ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

MC1: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

BSN | COLLEGE OF NURSING

ANAPHY MNEMONICS VERTEBRAL REGIONS

BONES OF THE UPPER LIMBS Cervical Can

(PROXIMAL TO DISTAL) Thoracic Tinkerbell
Lumbar Let
Humerus How Sacral Stars
Radius Rare Coccyx Collide
Ulna U
Carpal bones Cook BONES OF THE HAND
Metacarpal Menudong
Phalanges Pork Phalanges Please
Metacarpal bones Make
BONES OF THE LOWER LIMBS Carpal bones Cookies
(PROXIMAL TO DISTAL)
BONES OF THE ARMS
Femur From
Patellar Pennies Ulna Ultra
Tibia To Radius Red
Fibullar Fives Humerus Hair
Tarsal bones They
Metatarsal bones May BONES OF THE PHALANGES
Phalanges Pay (PROXIMAL TO DISTAL)

CRANIAL BONES Distal Phalanx Don’t

Meddle Phalanx Make
Frontal F Proximal Phalanx Problems
Parietal P
Occipital O CARPAL BONES
Ethmoid E
Temporal T Scaphoid Some
Sphenoid S Lunate Lovers
Triquetrum Try
PROJECTIONS OF A BONE Pisiforme Positions
Trapezium That
Process People Trapezoid They
Tubercle Take Capitate Can’t
Tuberosity Tanduay (Alcohol) Hamate Handle
Trochanter Temporarily
Condyle Causing LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY
Crest Constipation • The language of modern anatomy, like the language of
medicine itself, is a universal language and has its
JOINTS/SUTURES OF SKULL origin in the 15th and 16th centuries and indeed owes a
good deal to that pioneer of human anatomy Andreas
Coronal Suture Come Versalius.
Squamosal Suture Sing • Anatomical language has its own specialized
Lambdoid Suture Love vocabulary and nomenclature, the great Irish born
Sagittal Suture Songs dramatist writer and Nobel Laureate George

BONES OF THE PECTORAL GIRDLE AND ARM ANATOMICAL POSITIONS

Clavicle Crazy
Scapula Seals

BONE MARKINGS OF HUMERUS

Lateral epicondyle Let’s

Radial fossa Rewatch
Coronoid fossa Criminals
Medial epicondyle Minds

AFFERENT VS. EFFERENT

Afferent Arrives
Efferent Exits

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ANAPHY | ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

• To accurately describe body parts and position, we must • deltoid (del′toyd): curve of shoulder formed by large
have an initial reference point and use directional terms. deltoid muscle
To avoid confusion, we always assume that the body is • digital (dij′ ı̆ -tal): fingers, toes
in a standard position called anatomical position. • femoral (fem′or-al): thigh (applies to both anterior and
• Standard position to avoid confusion posterior)
• Stand erect, feet parallel, arms hanging at the sides with • fibular (fib′u-lar): lateral part of leg
palms facing forward and thumbs pointing away from the • frontal (frun′tal): forehead
body • inguinal (in′gw ı̆ -nal): area where thigh meets body
• Supine – lying face upward trunk; groin
• Prone – lying face downward • mental (men′tul): chin
• nasal (na′zul): nose area
REGIONAL TERMS • oral (o′ral): mouth
• There are many visible landmarks on the surface of the • orbital (or′b ı̆ -tal): eye area
body. Once you know their proper names, you can be • patellar (pah-tel′er): anterior knee
specific in referring to different regions of the body. • pectoral (pek′to-ral): relating to, or occurring in or on,
the chest
ORIENTATION AND DIRECTIONAL TERMS • pelvic (pel′vik): area overlying the pelvis anteriorly
• pubic (pyu′bik): genital region
• sternal (ster′nul): breastbone area
• tarsal (tar′sal): ankle region
• thoracic (tho-ras′ik): area between the neck and
abdomen, supported by the ribs, sternum and costal
cartilages; chest
• umbilical (um-bil′ ı̆ -kal): navel

POSTERIOR BODY LANDMARKS

• calcaneal (kal-ka′ne-ul): heel of foot
• cephalic (seh-f ă ′lik): head
• femoral (fem′or-al): thigh
ANATOMICAL POSITION AND REGIONAL TERMS • gluteal (gloo′te-al): buttock
• The anatomical position and regional terms. This figure • lumbar (lum′bar): area of back between ribs and hips;
shows terms used to designate specific body areas. the loin
a) Anterior view • occipital (ok-sip′ ı̆ -tal): posterior surface of head or
b) Posterior view. base of skull
• The heels are raised slightly to show the inferior plantar • olecranal (ol-eh-kra′nel): posterior surface of elbow
surface (sole) of the foot, which is actually on the inferior • popliteal (pop-lit′e-al): posterior knee area
surface of the body. • sacral (sa′krul): area between hips at base of spine
• scapular (skap′u-lar): shoulder blade region
ANTERIOR BODY LANDMARKS
• sural (soo′ral): the posterior surface of leg; the calf
• abdominal (ab-dom′ ı̆ -nal): anterior body trunk inferior
• vertebral (ver′t ĕ -bral): area of spinal column
to ribs
• acromial (ah-kro′me-ul): point of shoulder
• The plantar region, or the sole of the foot, actually on
• antebrachial (an′′te-bra′ke-al): forearm the inferior body surface, is illustrated with the posterior
• antecubital (an′′te-ku′b ı̆ -tal): anterior surface of elbow body landmarks.
• axillary (ak′s ı̆ -lar′′e): armpit
• brachial (bra′ke-al): arm BODY PLANES AND SECTIONS
• buccal (buk′al): cheek area • When the section is made through the body wall or
• carpal (kar′pal): wrist through an organ, it is made along an imaginary line
• cervical (ser′v ı̆ -kal): neck region called a plane.
• coxal (kok′sal): hip • We can refer to three types of planes or sections
• crural (kroo′ral): anterior leg; the shin. that lie at right angles to one another.

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ANAPHY | ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

SAGITTAL SECTION
• A cut along the lengthwise, or longitudinal, plane of the
body, the body into right and left parts.
• If the cut is down the median plane of the body and the
right and left parts are equal in size, it is called a
median (midsagittal) section.
• All other sagittal sections are parasagittal sections
(para = near).

FRONTAL SECTION
• It is a cut along a lengthwise plane that divides the body
(or an organ) into anterior and posterior parts. It is also
called a coronal (ko-ro9nal, “crown”) section.

TRANSVERSE SECTION
• It is a cut along a horizontal plane, dividing the body or
organ into superior and inferior parts. It is also called a
cross-section.

BODY CAVITY
• It describes two sets of internal body cavities, called the
dorsal and ventral body cavities, that provide different
degrees of protection to the organs within them.

DORSAL CAVITY
• It has two subdivisions, which are continuous with each
other.

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