1. A box is sitting on a ramp angled at 20°.
If the box weighs 50 N, what is the normal force on
the box?
20°
20°
w
𝑤⊥ = 𝑤 ⋅ cos 20° = 47 𝑁
𝐹𝑁 − 𝑤⊥ = 𝑚𝑎 = 0
𝐹𝑁 = 𝑤⊥ = 47 N
2. A car skids to a stop after initially going 30.0 m/s. k = 0.800. How far does the car go before
stopping?
𝑦: 𝐹𝑁 = 𝑊 = 𝑚𝑔
𝑥: 𝑓𝑘 = 𝜇𝑘 𝐹𝑁 = 𝜇𝑘 𝑚𝑔
𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎
𝜇𝑘 𝑚𝑔 = 𝑚𝑎 → 𝜇𝑘 𝑔 = 𝑎
𝑣 2 = 𝑣02 + 2𝑎𝑥 → 𝑣 2 = 𝑣02 + 2𝜇𝑘 𝑔𝑥
𝑚 2 𝑚
0 = (30.0 ) + 2(0.800) (−9.80 2 ) 𝑥
𝑠 𝑠
𝑚 2 𝑚
−900 ( ) = (15.7 2 ) 𝑥 à 𝑥 = 57.3 𝑚
𝑠 𝑠
3. A 65-kg skier is coasting downhill on a 15° slope. Assuming the coefficient of friction is that
of waxed wood on snow, what is the skier’s acceleration?
Perpendicular direction:
𝐹𝑁 − 𝑤 cos 15° = 𝑚𝑎
𝐹𝑁 − 𝑚𝑔 cos 15° = 𝑚 (0)
𝑚
𝐹𝑁 − (65 𝑘𝑔) (9.8 ) cos 15° = 0
𝑠2
𝐹𝑁 = 615.2948 𝑁
parallel direction:
𝑓 − 𝑤 sin 15° = 𝑚𝑎
𝜇𝑘 𝐹𝑁 − 𝑚𝑔 sin 15° = 𝑚𝑎
𝑚
(0.1)(615.2948 𝑁) − (65 𝑘𝑔) (9.8 ) sin 15° = (65 𝑘𝑔)𝑎
𝑠2
−103.338 𝑁 = (65 𝑘𝑔)𝑎
𝑚
−1.59 =𝑎
𝑠2
4. While hauling firewood to the house, you pull a 100-kg wood-filled wagon across level
ground at a constant velocity. You pull the handle with a force of 230 N at 30° above the
horizontal. What is the coefficient of friction between the wagon and the ground ?
𝑦: 𝐹𝑁 − 𝑊 + 230 𝑁 𝑠𝑖𝑛 30° = 𝑚𝑎
𝑚
𝐹𝑁 − (100 𝑘𝑔) (9.8 ) + 115 𝑁 = (100 𝑘𝑔)(0)
𝑠2
𝐹𝑁 = 865 𝑁
𝑥: 230 𝑁 𝑐𝑜𝑠 30° − 𝑓𝑘 = 𝑚𝑎
199.1858 𝑁 − 𝜇𝑘 𝐹𝑁 = 𝑚𝑎
199.1858 𝑁 − 𝜇𝑘 (865 𝑁) = (100 𝑘𝑔)(0)
199.1858 𝑁 = (865 𝑁)𝜇𝑘
𝜇𝑘 = 0.230
5. The helicopter in the drawing is moving horizontally to the right at a constant velocity. The
weight of the helicopter is 53,800 N. The lift force L generated by the rotating blade makes an
angle of 21.0° with respect to the vertical. What is the magnitude of the lift force?
y-components
𝐿 cos 21.0° − 𝑊 = 𝑚𝑎
𝐿 cos 21.0° − 53800 𝑁 = 0
𝐿 cos 21.0° = 53800 𝑁
𝐿 = 57600 𝑁
6. A stoplight is suspended by two cables over a street. Weight of the light is 110 N and the
cables make a 122° angle with each side of the light. Find the tension in each cable.
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑜𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑚𝑎𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
𝐹𝑥 : 𝑇2 cos 32° − 𝑇1 cos 32° = 0
𝑇2 (. 8480) − 𝑇1 (. 8480) = 0
𝑇1 = 𝑇2
𝐹𝑦 : −𝑤 + 𝑇1 sin 32° + 𝑇2 sin 32° = 0
−110 𝑁 + 𝑇1 (. 5299) + 𝑇2 (. 5299) = 0
−110 𝑁 + 1.0598𝑇1 = 0
1.0598 𝑇1 = 110 𝑁
𝑇1 = 𝑇2 = 103.8 𝑁
7. A mountain climber, in the process of crossing between two cliffs by a rope, pauses to rest.
She weighs 535 N. Find the tensions in the rope to the left and to the right of the mountain
climber.
x-direction
−𝑇1 sin 65° + 𝑇2 sin 80° = 𝑚𝑎 = 0
𝑇2 = 0.920289𝑇1
y-direction
𝑇1 cos 65° + 𝑇2 cos 80° − 𝑤 = 𝑚𝑎 = 0
𝑇1 cos 65° + (0.9202889𝑇1 ) cos 80° − 535 𝑁 = 0
0.582424777𝑇1 = 535 𝑁
𝑇1 = 919 𝑁
𝑇2 = 845 𝑁
8. A 1380-kg car is moving due east with an initial speed of 27.0 m/s. After 8.00 s the car has
slowed down to 17.0 m/s. Find the magnitude and direction of the net force that produces the
deceleration.
Use kinematics to find a
𝑚 𝑚
𝑣0 = 27.0 , 𝑡 = 8.00 𝑠, 𝑣 = 17.0 , 𝑎 = ?
𝑠 𝑠
𝑣 = 𝑎𝑡 + 𝑣0
𝑚 𝑚
17 = 𝑎(8 𝑠) + 27
𝑠 𝑠
𝑚
𝑎 = −1.25 2
𝑠
Use Newton’s 2nd Law
𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎
𝑚
𝐹 = (1380 𝑘𝑔) (−1.25 ) = −1725 𝑁
𝑠2
1725 N West
9. A supertanker of mass 𝑚 = 1.50 × 108 kg is being towed by two tugboats, as in the picture.
The tensions in the towing cables apply the forces 𝑇1 and 𝑇2 at equal angles of 30.0° with respect
to the tanker's axis. In addition the tanker's engines produce a forward drive force D, whose
magnitude is 𝐷 = 75.0 × 103 N. Moreover, the water applies an opposing force R, whose
magnitude is 𝑅 = 40.0 × 103 N. The tanker moves forward with an acceleration of 2.00 × 10−3
m/s2 . Find the magnitudes of the tensions 𝑇1 and 𝑇2 .
𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑚𝑎
𝑦: 𝑇1 sin 30° − 𝑇2 sin 30° = 𝑚𝑎 = 0
𝑇1 = 𝑇2
𝑥: 𝑇1 cos 30° + 𝑇2 cos 30° + 𝐷 − 𝑅 = 𝑚𝑎
√3 √3 𝑚
𝑇1 ( ) + 𝑇1 ( ) + 75 × 103 𝑁 − 40.0 × 103 𝑁 = (1.50 × 108 𝑘𝑔) (2.00 × 10−3 2 )
2 2 𝑠
√3𝑇1 = 2.65 × 105 𝑁
𝑇1 = 𝑇2 = 1.53 × 105 𝑁
10. A flatbed truck is carrying a crate up a 10.0° hill as in the picture. The coefficient of the static
friction between the truck bed and the crate is 𝜇𝑠 = 0.350. Find the maximum acceleration that
the truck can attain before the crate begins to slip backward relative to the truck.
𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑚𝑎
𝑦: 𝐹𝑁 − 𝑤 cos 10° = 𝑚𝑎 = 0
𝐹𝑁 = 𝑚𝑔 cos 10°
𝑥: 𝑓𝑠 − 𝑤 sin 10° = 𝑚𝑎
𝜇𝑠 𝐹𝑁 − 𝑚𝑔 sin 10° = 𝑚𝑎
0.350(𝑚𝑔 cos 10°) − 𝑚𝑔 sin 10° = 𝑚𝑎
𝑚
1.68 =𝑎
𝑠2
