QUESTION 1: CLIMATE AND WEATHER
1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions.
Choose the answer and write only the letter (A‒D) next to the question
numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example. 1.1.6 D.
MID-LATITUDE CYCLONE IN THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
[Adapted from [Link]
1.1.1 The sketch shows the … stage of a mid-latitude cyclone.
A initial
B mature
C occluded
D degenerative
1.1.2 … clouds form along the cold front.
A Nimbostratus
B Cirrostratus
C Cirrus
D Cumulonimbus
1.1.3 The cold front has a … pressure gradient and moves … than the warm
front.
(i) steeper
(ii) gentler
(iii) slower
(iv) faster
A (i) and (iii)
B (ii) and (iii)
C (i) and (iv)
D (ii) and (iv)
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1.1.4 The warm sector causes air pressure to … and humidity to …
A decrease; decrease.
B increase; increase.
C decrease; increase.
D increase; decrease.
1.1.5 The sketch below shows an occlusion that formed because …
A the cold air was uplifted along the warm front.
B the warm air was uplifted along the cold front.
C the warm front undercut the cold front.
D the warm air was uplifted along the warm front. (5 x 1) (5)
1.2 The sketch below shows the local climate of an urban area. Select the correct
option between brackets so that each statement reads correctly.
[Adapted from [Link]
1.2.1 The air pressure will generally be (higher/lower) in the urban area than in
the rural areas.
1.2.2 The temperature difference between the city centre and the rural area is
approximately (34°C/5°C).
1.2.3 The sketch shows typical (day/night) time conditions.
1.2.4 (Cool/Warm) air moves in from the rural area to replace the rising air.
1.2.5 The great vertical dimension of the heat island shape is influenced by the
strong (subsiding/rising) air. (5 x 1) (5)
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GEOGRAPHY 5
1.3 Refer to the infographic on Tropical Cyclone Chido.
SATELLITE IMAGE: THE PATH OF TROPICAL CYCLONE
TROPICAL CYCLONE CHIDO CHIDO
Tropical Cyclone Chido caused
widespread devastation across
the SW Indian Ocean.
Forming on 5 December
2024, Chido intensified rapidly
with the development of
torrential rainfall (176 mm in
12 hours) and strong winds
(exceeding 200 km/hr).
The cyclone passed north of
Madagascar, before striking
Mayotte on 14 December.
Chido continued its path,
Adapted from [Link] making landfall in Mozambique
cyclone-chido
on 15 December before
dissipating on 16 December.
CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH TROPICAL CYCLONE CHIDO
[Adapted from [Link]
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6 GEOGRAPHY
1.3.1 According to the extract, over which ocean did Tropical Cyclone Chido
develop? (1 x 1) (1)
1.3.2 During which season did Tropical Cyclone Chido develop? (1 x 1) (1)
1.3.3 Calculate the life span (duration) of Tropical Cyclone Chido. (1 x 1) (1)
1.3.4 Refer to the satellite image and explain the reason for the direction of
Tropical Cyclone Chido’s path. (1 x 2) (2)
1.3.5 Refer to the graph and state why the eye of the tropical cyclone is calm
and clear. (2 x 2) (4)
1.3.6 Explain how the moisture content and high temperatures over the
ocean contribute to the formation of heavy rain in the eye walls. (3 x 2) (6)
1.4 Refer to the sketch below showing a South African berg wind.
[Source: Examiner’s Own Sketch]
1.4.1 Why is the coastal low referred to as a travelling disturbance? (1 x 2) (2)
1.4.2 Refer to the station model. What is the maximum temperature? (1 x 1) (1)
1.4.3 What causes the berg wind to be a warm offshore wind? (2 x 2) (4)
1.4.4 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, explain the negative
physical impact of berg winds on farmers in the area. (4 x 2) (8)
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GEOGRAPHY 7
QUESTION 2: GEOMORPHOLOGY
2.1 Match each type of drainage pattern (A to F) below with the descriptions that
follow. Write only the letter (A to F) of the drainage basin next to the question
numbers (2.1.1 to 2.1.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example. 2.1.6 A.
A B C
D E F
[Adapted from [Link]/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/drainage-pattern]
2.1.1 Rivers flow away in all directions from the peak which is a central
elevated point like a hill or dome.
2.1.2 Main rivers run parallel to one another and have short tributaries that
join at 90°.
2.1.3 Tributaries that join the main river at acute angles and which form on
rock that is uniformly resistant to erosion.
2.1.4 Forms in highly jointed rocks where the main river and its tributaries
have right-angle bends.
2.1.5 Rivers and tributaries flowing in roughly parallel lines on a slope with
a steep gradient. (5 x 1) (5)
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8 GEOGRAPHY
2.2 Refer to the sketch of different river profiles below. Complete the statements in
COLUMN A with the options in COLUMN B. Write only Y or Z next to the
question numbers (2.2.1 to 2.2.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example. 2.2.6 Y.
[Adapted from [Link]
COLUMN A COLUMN B
2.2.1 Deposition is the main fluvial process in the Y upper
… course. Z lower
2.2.2 The middle course is dominated by … Y lateral
erosion. Z vertical
2.2.3 Fluvial landforms in the lower course. Y levees
Z rapids
2.2.4 The permanent base level of erosion is at … Y 200
metres above sea level. Z 0
2.2.5 A transverse profile representing the middle Y
course.
(5 x 1) (5)
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GEOGRAPHY 9
2.3 Refer to the sketches showing river capture.
CROSS-SECTION OF WATERSHED
BEFORE RIVER CAPTURE
AFTER RIVER CAPTURE
[Adapted from [Link]/figure/Summary-of-the-river-capture-model]
2.3.1 What is a watershed? (1 x 2) (2)
Refer to the cross-section of the watershed.
2.3.2 Would the captor stream flow on slope X or slope Y? (1 x 1) (1)
2.3.3 Give a reason for your answer to QUESTION 2.3.2. (1 x 2) (2)
Refer to the sketch showing conditions after river capture.
2.3.4 How did the misfit stream form? (1 x 2) (2)
2.3.5 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, explain how the flow
characteristics, downstream of Z, will change after river capture.
(4 x 2) (8)
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10 GEOGRAPHY
2.4 Refer to the infographic on the Limpopo River Basin (LRB) catchment and river
management.
LIMPOPO RIVER BASIN (LRB) ALLOCATION (%) OF LRB
WATER RESOURCES
[Adapted from
[Source: [Link]/figure/Limpopo-River-basin] [Link]
opo-river-basin]
THE NEED FOR INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
The Limpopo River Basin (LRB) is the fourth largest international basin in
southern Africa with a total catchment area of approximately 408 250 km². The
basin intersects (crosses) four countries and supports over 18 million people
who have a wide variety of water demands.
Located in a region that is classified as arid to semi-arid, the water resources
(both surface and underground sources) are under severe pressure because
of negative impacts associated with climate change and constant increase in
water demands from various sectors.
In addition, there is deterioration of water quality. Both polluted agricultural
runoffs and mining and industrial effluents released into the river system have
all contributed to the deterioration of water quality in the river.
Given the Limpopo River Basin’s vulnerability, efficient transboundary water
resources management, between the four countries, is required.
[Adapted from [Link]
2.4.1 Identify TWO of South Africa's neighbouring countries that are part of
the Limpopo River Basin's catchment area. (2 x 1) (2)
2.4.2 According to the extract, suggest ONE human and ONE physical factor
that threatens the Limpopo River Basin’s (LRB) water quantity. (2 x 1) (2)
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GEOGRAPHY 11
2.4.3 What percentage of the Limpopo River Basin’s (LRB) water is allocated
to the agricultural sector? (1 x 1) (1)
2.4.4 Explain how agricultural runoff negatively impacts the water quality in
the Limpopo River Basin (LRB). (2 x 2) (4)
2.4.5 Suggest THREE sustainable water resource management strategies
that could be implemented to ensure healthy water quality is maintained
in the drainage basin. (3 x 2) (6)
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Marking Guideline
QUESTION 1
1.1 1.1.1 B (1)
1.1.2 D (1)
1.1.3 C (1)
1.1.4 A (1)
1.1.5 B (1)
1.2 1.2.1 lower (1)
1.2.2 5°C (1)
1.2.3 day (1)
1.2.4 Cool (1)
1.2.5 rising (1)
1.3 1.3.1 (SW) Indian (1) (Ocean)
1.3.2 Summer (1)
1.3.3 12 days (1)
1.3.4 Steered by the Easterlies / Trade winds (2)
Located in the Tropical Easterly wind belt (2)
[ANY ONE]
1.3.5 CLEAR SKIES:
No condensation takes place (2)
Air subsides / descends (2)
Air heats up / adiabatic warming (2)
Evaporation of moisture /air dries out (2)
[ANY ONE]
CALM:
[ANY ONE]
1.3.6
[ANY THREE]
[NO PART MARKING A REASON AND A QUALIFIER IS
NECESSARY] (3 x 2) (6)
1.4 1.4.1 Coastal low forms off the west coast and travels east along the coast
(moves across a region), influencing / changing the weather (2)
[CONCEPT] (1 x 2) (2)
1.4.2 32 °C (1) (1 x 1) (1)
1.4.3 Blows from the interior towards the coast / along pressure gradient /
from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure (2)
As the air descends (the escarpment) it warms (adiabatically) (2)
(2 x 2) (4)
1.4.4
(8)
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QUESTION 2
2.1 2.1.1 E (1)
2.1.2 C (1)
2.1.3 F (1)
2.1.4 D (1)
2.1.5 B (1) (5 x 1) (5)
2.2 2.2.1 Z (1)
2.2.2 Y (1)
2.2.3 Y (1)
2.2.4 Z (1)
2.2.5 Z (1) (5 x 1) (5)
2.3 2.3.1 A high lying area that separates two drainage basins (2)
[CONCEPT] (1 x 2) (2)
2.3.2 X (1) (1 x 1) (1)
2.3.3 Slope with softer rock erodes quicker (2)
Slope with steeper slope erodes quicker (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)
2.3.4 Headwaters / source of water is cut off (by the captor stream) (2)
(1 x 2) (2)
2.3.5
More water / larger discharge increases erosive capacity (2)
Increased energy/ rejuvenated river because of the
increased volume / speed of water (2)
[ANY FOUR]
[NO PART MARKING A REASON AND A QUALIFIER IS
NECESSARY] (4 x 2) (8)
2.4 2.4.1 Botswana (1)
Zimbabwe (1)
Mozambique (1)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2)
2.4.2 Human factor: increase in water demand (1)
Physical factor: climate change (1) (2 x 1) (2)
2.4.3 60 (1)% (1 x 1) (1)
2.4.4 Fertilisers / excess nutrients lead to eutrophication / promote algal
boom (2)
Excess sediment can cloud the water (2)
Pesticides / herbicides increase the level of toxic chemicals (2)
Run-off from livestock causes increased pathogens / harmful bacteria (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)
2.4.5 Awareness / education campaigns (2)
Buffering rivers /establish buffer strips (2)
Preserve riparian zone (2)
Protect wetlands (2)
Regular testing / monitoring of water quality (2)
Ensure EIAs conducted (2)
Reforestation/afforestation/plant natural vegetation along river
banks (2)
Reduce agricultural run-off (2)
Promote the use of organic fertiliser (2)
Ensure proper treatment of wastewater (2)
Incentives to reduce pollution (2)
Legislation to prevent pollution (2)
[ANY THREE] (3 x 2) (6)
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