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Class10 Development Notes

Development encompasses various aspects such as improved living standards, access to basic needs, and social equality. It is measured through income, but also includes factors like education, healthcare, and environmental sustainability. National development varies by country, with different priorities for growth, and is assessed using metrics like per capita income and the Human Development Index (HDI).

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24 views2 pages

Class10 Development Notes

Development encompasses various aspects such as improved living standards, access to basic needs, and social equality. It is measured through income, but also includes factors like education, healthcare, and environmental sustainability. National development varies by country, with different priorities for growth, and is assessed using metrics like per capita income and the Human Development Index (HDI).

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vermaravish298
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Class 10 Geography - Chapter: Development (Notes)

What is Development?

Development means different things to different people. For some, it means better income; for
others, it might mean equality, freedom, or better education and healthcare.

It involves:
- Improvement in living standards
- Access to basic needs (food, clothing, shelter)
- Social equality and justice

Income and Other Goals

Income is one of the most important components of development, but not the only one.

People also seek:


- Equal treatment
- Freedom
- Security and respect
- Good environment
- Public facilities like schools and hospitals

National Development

National development refers to the ability of a country to improve the social welfare of its people.

Different people have different goals for national development:


- Some prefer industrial growth
- Others value education or equality

Comparison of Countries

Countries are often compared based on their per capita income (total income ÷ total population).
Class 10 Geography - Chapter: Development (Notes)

World Bank classifies countries as:


- Rich countries: PCI > $13,205
- Low-income countries: PCI < $1,085
(as per latest WB classification)

Human Development Index (HDI)

HDI is calculated by UNDP and includes:


- Life expectancy
- Average years of schooling
- Per capita income

It is a better measure than just income as it includes health and education.

Sustainable Development

Sustainable development means using resources in a way that future generations can also meet
their needs.

For example:
- Overuse of groundwater can lead to scarcity
- Use of non-renewable energy should be reduced

We must balance economic growth with environmental care.

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