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PP Databases and File Concepts

The document contains past examination questions related to databases and file concepts, focusing on validation rules, data types, database management systems, and query design. It includes specific tasks such as creating validation rules for telephone and wage fields, explaining indexed sequential access, and detailing steps for setting up queries and reports. Additionally, it addresses relationships in databases, normalization, and validation checks to ensure data integrity.

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Haa Meem Mohiyuddin

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

4 views25 pages

PP Databases and File Concepts

Uploaded by

Haa Meem Mohiyuddin

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Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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H'MM

Information Technology (9626)

DATABASE & FILE

CONCEPTS
PAST PAPERS
DATABASES AND FILE CONCEPTS
MAY / JUN 2018 – PAPER 13

Q # 8. Here is a section of a database showing the wages paid and hours worked by some workers in a
company. New data is about to be entered but it will need to be validated. Validation rules will need to
be created to make sure the data is sensible. Two validation rules would be appropriate for the
Telephone field and one for the Weekly wage field. You can assume the wages shown include the
minimum and maximum that the company pays.

Describe, using examples from the data shown, the validation rules that will be created. For each one,
give examples of test data (do not include normal data) that would test the validation rule works and
give reasons for each choice.

(a) Telephone:

(i) Validation rule 1 .................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Test data ............................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

Reason ..............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iii) Validation rule 2 .................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]
1

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DATABASES AND FILE CONCEPTS

(iv) Test data ............................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

Reason ..............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Weekly wage:

(i) Validation rule ....................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Test data ............................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

Reason ..............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [3]
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DATABASES AND FILE CONCEPTS
Q # 9. Some database systems use the indexed sequential method of accessing data.

Describe the features of indexed sequential access and how it is used.

..........................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................... [8]
3

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DATABASES AND FILE CONCEPTS
MAY / JUN 2018 – PAPER 12

Q # 7. A managing director of a company supervises other directors. Each director has three
departments they are responsible for. Each department has several workers. The company stores
information about all its workers in a hierarchical database.

Explain what is meant by a hierarchical database management system and describe how such a system
would be used to store the workers’ data.

..........................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................[5]

10 A car salesroom has a relational database which stores details of the cars and the customers who
have purchased a car. The manager uses it to search for information about the cars and the customers.
She also produces reports based on these searches.
4

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DATABASES AND FILE CONCEPTS
(a) She wants to have an easier way of accessing the queries, forms and reports.

Design a switchboard for her which will allow her to go to any of the reports, forms or queries already
set up as shown in the image above.

[4]

(b) Referring to any four interactive items on your switchboard explain what will happen if theyare
selected.

Item 1 ........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Item 2 ........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
5

...................................................................................................................................................
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DATABASES AND FILE CONCEPTS
Item 3 ........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Item 4 ........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[4]

(c) Below is a diagram showing the tables in the database.

The car salesroom manager wanted a list of cars made by Frod as well as, in the same list, any cars
ordered by customers whose second name begins with B.

The printout shows the makes and models of cars, first and second customer names who have ordered
them and the order number.

Make Model First Name Second Name Order_No

Frod Deomon Alan Sutton 9
Frod Deomon Bruce Silversmith 8
Frod Deomon Johann Schmidt 5
Frod Deomon Brian Biggins 3
Olap Azum George Babak 10
Yatoya Yangtse Kulvir Bains 7
6

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DATABASES AND FILE CONCEPTS
Describe, in detail, the steps required to set up a query which would display this list.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[8]
7

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DATABASES AND FILE CONCEPTS
MAY / JUN 2018 – PAPER 11

Q # 10 Below is an excerpt from a database showing some holiday bookings.

(a) (i) Describe the steps that need to be followed to set up a dynamic query to allow you to search on
the Group size and Code fields. All fields are to be printed except Discount.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
8

...................................................................................................................................... [5]
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DATABASES AND FILE CONCEPTS

(ii) You run the query and type in the Group size as 4 and the Code as EGY.

Write down the Durations that will be printed out.

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) The Duration field has only the values shown in the database excerpt. The database needs to be set
up to allow you to enter the data in this field without using the keyboard to type in the value each time.

Describe how this would be done and explain how you would now enter the data.

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [4]
9

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DATABASES AND FILE CONCEPTS
(c) When the database was initially set up it did not have the Country field. Data was exported to a
spreadsheet and a formula created, using the Code field, to add the names of the countries with the
layout exactly as shown in the database excerpt.

Without specifying the formula precisely, explain how this could be achieved.

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [5]
10

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DATABASES AND FILE CONCEPTS
OCT / NOV 2017 – PAPER 13

Q # 1. Tick the four most accurate statements about relational databases.


Duplication of data is avoided saving storage space.

Every individual mistake in the database has to be manually corrected in all tables.

It is easier to produce cross-tabular reports in relational databases than with flat file
databases.
The only two possible relationships are one-to-one and many-to-one.
It is impossible to make mistakes when entering data into a relational database.
Tables can be linked using a key field.
There must be at least three tables in a relational database.

Primary keys are unnecessary whereas you must have them with flat file databases.

Relational databases cannot store as much information as flat file databases.

Referential integrity helps to prevent database users entering inconsistent data.

Q # 7. Fig. 1 below shows a small extract from a school database. All students shown are in year groups
9, 10 or 11 depending on their year of birth. Each student’s year group, which is not part of the
database, is shown in Fig. 2.
11

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DATABASES AND FILE CONCEPTS
The year_group field needs to be added to the database and will be a calculated field.

(a) Explain how you would set up the calculated year_group field.

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [6]
12

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DATABASES AND FILE CONCEPTS
(b) You have been asked to produce a well-formatted report showing the year 10 students studying
History. The report will contain a list of these students showing only each student’s name, identity
number and the total number of students involved.

Explain how you would produce such a report.

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [8]
13

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DATABASES AND FILE CONCEPTS
OCT / NOV 2017 – PAPER 12 / 11

Q # 6. Below is an extract from a company’s database which shows the details of their factory workers.

Describe the steps you would use to create a report containing the Workers_Id number and Salary only,
using the most efficient method to extract all the Hot rolling or Cold rolling workers whose salary is
greater than $35,000.

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................
14

..................................................................................................................................................... [6]
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DATABASES AND FILE CONCEPTS
Q # 8. A college keeps records of its A Level students and the subjects they study in a database. It has
the following tables:

Students’ names
Students’ other personal data
Details of when they started studying the subject
All the possible subjects which can be taken by A Level students.

These tables are linked as shown below.

Using examples from the tables shown above or otherwise:

(a) Describe the three relationships:

(i) one-to-one

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) one-to-many

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]
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DATABASES AND FILE CONCEPTS
(iii) many-to-many

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [4]

(b) Define ‘referential integrity’ and explain why it is so important.

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [4]
16

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DATABASES AND FILE CONCEPTS

MAY / JUNE 2017 – PAPER 13

Q # 1. Tick the four true statements referring to the use of data types when creating a database.


Boolean is a data type representing either of two states.
Text fields cannot contain numbers.

Numeric fields cannot contain text.

Integer is a numeric data type used for storing decimal numbers.

Date is a data type which can be used for storing images.
The real number data type is used for fields containing whole numbers only.
The numeric data type can be subdivided into different types of number.

The alphanumeric data type can contain punctuation marks.

The text data type is the easiest type of data to validate.

Currency must be stored as text.

Q # 2. Tick the four true statements relating to the use of normalization when organizing the attributes
and tables of a relational database.


A table that has not got a unique key can still be in first normal form.
Normalization does not attempt to eliminate storing the same data in more than one
table.
Normalization involves breaking down a table into less redundant, smaller tables.

A table is in first normal form if it contains no repeating groups.

A table is in second normal form if it is in first normal form and, additionally, does not have
a composite primary key.
A table in first normal form must use all the relationships, one-to-one, one-to-many and
many-to-one.
A database is in third normal form if it is in second normal form and each table has no non-
key attributes that depend upon other non-key attributes.
A third normal form table can still have non-key attributes dependent on other non-key
attributes.
Third normal form tables can still have non-key fields that do not depend on the primary
key.
17

Every table in a relational database must have a foreign key.

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DATABASES AND FILE CONCEPTS

Q # 10. A school marks all its exams out of 100.

It has recently introduced a system of positive marking for students in years 12 and 13 whereby students
will be awarded 10 marks for just sitting the exam and then, as normal, will be awarded further marks
for correct answers.

After the papers have been marked, the school secretary will enter the marks into a student database
together with the year the student is in and their date of birth, which must be entered in the form
dd/mm/yyyy. It is acceptable for data to be omitted for certain students.

Apart from type check or length check, describe four different validation checks which should be carried
out on the data to help prevent mistakes occurring.

1. ......................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

2. ......................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

3. ......................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

4. ......................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................
18

......................................................................................................................................................[8]

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DATABASES AND FILE CONCEPTS
MAY / JUNE 2017 – PAPER 12 / 11

Q # 10. Here is a table of data about individuals and their families which is being converted into a
database.

Family_name First_name C D E F
Gustoffsson Gunnar 18/05/1957 M Divorced 2
Sandhu Jasvinder 09/08/1988 F Single 0
Otieno Peter 27/12/2001 M Single 0
Qabbani Nizar 01/01/1990 M Married 3
Wanjeku Jane 22/05/1994 F Married 4
Garcia Francesca 12/11/1986 F Married 5
Potter James 17/10/1992 M Married 0

Suggest suitable field names for C, D, E and F. For each field, state an appropriate data type and give a
reason for your choice. For each field, state, with a reason, the number of bytes the database would
need to allocate for the data to be stored.

(i) C ..................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) D .................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................[2]

(iii) E ................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................[2]
19

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DATABASES AND FILE CONCEPTS

(iv) F .................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................[2]

Q # 14. Imran has developed a simple library database system which contains information about the
books. Each record contains the following data:

Book title, author, ISBN, borrowed (Y/N), date borrowed, borrower number.

Design an appropriate online data entry form for one book, clearly indicating the amount of space
required for each field. Your design must represent a computer screen and, where appropriate, allow
the user to enter data by clicking the mouse rather than entering text. [8]
20

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DATABASES AND FILE CONCEPTS

Q # 15. Frida has been given the task of creating a database to store all her company’s customer records
and sales records. She is going to produce a relational database.

The customer records will have the fields Customer_id, Name, Contact_phone and Card_number.

The sales records will have the fields Invoice_number, Item_number, Item_description, Item_cost and
Customer_ref.

(a) Complete the diagram below to show how the tables will be combined. [4]

(b) Describe how you would create the relational database in part (a).

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[4]
21

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DATABASES AND FILE CONCEPTS

MARCH 2017 – PAPER 12

Q # 7. Atat Iron Ltd uses computers to process its payroll. The company pays its workers weekly which
involves the updating of a master file.

Two sets of data are shown below.

The first set represents part of a transaction file containing workers’ ID numbers and the hours worked
by those workers in a particular week.

The second set represents part of the master file used by the company. This shows the workers’ ID
numbers, departments they work in and the rate per hour at which they are paid in Indian Rupees ( ₹ ).

(a) Describe what processes must happen before the updating can begin.

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
22

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DATABASES AND FILE CONCEPTS

Without using a type check, describe three other validation checks you would develop to make sure all
the data entered is sensible.

1. ..............................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2. ..............................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

3. ..............................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [6]
23

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DATABASES AND FILE CONCEPTS
Q # 9. Theresa has created a database query which searches for the surname “Johnson”. Surjit has told
her that this is a static parameter query.

Explain what is meant by static parameter query and why she should change to using a dynamic
parameter query.

..........................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................... [6]
24

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PP Databases and File Concepts

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PP Databases and File Concepts

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H'MM

Information Technology (9626)

DATABASE & FILE

(i) Validation rule 1 .................................................................................................................

(ii) Test data ............................................................................................................................

(iii) Validation rule 2 .................................................................................................................

(iv) Test data ............................................................................................................................

(b) Weekly wage:

(i) Validation rule ....................................................................................................................

(ii) Test data ............................................................................................................................

Describe the features of indexed sequential access and how it is used.

(c) Below is a diagram showing the tables in the database.

Make Model First Name Second Name Order_No

Q # 10 Below is an excerpt from a database showing some holiday bookings.

Write down the Durations that will be printed out.

Q # 1. Tick the four most accurate statements about relational databases.

Relational databases cannot store as much information as flat file databases.

Explain how you would produce such a report.

These tables are linked as shown below.

Using examples from the tables shown above or otherwise:

(a) Describe the three relationships:

(b) Define ‘referential integrity’ and explain why it is so important.

MAY / JUNE 2017 – PAPER 13

Numeric fields cannot contain text.

Integer is a numeric data type used for storing decimal numbers.

The alphanumeric data type can contain punctuation marks.

The text data type is the easiest type of data to validate.

A table is in first normal form if it contains no repeating groups.

Every table in a relational database must have a foreign key.

Q # 10. A school marks all its exams out of 100.

MARCH 2017 – PAPER 12

Two sets of data are shown below.

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