International Journal of New Developments in Engineering and Society
ISSN 2522-3488 Vol. 7, Issue 9: 37-41, DOI: 10.25236/IJNDES.2023.070907
Design of Temperature Control System
Zimeng Gao
School of Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning,
Anshan, 114051, China
Abstract: This thesis focuses on designing a temperature control system using the AT89C51 single chip
microcomputer, which is widely used in production, scientific research, and daily life. The DS18B20
temperature sensor collects and converts real-time temperature data and transmits it to the single-chip
microcomputer, which displays the current temperature on an external LCD1602 liquid crystal display
screen. The single-chip microcomputer uses the PID algorithm to calculate the system deviation between
the given and actual temperatures and controls the relay to heat and cool, achieving precise temperature
control. The design principle, hardware, and software flow of the control system are discussed, and
multiple simulation experiments demonstrate the system's high precision and stability. The research has
significant implications for the development of intelligent control systems and has practical applications.
Keywords: AT89C51 single chip microcomputer, DS18B20 Temperature sensor, Control system based on
PID algorithm
1. Introduction
1.1 Background of research on temperature control systems
Temperature plays an extremely important role in human living environment. Especially in recent
years, in all aspects of people's lives, the temperature control system has long been applied.
With the continuous development of society and the continuous progress of science and technology,
the control system has been widely[1,2] used in production, scientific research and daily life. Among
them, temperature control system is a very important control system. In industrial production, the
temperature control system can ensure the quality and stability of the product; In the medical field,
temperature control system can ensure the operating room and ward temperature comfort and cleanliness;
In family life, temperature control system can improve the comfort of living environment and energy
saving effect. Therefore, the research of temperature control system has very important significance[3-
5].
1.2 Design Content
According to the needs of the system, it is divided into seven parts: the main control part, the
temperature sensing part, the alarm circuit part, the operation button part, the LED display part, the digital
signal processing part and the relay part.
In this paper, C language is used to write the system program, and Keil C51 development tool is used
to compile and debug. In terms of hardware, a complete temperature control system is built by using
single chip microcomputer, temperature sensor, digital tube, buzzer and other components. In order to
test and verify the control effect, the method of temperature fluctuation test and temperature stability test
is used to verify the system. The experimental results show that the system can control the temperature
very accurately, and has high stability and reliability.
By using two different technologies, AT89C51 and DS18B20, these technologies can be used in
different environments. Through PID algorithm and DS18B2 technology, the performance of the
computer can be adjusted, and through these technologies, the computer can automatically adjust the
voltage and current, in order to achieve the purpose of regulating voltage. The indicator light is green
when working normally; If the temperature is higher than the set temperature, the indicator light will turn
red and start the refrigeration switch, and there will be a buzzer to issue an alarm; If the temperature is
lower than the set temperature, the indicator light will turn yellow and start the furnace temperature
heating switch, and the buzzer will issue an alarm.
Published by Francis Academic Press, UK
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International Journal of New Developments in Engineering and Society
ISSN 2522-3488 Vol. 7, Issue 9: 37-41, DOI: 10.25236/IJNDES.2023.070907
This system can monitor and control the temperature in the room in real time, and can issue sound
and light alarm.
2. Overall design of the system scheme
The system to achieve intelligent temperature control, that is, set a temperature value, can make the
system temperature maintain near this temperature value, and finally gradually stabilize, so that the
temperature reaches a constant. When the temperature changes, there will be a corresponding alarm.
Whether the temperature is lower than the set value or higher than the set value, it should be judged by
the LED flashing color; And through the PID control relay to work, low temperature heating, high
temperature cooling.
2.1 Functional Requirements
(1) Can monitor the temperature in real time, with an accuracy of up to 0.1 degrees Celsius.
(2) Using DS18B20 as a temperature sensor, it can send the measured temperature information to
AT89C51 in real time.
(3) LCD1602 LCD screen through MCU AT89C51 real-time temperature data acquisition, and after
accurate analysis and processing, in order to better reflect the actual situation;
(4) Display temperature through LCD1602 LCD screen;
(5) Normally, the indicator is green.
(6) When the temperature drops, the yellow LED will light up, the buzzer will sound, and the heater
will start to achieve warming.
(7) When the limit is reached, the red LED will light up, the buzzer will be excited, and the fan will
be activated to achieve true cooling.
2.2 Scheme Selection
2.2.1 Sensor Selection
In order to better meet the emergency needs, a new technology is chosen to simulate the integrated
sensor. This type of sensor is produced by silicon semiconductor integration technology, also known as
silicon sensor or monolithic integrated sensor. Among them, the AD590 sensor can detect -voltage, which
greatly enhances the tolerance and stability. However, the design of this circuit is very complex, and the
gain of the AD590 must be considered at the same time, as well as the complexity of the A/D conversion
circuit. This makes it necessary to constantly adjust in the actual circuit to improve the efficiency of its
implementation.
By introducing digital single chip intelligent temperature sensor, real-time monitoring of ambient
temperature can be realized. This kind of temperature sensor is composed of A/D converter, signal
processor, storage device (or register), connection line, etc., its temperature control sensor has excellent
performance, can provide -55℃~125℃ temperature data, and has the function of 16-bit digital quantity,
can realize the real-time monitoring of environmental temperature, in addition, it also has an independent
working power supply, Can be realized through the parasitic power supply, so as to achieve real-time
monitoring of the environmental temperature. DS18B20 is a temperature control sensor with good
performance, it can accurately detect the temperature change, so as to provide accurate temperature
information. The DS18B20 is not limited to local use, but can be used across regions to achieve a wider
range of connectivity. They are not just an I/O port, but a complete connection, making the port of the
CPU more convenient to use, and easier to design and install.
By comparison, the DS18B20 has A complete core, including temperature sensor, signal amplifier,
A/D switcher and interface, making it very easy to connect, and its performance is far beyond the AD590,
so we decided to choose the DS18B20 as the final choice.
2.2.2 Singlechip selection
A new solution: using DSP (digital signal processor) as the controller of the system. The dsp is unique
in that it can process a large amount of data, and its characteristics make it very resistant to external
interference, such as temperature differences and other changes. In addition, DSP can be integrated
Published by Francis Academic Press, UK
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International Journal of New Developments in Engineering and Society
ISSN 2522-3488 Vol. 7, Issue 9: 37-41, DOI: 10.25236/IJNDES.2023.070907
quickly and can be reused in a short time, while also being able to self-regulate by adjusting the
parameters of the processor, and can handle extremely weak signals. However, the hardware circuitry of
a DSP is very complex and expensive because it is an energy-consuming active device rather than a
trusted passive one.
The use of single chip microcomputer as a network control robot is a very good option, because of
its high stability, high price, low current, low power consumption, so that it has been rapidly popularized
in recent years, and is widely used in many fields. In addition, it also has excellent algorithm processing
power, easy to operate, with a high degree of freedom, but also equipped with timers, counters, so that it
can be timed to operate, but also to carry out accurate measurement, and its low power consumption, the
size is smaller, and the cost is also lower.
After many comparisons and demonstration, the final decision to use AT89C51 single chip
microcomputer as the central processing unit of the thermometer, so that it can meet the practical
requirements, but also save costs.
3. System hardware design
The whole system takes AT89C51 single chip microcomputer as the core device, with resistance
capacitance crystal vibration and other devices, to form the minimum system structure of single chip
microcomputer. The other modules revolve around the minimum system of the single chip
microcomputer. Including temperature sensor module, DS18B20 temperature sensor is responsible for
collecting temperature data and transmitting it to the MCU; Key module, responsible for the setting of
alarm pre-value; The alarm module uses the combination of buzzer and LED design, beyond the alarm
range for sound and light alarm; LED display module shows the working state, the normal state shows
the green light, if the low temperature then yellow light, if the high temperature then the red light; Relay
module, controlled by PID, if the temperature is too high will start the refrigeration switch, if the
temperature is too low will start the furnace temperature heating switch; At the same time, there is a
digital tube display module, display set temperature and real-time temperature; The system schematic
diagram is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1: System schematic diagram
4. Software design
4.1 Programming language and development environment
C language is a powerful computer programming language, it can achieve complex functions, but
also can support a variety of complex programming languages. It can not only meet the needs of
workstation design, but also meet the needs of various aps, whether it is in hardware or software can play
a good performance. Its application field is extremely wide, with excellent data processing capabilities.
Keil C51 is a 51 series Software operating system with MCU C programming language promoted by
Published by Francis Academic Press, UK
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International Journal of New Developments in Engineering and Society
ISSN 2522-3488 Vol. 7, Issue 9: 37-41, DOI: 10.25236/IJNDES.2023.070907
Keil Software Co., LTD. It has more powerful functions, higher flexibility, higher reliability and better
operating experience, making it easier to be accepted and used by people.
4.2 Program flow chart design
As shown in Figure 2, the timer is used for dynamic scanning of the digital tube, so as to achieve a
dead cycle. The dead cycle includes: 1) read out the current temperature data; 2) display the detected
temperature; 3) Evaluate whether the temperature has reached the temperature warning line, once it
reaches the threshold, it will initiate the sound and thermostat (analog thermostat device); 4) Periodically
scan the thermostat and automatically adjust it to the highest or lowest temperature set by the thermostat
once it is found that someone has pressed it.
Start
Read the
temperature of Displays the
Timer
the DS18B20 temperature
initialization
temperature value
sensor
Whether the temperature alarm value is
exceeded
Turn on the
Parameter self- LED indicator
sound and light
test change
alarm
Temperature
control
PID
Open relay
module
Set the
Whether to press the function key temperature
alarm range
Delay
END
Figure 2: Program flow chart
5. Conclusions
This thesis focuses on designing a temperature control system using the AT89C51 single chip
microcomputer, which is widely used in production, scientific research, and daily life. The DS18B20
temperature sensor collects and converts real-time temperature data and transmits it to the single-chip
microcomputer, which displays the current temperature on an external LCD1602 liquid crystal display
screen. The single-chip microcomputer uses the PID algorithm to calculate the system deviation between
the given and actual temperatures and controls the relay to heat and cool, achieving precise temperature
Published by Francis Academic Press, UK
-40-
International Journal of New Developments in Engineering and Society
ISSN 2522-3488 Vol. 7, Issue 9: 37-41, DOI: 10.25236/IJNDES.2023.070907
control. The design principle, hardware, and software flow of the control system are discussed, and
multiple simulation experiments demonstrate the system's high precision and stability. The research has
significant implications for the development of intelligent control systems and has practical applications.
References
[1] Huang Hai-Yu. Development of residual current protector based on MSP430 single chip
microcomputer [D]. Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2007.
[2] Wang Bin, Yu Yan. Warehouse Temperature control System based on S7-300PLC and touch screen
[J]. Automation Application, 2018, (02):46+51.
[3] Li Fan. Tool Wear State Monitoring Based on Workpiece Surface Image [D]. Xi 'an University of
Technology, 2007.
[4] Wang Xiaohua, WANG Jian. Design of Temperature Control for Warm Box [J]. Electronic Technique,
2012, 39(08):47-50.
[5] Qin Honglang. Design and Implementation of Control System of Resistance Furnace based on single
Chip Microcomputer [J]. Industrial Heating, 2023, 52(04):18-21.
Published by Francis Academic Press, UK
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