external cooling is required and the brake can be properly
cooled with fluid in the axle wheel end. Note that the adjustments may have to be made for average duty cycle
speed, (total duty cycle in feet divided by total duty cycle in minutes, all divided by 88) inlet cooling temperature
and ambient temperature.
Energy for individual duty cycle segments (using segment time instead of total duty cycle time) must also be
compared with “intermittemt” curves to determine oil flow required for intermittent conditions.
APPLICATION POLICY
Capability ratings, features and specifications vary depending upon the model and type of service. Application approvals must be
obtained from Spicer Off-Highway Products Division. We reserve the right to change or modify our product specifications, configu-
rations, or dimensions at any time without notice.
SPICER OFF-HIGHWAY PRODUCTS DIVISION
1293 Glenway Drive
Statesville, NC 28625
Tel: (704) 873-2811 Fax: (704) 878-5616
